第二部分高考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥專題

第二部分高考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2021屆高考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題4

目錄1命題深度解讀23應(yīng)試能力點(diǎn)撥語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)4高考變式訓(xùn)練

命題深度解讀題型分類典型例題命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,67)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.2.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ,62)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see)thebenefit.3.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ,64,65)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged(challenge).1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等);題型分類典型例題命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空4.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ,68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.5.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ,61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting(rest).2.考查固定搭配（續(xù)表）題型分類典型例題命題解讀短文改錯(cuò)1.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazing→amazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.2.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysell→sellingthefish.1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用;2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的錯(cuò)用;（續(xù)表）題型分類典型例題命題解讀短文改錯(cuò)3.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turning→Turnleft!”4.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudents加topickthefreshvegetables!3.不定式符號(hào)to的多余或缺失;4.to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的誤判（續(xù)表）

應(yīng)試能力點(diǎn)撥非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空1.對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類考題,解題時(shí)首先要通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所給提示詞是否要用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。再通過(guò)分析句子成分判斷應(yīng)使用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如:作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞或不定式;作目的狀語(yǔ)常用不定式;作伴隨狀語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞等;2.確定要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及句意,判斷出該使用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與短文改錯(cuò)1.檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后是否該有不定式符號(hào)to;2.檢查介詞后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否正確;3.檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否一致;4.檢查作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否合適;5.檢查分詞作狀語(yǔ)是表主動(dòng)還是表被動(dòng)

語(yǔ)法必備知識(shí)考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)

不定式作定語(yǔ)

Tip1

1.不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具時(shí),不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehouse①_____________.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。

但是,當(dāng)不定式所修飾的名詞是time、place或way時(shí),不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上會(huì)省略。tolivein2.用不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況:(1)不定式與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(2019·江蘇,閱讀理解)Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomething②__________tomakeyourvisittrulymemorable.不管你的年齡或興趣是什么,巴克斯頓都有一些可以看的東西或可以做的事情讓你的訪問(wèn)真正令人難忘。

(2)用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或no、all、any等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Shewasthefirstwoman③___________thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一個(gè)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的女性。towintoseeordo(3)有些與名詞同形的后跟不定式的動(dòng)詞,它們用作名詞時(shí)也常跟不定式作定語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有promise、plan、attempt、offer等。Idon'ttrusthispromise④__________foravisit.我不相信他來(lái)訪的諾言。

(比較:Hepromisedtocomeforavisit.)tocome

分詞作定語(yǔ)Tip2

1.作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式:現(xiàn)在分詞、“being+過(guò)去分詞”和過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用“being+過(guò)去分詞”;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞。(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,閱讀理解)Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesigners①__________byChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在的西方頂級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)師不僅受到中國(guó)的影響,一些當(dāng)代時(shí)尚界最優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)師也是中國(guó)人。(表被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行)

beinginfluenced(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,閱讀理解)Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,②_________toschoolinthefall.誰(shuí)有資格:15-29歲的學(xué)生,秋季返校。(表主動(dòng))

2.作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式:現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。boilingwater沸騰的水（正在進(jìn)行）boiledwater開(kāi)水（已經(jīng)完成）returningfallingleaves正在下落的葉子（正在進(jìn)行）fallenleaves已經(jīng)落下的葉子（已經(jīng)完成）developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家（正在進(jìn)行）developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家（已經(jīng)完成）3.tobedone、done和beingdone作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別tobedone表被動(dòng)和將來(lái),done表被動(dòng)和完成,beingdone表被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行。HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?你讀過(guò)狄更斯寫(xiě)的這部小說(shuō)嗎?(表被動(dòng)和完成)Listen!Thesong③___________isverypopularwiththestudents.聽(tīng)!正在播放的這首歌非常受學(xué)生們的歡迎。(表被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行)

Thequestion④_____________attomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.明天在會(huì)上將要討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。(表被動(dòng)和將來(lái))

tobediscussedbeingplayed

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

Tip3

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的用途。afishingnet漁網(wǎng)(=anetforfishing)aswimmingpool游泳池(=apoolforswimming)考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)

不定式作狀語(yǔ)

Tip1

1.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性,不定式前還可加inorder或soas,構(gòu)成inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)或soastodo結(jié)構(gòu)。inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以放在句首也可放在句中;soastodo結(jié)構(gòu)只能放在句中。inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)和soastodo結(jié)構(gòu)置于句中時(shí),不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。HermotherplanstoflytoBeijingatleastfourtimesayear(soas/inorder)tovisither.她母親計(jì)劃每年至少四次乘飛機(jī)到北京來(lái)看她。Everydayweareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythings①_____________.我們每一天都受到那些我們遇到的、做著不平凡的事情去改善這個(gè)世界的人的鼓舞。toimprovetheworld2.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用于so...asto、such...asto、enoughto、onlyto(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)、too...to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。I'mnotsostupid②_____________itdown.我不至于愚蠢到把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。

Janehurriedback③______________thathermotherhadleft.簡(jiǎn)匆忙趕回來(lái)卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她的母親已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。

I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.我太累了,不能再熬夜了。注意:onlytoo...to意為“非?！?。常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有pleased、ready、willing、glad、happy等。onlytofindastowriteI'm④_____________havepassedtheexam.考試及格了,我非常高興。

3.不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),后面可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ),說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。常見(jiàn)的用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞有happy、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、pleased等。YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwas⑤______________heryesterday.你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道昨天看到她時(shí),我有多么高興。

toseeonlytoogladto4.在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(形容詞)+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,句子的主語(yǔ)與不定式有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且形容詞表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì),這時(shí),需用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有easy、hard、difficult、important、impossible、interesting、pleasant、nice、comfortable、safe、dangerous等。Thisquestioniseasy⑥_____________.這個(gè)問(wèn)題容易回答。

toanswer

分詞作狀語(yǔ)

Tip2

形式意義doing與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生havingdone與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生done與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表完成beingdone與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生havingbeendone與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生1.分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其形式的選擇2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。為了強(qiáng)調(diào),還可與while、when、once、if、unless等連詞連用。(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,閱讀理解)Whaleyrecallshowatthebeginningoftheyear,when①__________upontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

惠利回憶說(shuō),年初,當(dāng)克里斯被要求閱讀時(shí),他是怎樣借故去洗手間的。(表時(shí)間)Generallyspeaking,②____________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果按照說(shuō)明服用,這種藥沒(méi)有副作用。(表?xiàng)l件)

iftakencalledHeglancedoverather,notingthatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywell.他不經(jīng)意地看了她一下,注意到她雖然個(gè)頭小,但看起來(lái)非常健康。(表結(jié)果)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,③__________airconditioningunnecessary.涼爽的風(fēng)穿過(guò)我們臥室的窗戶,使空調(diào)不再必要。(表結(jié)果)

④_______________manytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.雖然被告訴過(guò)好多次了,但他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。(表讓步)

Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.老師進(jìn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室,后面跟著一些學(xué)生。(表伴隨)

Havingbeentoldmaking

獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)Tip3

有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,它們稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)enerallyspeaking“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”,franklyspeaking“坦白地說(shuō)”,judgingfrom/by...“根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷”,considering.../oconsideration“考慮到”,totellyouthetruth“說(shuō)實(shí)話”,comparedto/with“與……相比”。①______________hisaccent,heisfromHongKong.從口音判斷,他是香港人。

Consideringyourhealth,you'dbetterhavearest.考慮到你的健康(狀況),你最好休息一下。②________________,Iamalittletired.說(shuō)實(shí)話,我有點(diǎn)累。

TotellthetruthJudgingfrom

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Tip4

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),在句子中作狀語(yǔ),我們稱之為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(TheNominativeAbsoluteConstruction)”。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在;(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;(3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子之間一般有逗號(hào)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:(1)名詞/代詞+分詞;(2)名詞/代詞+不定式;(3)with/without+名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式。①_______________(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束后,我們就開(kāi)始放假了。

②_______________(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。

WeatherpermittingThetestfinished考點(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)

Tip1

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作賓語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式。(1)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):suggest、imagine、mind、admit、practice、allow、advise、risk、keep、keepon、avoid、escape、enjoy、consider、finish、miss、insiston、lookforwardto、feellike、getdownto、objectto等。Sheadmitted①______________thecarwithoutinsurance.她承認(rèn)駕駛了這輛沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)的轎車。

havingdriven(2)只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):wish、hope、decide、refuse、promise、pretend、manage、plan、fail、choose、wouldlike等。IfIfail②_________________by7o'clock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.如果七點(diǎn)前我沒(méi)出現(xiàn),我就不會(huì)來(lái)了。

(3)既可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),又可用不定式的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):remember、forget、regret、stop、goon、need、start、begin、try等。forgettodosth忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoingsth忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）toappearstoptodosth停止、中斷做某事（目的是去做另一件事）stopdoingsth停止正在做或經(jīng)常做的事remembertodosth記得去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth記得做過(guò)某事（已做）regrettodosth對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾（未做）regretdoingsth對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔（已做）trytodosth努力做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事meantodosth打算做meandoingsth意味著goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing繼續(xù)（原來(lái)沒(méi)有做完的事情）Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.睡覺(jué)前記得關(guān)燈。Iremember③_________abouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.我記得在報(bào)紙上看過(guò)關(guān)于這次地震的報(bào)道。

(4)it作形式賓語(yǔ),代替真正作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如:主語(yǔ)+feel/find/believe/consider/makeitadj./n.+todosth。IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。reading

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)Tip2

(1)感官動(dòng)詞(see、watch、observe、notice、lookat、hear、listento、feel等)后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done,其中do是省略了to的不定式)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to要還原),doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行,done表被動(dòng)或完成。Themissingboywaslastseen①____________neartheriver.失蹤的男孩最后被看到時(shí)正在河邊玩。

(2)動(dòng)詞let、make、have、get、leave、keep、find后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade②_________________.Healwaysworkshard.保羅不必被迫去學(xué)習(xí)。他總是努力學(xué)習(xí)。

tolearnplaying(3)固定短語(yǔ),如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsbtodosth等。Thepatientwaswarned③___________oilyfood.病人被警告不要吃油膩的食物。

(4)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式:withsb\sthdoing(表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，或表特征)withsthdone（表被動(dòng)或完成，或表狀態(tài)）withsthtodo（表示將來(lái)）nottoeatJohnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.約翰收到了晚餐邀請(qǐng)。由于他的工作完成了,他欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)。Withalotofdifficultproblems④___________,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.由于有許多困難的問(wèn)題要解決,新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處境艱難。

Withthelittleboy⑤_____________theway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.有那個(gè)小男孩帶路,我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了那個(gè)村莊。leadingtosettle易錯(cuò)警示●注意作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(todo、doing、done)之間的區(qū)別,確認(rèn)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng),是正在發(fā)生還是已經(jīng)發(fā)生?！窬唧w分析作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)(即句子賓語(yǔ))之間的邏輯關(guān)系,再結(jié)合動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間(未發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生)來(lái)選擇合適的形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或其他

Tip3

1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式。(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。LearningEnglishisofvitalimportanceforamiddleschoolstudent.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)一個(gè)中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。(2)it作形式主語(yǔ),代替真正作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)句型有“Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth”“Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth”“Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth”“Itis/wasuselessdoing”“It'sawasteoftimedoingsth”等。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)意為“(事、物)令人……的”,而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)意為“(人)感到……的”。(2019·浙江,閱讀理解)Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwas①__________generosityandsympathy.盡管這段視頻看起來(lái)像是新廣告宣傳活動(dòng)的一部分,布里奇斯說(shuō),唯一的目標(biāo)是表現(xiàn)出慷慨和同情。

toshowThenewswas②_________andwewere③________thewholenight.這個(gè)消息令人興奮,我們整個(gè)晚上都非常興奮。excitedexciting3.do/have+sth+but(to)dosth中的不定式用法,此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循“前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,but后則無(wú)to,反之則有to”的原則。Hedidnothingbut④___________.他除了抱怨以外,什么也沒(méi)做。

complain

高考變式訓(xùn)練A卷全國(guó)卷單句填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,64)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

2.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,短文改錯(cuò))Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.這里是“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),故填toperform。此處是固定短語(yǔ)einterestedin...“對(duì)……感興趣”,表示感興趣的狀態(tài),故將interesting改為eresting→interestedtoperform3.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,短文改錯(cuò))Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.4.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ,61)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for_________(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)allthefootballplayers與say之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故將say改成saying。beingsay→saying介詞后接v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。5.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ,65)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

6.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ,68)Whenwegotacall_________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,名詞call與動(dòng)詞say之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故填saying。sayingtoretire名詞plan后接不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。7.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,62)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake________(get)there.

8.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,70)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)we與listen之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故填listening。listeningtoget這里是固定句型“ittakes+時(shí)間+todosth”,故填toget。9.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,短文改錯(cuò))I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.10.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,短文改錯(cuò))Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.wantsb/sthtodosth“希望某人/某物做某事”。have前加toopens→open此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。故將opens改為open。11.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ,短文改錯(cuò))IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.12.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ,63)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_________(die)earlybyrunning.

介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。dyingmanage→managingsucceedindoingsth是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“成功做某事”,故將manage改為managing。13.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ,64)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.

14.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ,70)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的,故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。“when/while+現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)”作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。feedingtoimprove15.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ,短文改錯(cuò))Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.16.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ,70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme_______(stay)andwatch.asktodosth意為“請(qǐng)求做某事”。allowsbtodosth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“允許某人做某事”，故填tosay。tostaywatching→watch17.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ,63)Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.

18.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ,63)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_______(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.

requiresbtodosth表示“要求某人做某事”,被動(dòng)形式為sbberequiredtodosth,表示“某人被要求做某事”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處laying與diggingup,building并列,作included的賓語(yǔ)。layingtoprocess19.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ,64)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

20.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)法填空)Itwasagreathonour_______(invite)backstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.wanttodosth意為“想要做某事”?！癐t'sagreathonourtodosth”意為“做某事很榮幸”,再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處指被邀請(qǐng),故用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。tobeinvitedtoprove21.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ,66)IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_______(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.

22.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ,67)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was,故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞。includedoingsth意為“包括做某事”。introducingpermitted23.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ,完形填空)________(approach)thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.

24.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ,完形填空)Theythenheardawoman'svoice_________(come)fromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.

approach和主語(yǔ)they之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞?？疾閔earsthdoing結(jié)構(gòu),聲音傳來(lái)用主動(dòng)形式,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。comingApproaching25.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ,69)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome.此處考查固定搭配belikelytodosth,意為“很可能做某事”。tobring單句填空1.(2019·浙江,63)Butsomestudentsdidn'twant______(wear)theuniform.

towearwanttodosth意為“想要做某事”。B卷地方卷2.(2019·北京,2)Nervously________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.

3.(2019·北京,4)EarthDay,________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)EarthDay與動(dòng)詞mark是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填marked。markedfacing分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)I與動(dòng)詞face之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故填facing。4.(2019·天津,4)______(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.

5.(2019·天津,10)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_______(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,acourse和design之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。designedLearning此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。6.(2019·江蘇,30)________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

7.(2019·江蘇,32)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.這里是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。morecountries和recognize之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故填recognizing。recognizingToenjoy此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。8.(2019·江蘇,34)Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,_______(reflect)man'sintelligenceandcreativity.

9.(2018·天津,7)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph________(take).

havesthdone意思是“請(qǐng)人做某事;讓某事被做”。takenreflecting此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。10.(2018·天津,12)Ididn'tmean_______(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelp_______(try)it.

11.(2018·浙江,59)Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyears.

rememberdoingsth“記得做過(guò)某事”。visitingtoeattryingmeantodosth“打算做某事”;can'thelpdoingsth“情不自禁做某事”。12.(2018·北京,3)________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

13.(2018·北京,6)DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembers