INCA-7.2案例教程(中英版)

ETASGmbH ContentETASGmbH內(nèi)容Content內(nèi)容1Introduction引言71.1IntendedUse預(yù)期用途71.2SafetyInformation安全信息71.3TypographicConventions字體設(shè)計(jì)慣例71.4ListofAbbreviations縮寫(xiě)列表82INCABasics印加基礎(chǔ)92.1Concepts概念92.2ConceptsAppliedtotheCalibrationProcess校準(zhǔn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)用的概念133Preparation準(zhǔn)備154Lesson:CreatingtheDatabase課程:創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)174.1Objectives目標(biāo)174.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念174.3Tasks任務(wù).1CreateaNewDatabase創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù).2CreateaTopFolderintheDatabase在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Top文件夾184.4Questions問(wèn)題214.5Summary摘要215Lesson:SettingUpaWorkspace建立一個(gè)工作區(qū)225.1Objectives目標(biāo)225.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念225.3Tasks任務(wù).1CreateaWorkspace創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工作區(qū).2CreateandAssignaProject創(chuàng)建和分配一個(gè)項(xiàng)目245.3.3ConfiguretheProjectHardware285.3.3配置項(xiàng)目硬件5.4Questions問(wèn)題355.5Summary摘要356Lesson:SettingUpanExperiment課程:建立一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)366.1Objectives目標(biāo)366.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念366.3Tasks任務(wù)3.1CreateandAssignanExperiment創(chuàng)建并分配一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)36INCAV7.2-Tutorial 3INCAV7.2-教程3ETASGmbH內(nèi)容.2RuntheExperiment進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)3.3SelecttheVariablesUsedintheExperiment選擇實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的變量3.4ConfiguringtheDisplayoftheExperiment配置實(shí)驗(yàn)的顯示466.4Questions問(wèn)題546.5Summary摘要547Lesson:Measuring經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn):測(cè)量557.1Objectives目標(biāo)557.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念557.3Tasks任務(wù)5.1LoadtheLambdaCalibrationExperiment加載Lambda校準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)5.2StartandStopaMeasurementwithoutRecording在沒(méi)有記錄的情況下啟動(dòng)和停止測(cè)量5.3AnalyzingMeasurementsintheYT-OscilloscopeYt-示波器中的測(cè)量分析5.4CreateaRecorderforManualRecordings為手動(dòng)錄音創(chuàng)建一個(gè)記錄器60.5MakeaRecordingUsingaFixedRecordingInterval使用固定的錄音間隔錄音6.6CreatingaRecorderforanAutomatedMeasurement為自動(dòng)化測(cè)量創(chuàng)建記錄器6.7PerformRecordings錄音707.4Questions問(wèn)題757.5Summary摘要758Lesson:Calibration課程:校準(zhǔn)768.1Objectives目標(biāo)768.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念768.3Tasks任務(wù)7.1AddCalibrationVariablestotheExperiment在實(shí)驗(yàn)中加入校準(zhǔn)變量7.2SwitchBetweentheReferenceandWorkingDatasets在參考數(shù)據(jù)集和工作數(shù)據(jù)集之間切換8.3DownloadtheCurrentVersionoftheCalibrationDatatotheECU下載校正數(shù)據(jù)的當(dāng)前版本到ECU828.3.4ShowProcessPoint838.3.4顯示過(guò)程點(diǎn).5PerformtheCalibrationTask執(zhí)行校正任務(wù)8.6SavetheNewCalibrationDataset保存新的校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集8.7EditSeveralCalibrationVariablesandActivatethematOnce編輯幾個(gè)校準(zhǔn)變量并立即激活它們898.4Questions問(wèn)題958.5Summary摘要959Lesson:ManagingCalibrationDatasets課程:管理校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集969.1Objectives目標(biāo)969.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念96INCAV7.2-Tutorial 4INCAV7.2-教程4ETASGmbHContent內(nèi)容9.3Tasks任務(wù)9.1StarttheCDM啟動(dòng)清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制9.2CompareCalibrationDatasets比較校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集100.3ListCalibrationDatasets列出校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集10.4CopyCalibrationDatasets復(fù)制校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集1019.4Questions問(wèn)題1059.5Summary摘要10510Lesson:DataManagement課程:數(shù)據(jù)管理10610.1Objectives目標(biāo)10610.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念10610.3Tasks任務(wù)106.1ExporttheDatabase導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)106.2CreateanEmptyDatabase創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)10710.3.310.3.3ImporttheExportedDatabaseintotheEmptyDatabase導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)到空數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)10710.3.410.3.4ReuseElementsofExperiments重復(fù)使用實(shí)驗(yàn)的元素10910.3.510.3.5ManageDatabaseObjects管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象11010.4Questions問(wèn)題11110.5Summary摘要11111Lesson:Settingsanduserprofiles設(shè)置和用戶(hù)配置文件11211.1Objectives目標(biāo)11211.2ReviewoftheMostImportantConcepts回顧最重要的概念11211.3Tasks任務(wù)11.1EnabletheUseofUserProfiles允許使用用戶(hù)檔案11.2CreateaNewUser創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新用戶(hù)11311.3.311.3.3ChangetotheNewUserProfile更改為新的用戶(hù)配置文件11311.3.411.3.4MakingChangestoaUserProfile對(duì)用戶(hù)資料進(jìn)行更改11411.3.511.3.5ImportingUserOptions導(dǎo)入用戶(hù)選項(xiàng)11611.4Questions問(wèn)題11811.5Summary摘要11812Appendix附錄11912.1Answers答案119.1Lesson:CreatingtheDatabase課程:創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)119.2Lesson:SettingUpaWorkspace建立一個(gè)工作區(qū)11912.1.312.1.3Lesson:SettingUpanExperiment課程:建立一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)119INCAV7.2-Tutorial 5INCAV7.2-教程5ETASGmbH埃塔斯有限公司Content內(nèi)容12.1.412.1.4Lesson:Measuring經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn):測(cè)量11912.1.512.1.5Lesson:Calibration課程:校準(zhǔn)11912.1.612.1.6Lesson:ManagingCalibrationDatasets課程:管理校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集11912.1.712.1.7Lesson:DataManagement課程:數(shù)據(jù)管理12012.1.812.1.8Lesson:SettingsandUserProfiles課程:設(shè)置和用戶(hù)配置文件12012.2FurtherReading延伸閱讀12012.3BackgroundInformationonInterfaces接口的背景信息12.1OpenInterfaces開(kāi)放接口12.2StandardInterfacesBasedontheASAM-MCDModel基于ASAM-MCD模型的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口12313ETASContactAddressesETAS聯(lián)系地址130Figures我就知道131INCAV7.2-Tutorial 6INCAV7.2-教程6ETASGmbH 1IntroductionETASGmbH1簡(jiǎn)介1簡(jiǎn)介T(mén)histutorialteachestheINCAnoviceallelementarystepsapplicabletotwotyp-icaltasksperformedwithINCA:measurementandcalibration.ThetutorialdoesnotrequireanyknowledgeofINCA.本教程教授INCA新手所有基本步驟，適用于兩個(gè)典型的任務(wù)執(zhí)行與INCA:測(cè)量和校準(zhǔn)。本教程不需要任何有關(guān)INCA的知識(shí)。IntendedUseINCAwasdevelopedandapprovedforautomotiveapplicationsandproceduresasdescribedintheuserdocumentationforINCAandINCAadd-ons.Foruseinotherapplicationareas,contactyourETASsalesrepresentative.INCA是為汽車(chē)應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)和核準(zhǔn)的，如INCA和INCA附加組件的用戶(hù)文件所述。如需在其他應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域使用，請(qǐng)與您的ETAS銷(xiāo)售代表聯(lián)系。SafetyInformationAdheretotheETASSafetyAdviceforINCAandtothesafetyinstructionsgivenintheonlinehelpandPDFmanuals.遵守針對(duì)INCA的ETAS安全建議，以及在線(xiàn)幫助和PDF手冊(cè)中給出的安全WARNING警告WARNING警告CalibrationactivitiesinfluencethebehavioroftheECUandthesystemscon-trolledbytheECU.Thismayresultinunexpectedbehaviorofthevehicleandthuscanleadtosafetycriticalsituations.校準(zhǔn)活動(dòng)影響ECU和ECU控制的系統(tǒng)的行為。這可能導(dǎo)致車(chē)輛的意外行為，從而可能導(dǎo)致安全關(guān)鍵情況。Onlywelltrainedpersonnelshouldbeallowedtoperformcalibrationactivities.只有訓(xùn)練有素的人員才能進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)活動(dòng)。WARNINGWARNING警告SendingoutCANmessagesinfluencesthebehavioroftheCANbusnetworkandthesystemsconnectedtoit.Thismayresultinunexpectedbehaviorofthevehicleandthuscanleadtosafetycriticalsituations.發(fā)送CAN消息會(huì)影響CAN總線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其連接的系統(tǒng)的行為。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致車(chē)輛的意外行為，從而導(dǎo)致安全危急的情況。OnlywelltrainedpersonnelshouldbeallowedtoperformCANmessagesend-ingactivities.只有訓(xùn)練有素的人員才能進(jìn)行CAN信息發(fā)送活動(dòng)。ETASGmbHcannotbemadeliablefordamagewhichiscausedbyincorrectuseandnotadheringtothesafetyinstructions.ETAS有限公司不能對(duì)不正確使用和不遵守安全說(shuō)明所造成的損害負(fù)責(zé)。TypographicConventionsThefollowingtypographicconventionsareusedinthetaskdescriptions:在任務(wù)描述中使用了以下排版約定:SelectDatabaseNewmeans"Selectitem'New'from"the'Database'menu."SelectDatabaseNew意思是“從‘Database’菜單中選擇‘New’項(xiàng)?！盋lickOKmeans"clicktheOKbutton".單擊OK表示“單擊OK按鈕”。INCAV7.2-Tutorial 7INCAV7.2-教程7ETASGmbH 1IntroductionETASGmbH1簡(jiǎn)介Enterstringmeansentertheliteralstring.Generally,itemswrittenlikethisareliteral,withthefollowingexception:輸入字符串意味著輸入字符串。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣寫(xiě)的項(xiàng)目都是字符串，除了以下例外:Enter<INCA-drive>\INCA\exp1.txtmeans"substitutethedrivewhereINCAisinstalledfor<INCA-drive>whenenteringthestring."Soif輸入<INCA-drive>INCAexp1.txt表示“當(dāng)輸入字符串時(shí)，將INCA安裝的驅(qū)動(dòng)器替換為<INCA-drive>?！盜NCAisinstalledonthec:drivethisinstructionmeans"Enterc:\INCA\-exp1.txt."INCA安裝在c:drive上，該指令表示“Enterc:INCA-exp1.txt”TheINCAmainwindow,thewindowyouseeafterstartingupINCA,isreferredtoastheDatabaseManagerthroughoutthetutorial.INCA主窗口，你在啟動(dòng)INCA后看到的窗口，在整個(gè)教程中被稱(chēng)為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理器。Itisrecommendedthatyouuseamousetointeractwiththegraphicaluserinter-facethatispresentedintheinstructionsinthistutorial.Besidesthismethod,INCAallowsyoutoaccessthesamefunctionalityusingacceleratorkeycodes(e.g.<SHIFT>+<F3>)ortoolbars(icons).建議您使用鼠標(biāo)與本教程中的說(shuō)明中提供的圖形用戶(hù)界面進(jìn)行交互。除了這個(gè)方法，INCA允許你使用加速器密鑰代碼訪(fǎng)問(wèn)相同的功能。Shift>+<f3>)或工具欄(圖標(biāo))。ListofAbbreviationsThismanualusesthefollowingabbreviations:本手冊(cè)使用以下縮寫(xiě):AUTOSAR–AUTomotiveOpenSystemARchitectureAUTOSAR-汽車(chē)開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)ASAM-MCD–AssociationforStandardisationofAutomationandMeas-uringSystems(Measurement,CalibrationandDiagnosis)自動(dòng)化和多邊環(huán)境協(xié)會(huì)測(cè)量、校準(zhǔn)和診斷系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)會(huì)CAN–BusSystemforDataCommunication(ControllerAreaNetwork)CAN總線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)(控制器局域網(wǎng)路)CCP–CANCalibrationProtocol,standardprotocolbasedonMCD-1aCCP-CAN校準(zhǔn)協(xié)議，基于MCD-1a的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議CDM–CalibrationDataCDM-校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)管理器DB–Database數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)DBM–DatabaseManagerDBM-數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理器ECU–ElectronicControlUnit電子控制單元EE–ExperimentEnvironmentEE-實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境ETK–Emulator-Tastkopf(emulatortestprobe)ETK-Emulator-Tastkopf()EXP–ExperimentEXP-實(shí)驗(yàn)FIBEX–FieldBusExchange現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)交換機(jī)HWC–HardwareConfiguration硬件配置INCA–INtegratedCalibrationandAcquisitionSystems綜合校準(zhǔn)和采集系統(tǒng)MDA–MeasureDataMDA-測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析儀MDF–MeasurementDataFormat測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)格式RP–ReferenceRP-參考頁(yè)面WP–WorkingWP-工作頁(yè)WS–WorkWS-工作空間XCP–eXtendedCalibrationProtocol擴(kuò)展校正協(xié)議INCAV7.2-Tutorial 8INCAV7.2-Tutorial8INCAV7.2-教程8ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)INCABasicsINCABasics2印加基礎(chǔ)INCAisameasuring,calibration,anddiagnosticsystemthatprovidescom-prehensivemeasuringsupport.INCAaidsyouinallessentialtasksduringcon-trolunitcalibration,evaluatesthemeasureddata,anddocumentsthecalibrationresults.INCA是一個(gè)測(cè)量，校準(zhǔn)和診斷系統(tǒng)，提供全面的測(cè)量支持。INCA協(xié)助您完成控制單元校準(zhǔn)過(guò)程中的所有基本任務(wù)，評(píng)估測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，并記錄校準(zhǔn)結(jié)果。INCAletsyoureadmeasureddatafromthecontrolunitandtheengineinpar-allel.Theprogramhelpsyoudeterminemeasuredenginedatasuchaslambda,differenttemperaturesandvoltagevalues,etc.WithINCA,youdon'tjustgetatoolthatwilladapttoavarietyofdifferentcontrolunits,butalsoasystemthatwilloptimizeawiderangeofdifferentvehiclecomponents.INCA允許你并行地讀取來(lái)自控制單元和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。該程序幫助您確定測(cè)量的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)，如lambda，不同的溫度和電壓值等。使用INCA，你不僅可以得到一個(gè)能適應(yīng)各種不同控制單元的工具，還可以得到一個(gè)能夠優(yōu)化各種不同車(chē)輛部件的系統(tǒng)。INCAisan"opensystem".ConsistentimplementationoftheASAM-MCDstand-ardandsupportfordataexchangeformatsthatareestablishedinthisenvir-onmentallowthisprogramtobeusedforanyECUinterfaces(canbecustomizedtoanymanufacturer'scontrolunits)andtobeintegratedinexistingdataprocessinginfrastructures.INCA是一個(gè)“開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)”。ASAM-MCD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一致實(shí)施以及對(duì)在這種環(huán)境下建立的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式的支持，使得該程序可以用于任何ECU接口(可以定制到任何制造商的控制單元)，并集成到現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)處理基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中。INCAconsistsofameasurementandcalibrationcoresystemwhichcanbeenhancedbyvariousadd-onsandcustomizedextensions(e.g.INCA-MIP,INCA-QM-BASIC,INCA-FLEXRAY)thatcanbeintegratedinINCA.Inadditiontothat,INCAoffersopeninterfaceswhichallowfortheadaptationofINCAcorecapabilitiesaswellastheremotecontrolofINCAbyotherapplications.Formoreinformation,seethe"OpenInterfaces"onpage121.INCA由一個(gè)測(cè)量和校準(zhǔn)核心系統(tǒng)組成，可以通過(guò)各種附加組件和定制擴(kuò)展(例如INCA-mip、INCA-qm-basic、INCA-flexray)加以增強(qiáng)，這些組件可以集成在INCA中。除此之外，INCA提供了開(kāi)放的接口，允許適應(yīng)INCA核心能力以及其他應(yīng)用程序?qū)NCA的遠(yuǎn)程控制。欲了解更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱第121頁(yè)的“開(kāi)放接口”。Fig.2-1: INCASystemOverview圖2-1:INCA系統(tǒng)概述ConceptsThissectionintroducesthemainconceptsandproceduresusedinthetutorial:本節(jié)介紹本教程中使用的主要概念和過(guò)程:INCAV7.2-Tutorial 9INCAV7.2-教程9ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)Measurementtask測(cè)量任務(wù)Thestateoftheengineisassessedusingsensors.AsensormeasuresanengineparameterandmakesthevalueavailabletotheECUasanum-ber.Themeasurementtaskconsistsofsamplingallsensorvaluesoveracertainperiodoftime,andrecordingthem.Theresultingrecorddoc-umentstheenginebehaviorforacertainsetofcalibrationvalues.ECU。測(cè)量任務(wù)包括在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)所有的傳感器值進(jìn)行采樣，并記錄下來(lái)。由此產(chǎn)生的記錄記錄了某一組校準(zhǔn)值的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)行為。Calibrationtask校正任務(wù)ItisthetaskoftheECU(ElectronicControlUnit)tocontroltheenginesoitexhibitsadesiredbehavior.TheECUusesafeedbackprocesstodothis:itmeasuresthestateoftheengineusingsensors,andthenchangesthestateoftheenginetowardsthedesiredbehaviorusingactuators.Thenewstateismeasuredandadjustedagainandagain,untilanequilibriumisreached.Calibrationistheprocessofadjustingthefeedbackpara-metersinsuchawaythatthecarexhibitsthedesiredbehaviorwhentheequilibriumstateisreached.Becausethestateofthecarchangesasitisdriven,therearemanyoftheseequilibriumstates,usuallycalledprocesspoints.Acarisnon-linearsystem,andthecontrolalgorithmcannotrelyonmathematicstodeterminethefeedbackvalues.Insteaditlooksuptherequiredactuatorsettingsinasetoftables,usingthesensorvaluesaslookupcriterion.Thecalibrationtaskconsistsofsettingthevaluesinthetables.ThesameECUcanhavedifferentvalidsetsofcalibrationval-uesimplementingadifferentbehavior,onesetforafastcar,forexample,andanothersetforaneconomicalcar.這是ECU(電子控制單元)的任務(wù)，以控制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，使其顯示所需的行為。ECU使用一個(gè)反饋過(guò)程來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn):它使用傳感器來(lái)測(cè)量發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的狀態(tài)，然后使用執(zhí)行器來(lái)改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的狀態(tài)以達(dá)到預(yù)期的行為。新的狀態(tài)被一次中的值。相同的ECU可以具有不同的有效校準(zhǔn)值集合，實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的行為，例如，一組用于快速汽車(chē)，另一組用于經(jīng)濟(jì)型汽車(chē)。MemoryEmulation內(nèi)存仿真Classically,theECUmemoryconsistsofread-onlymemoryforcal-ibrationdata.Thismeansthatthecalibrationdatacan'tbechangeddir-ectly.Youusehardware,suchastheES1000systemincombinationwithINCA,tobridgetheECU'sread-onlymemorywithrandomaccessmemory.ThecalibrationdataarethenloadedintotheINCArandomaccessmemory,enablingcalibratorstochangethedataontheflywithouthavingtochangethecontentsoftheactualECUmemory.ECU存儲(chǔ)器由校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)的只讀內(nèi)存組成。這意味著校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)不能直接更改。您使用硬件，如ES1000INCA結(jié)合，以橋接ECU的只讀內(nèi)存與隨機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)內(nèi)存。校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)然后加載到INCA隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器，使校準(zhǔn)器可以改變數(shù)據(jù)的飛行，而不必改變實(shí)際的ECU存儲(chǔ)器的內(nèi)容。SomemodernECUsusetheCANbusprotocol,whichprovidescal-ibrationsupport.IfCANcalibrationsupportisimplementedintheECUpro-gram,itispossibletochangetheECUdataontheflywithouthavingtoemulatetheECUmemory.TomakeCANpossibletheECUcontainsaprogrammablesemi-permanentmemory,thecontentsofwhichremainsavailableafterapowercycle.一些現(xiàn)代ECUs使用CAN總線(xiàn)協(xié)議，提供校準(zhǔn)支持。如果在ECU程序中實(shí)現(xiàn)了CAN校準(zhǔn)支持，就有可能實(shí)時(shí)更改ECU數(shù)據(jù)而無(wú)需模擬ECU存儲(chǔ)器。為了使CAN成為可能，ECU包含可編程的半永久存儲(chǔ)器，其內(nèi)容在電源循環(huán)后仍然可用。Variables,measurevariables,calibrationvariables(characteristics,curves,andmaps)變量，測(cè)量變量，校準(zhǔn)變量(特征，曲線(xiàn)和地圖)Thetermvariableisusedasacollectivenameforbothmeasurevari-ablesandalltypesofcalibrationvariables.術(shù)語(yǔ)變量用作測(cè)量變量和所有類(lèi)型的校準(zhǔn)變量的集合名稱(chēng)。Ingeneral,ameasurevariableisavaluepassedbyasensor,andcanbeusedasalookupvalueforcalibrationvariables.Moreover,itispossibletomeasurederivedorcalculatedcharacteristics,or,withcorrespondingset-tings,alsocalibrationvariables.量。Therearethreetypesofcalibrationvariables:有三種類(lèi)型的校準(zhǔn)變量:INCAV7.2-Tutorial 10INCAV7.2-教程10ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)CharacteristicsarefixedvaluesusedasconstantsbytheECUpro-gramaftertheyareadjustedduringthecalibrationprocess.特性是在校準(zhǔn)過(guò)程中調(diào)整ECU程序作為常量使用的固定值。TheECUuseslook-uptabletodeterminetherequiredvalueofanactuatorsettingasafunctionofmeasurevariables(seeCal-ibrationTask).Ifonevariableisusedtolookuponeoutputvalue,thetableiscalledacurve,becauseitcanberepresentedgraph-icallyasanxy-curve.ECU使用查找表來(lái)確定作為測(cè)量變量函數(shù)的執(zhí)行器設(shè)置所需的值(參見(jiàn)cal校準(zhǔn)任務(wù))。如果使用一個(gè)變量來(lái)查找一個(gè)輸出值，則該表稱(chēng)為曲線(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗梢砸詧D形方式表示為xy曲線(xiàn)。Alook-uptableusingtwoormoremeasurevariablestofindoneoutputvalueiscalledamap,becauseoftheanalogytoanelev-ationmap;thinkoftheinputvariablesasthecoordinates,andtheoutputvalueastheelevationofacertainlocationonthemap.Mapsthatderivetheoutputvaluefromthreeormoreinputvaluesarecalledmulti-dimensionalmaps.使用兩個(gè)或多個(gè)測(cè)量變量來(lái)查找一個(gè)輸出值的查找表稱(chēng)為map，因?yàn)樗?lèi)似于海拔地圖;可以將輸入變量視為坐標(biāo)，將輸出值視為地圖上某個(gè)位置的海拔。從三個(gè)或更多的輸入值得到輸出值的map被稱(chēng)為多維映射。Processpoint過(guò)程點(diǎn)Foranycurveormap,theprocesspointisthecurrentlookupvaluepassedtotheECU.Theprocesspointchangeswiththevalueofthemeasurevariableusedaslookupcriterionintothecurveormap.Thepro-cesspointcanbevisualizedonthemap;inatabularcalibrationeditorthecellholdingthecurrentlookupvalueis'selected'.Astheprocesspointchanges,theselectionmovesacrossthecellsofthetable.對(duì)于任何曲線(xiàn)或地圖，進(jìn)程點(diǎn)是傳遞給ECU的當(dāng)前查找值。進(jìn)程點(diǎn)隨著用作曲線(xiàn)或映射查找標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量變量的值而變化。工藝點(diǎn)可以在地圖上可視化;在表格校準(zhǔn)編輯器中，保存當(dāng)前查找值的單元格被“選中”。隨著工藝點(diǎn)的變化，選擇在表格的單元格之間移動(dòng)。DatabaseandDatabaseManager數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理器Alldatacreatedwhileperformingcalibrationandmeasurementtasks(workspaces,experiments,projects,datasets,measurementvariablescatalogues,andCAN-DBdescriptions)arekeptinadatabase.InordertoeffectivelyuseandorganizethedataINCAfeaturestheDatabaseMan-ager,allowingyoutoaccess,reorganizeandcreatedatathroughagraph-icaluserinterface.TheDatabaseManageristheINCAmainwindow,whichisthewindowyouseeafterstartingupINCA.在執(zhí)行校準(zhǔn)和測(cè)量任務(wù)時(shí)創(chuàng)建的所有數(shù)據(jù)(CAN-DB描述)都保存在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中。為了有效地使用和組織數(shù)據(jù)，INCA具有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理器功能，允許您通過(guò)圖形用戶(hù)界面訪(fǎng)問(wèn)、重新組織和創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理器是INCA的主窗口，也就是你在啟動(dòng)INCA后看到的窗口。INCAcanhandlemorethanonedatabaseatatime.Thisallowsyoutosegmentyourdataintoseveralsets,eachcorrespondingtoasingleexper-imentorvehicle,andstorethemintheirowndatabase.ThismakesthedatamoretransparentandenhancesINCA'sperformance.INCA可以同時(shí)處理多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。這允許你將你的數(shù)據(jù)分割成幾組，每一組對(duì)應(yīng)于一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)或車(chē)輛，并將它們存儲(chǔ)在自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中。這使得數(shù)據(jù)更加透明，提高了INCA的性能。Workspace工作空間Aworkspaceistheumbrellacombiningtheexperiment,theproject,andthehardwareconfigurationintoaconsistentfilesetyoucansaveandloadbetweencalibrationsessions.工作區(qū)是把實(shí)驗(yàn)、項(xiàng)目和硬件配置結(jié)合到一個(gè)一致的文件集中的一把傘，你可以在校準(zhǔn)會(huì)話(huà)之間保存和加載它。Experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)Anexperimentisapredefinedsetofwindowsfilledwiththosevariablesandmapsneededtoperformacertaincalibrationormeasurementtask.AnexperimentisstoredinthedatabaseandallowsyoutoquicklysetupINCAforacertaintaskbyloadingit.實(shí)驗(yàn)是一組預(yù)定義的窗口，里面填滿(mǎn)了執(zhí)行某項(xiàng)校準(zhǔn)或測(cè)量任務(wù)所需的變量和地圖。一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，通過(guò)加載它，你可以快速地為某個(gè)任務(wù)設(shè)置INCA。INCAV7.2-Tutorial 11INCAV7.2-教程11ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)Project項(xiàng)目Aprojectconsistsofthedefinitionofallvaluesrelatedtocalibration,andadatasetreflectingacertainversionoftheECUprogramandcalibrationvalues.Theprojectisstoredintwofiles:a*.a2landa*.hexfile,andref-erencedinthedatabase.一個(gè)項(xiàng)目包括與校準(zhǔn)相關(guān)的所有值的定義，以及反映ECU程序和校準(zhǔn)值的特定版本的數(shù)據(jù)集。該項(xiàng)目存儲(chǔ)在兩個(gè)文件中:。A2l和a*。十六進(jìn)制文件，并在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中引用。Thea2ldescriptionfile(*.a2l)containsthephysicaldescriptionofthedataand/orparametersofthecontrolunitprogram,e.g.:A2l描述文件(*.a2l)包含控制單元程序的數(shù)據(jù)和/或參數(shù)的物理描述，例如:Structuralinformation結(jié)構(gòu)信息Memorysize內(nèi)存大小Addressranges(e.g.ofeachmeasuredsignalandparameter)地址范圍(例如每個(gè)測(cè)量信號(hào)和參數(shù))Namesofthemeasuredsignalsandparameters測(cè)量信號(hào)和參數(shù)的名稱(chēng)Thehexfile(*.hex,*.s19;IntelhexorMotorolaformat)containsthecontrolunitprogramconsistingofthecodeandthedata.Thecontentsofthisfilecanbedirectlyloadedintothecontrolunitandexecutedbytherespectiveprocessor.十六進(jìn)制文件(*。十六進(jìn)制。S19;Intel十六進(jìn)制或摩托羅拉格式)包到控制單元，并由相應(yīng)的處理器執(zhí)行。HardwareConfiguration硬件配置Thehardwareconfigurationdefinesthehardwareusedforacertaintaskand,forapplicationhardware,theprojecttobeusedandthecor-respondingdataset.硬件配置定義了用于特定任務(wù)的硬件，以及用于應(yīng)用程序硬件的項(xiàng)目和相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)集。Dataset數(shù)據(jù)集Thevaluesmakingupthecharacteristics,curvesandmapsarestoredinpermanentmemoryintheECU,andaccessedbytheECUprocessor.Asetofcalibrationvaluesstoredinthedatabaseiscalledadataset.Data-setsareversioned;acertainversioncorrespondstoacertaincalibratedbehavior.Datasetsarestoredin*.hexor*.s19filesandreferencedinthedatabase.構(gòu)成特征、曲線(xiàn)和映射的值存儲(chǔ)在ECU的永久內(nèi)存中，并由ECU處理器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的一組校準(zhǔn)值稱(chēng)為數(shù)據(jù)集。數(shù)據(jù)集被版本化;一個(gè)特定的版本對(duì)應(yīng)于一個(gè)特定的校準(zhǔn)行為。數(shù)據(jù)集存儲(chǔ)在*。六角形或*。在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中引用的s19文件。INCAprovidestheMemoryPageManagertomanagedifferentdatasets(workingandreferencedatasets).Thisisaversatiletoolwhichyoucanusetocopymemorycontentsinanydirection.Forexample,itallowsyoutoreaddataversionsintoandfromthecontrolunitorcopydatafromtheworkingdataversiontothereferencedataversionorviceversa.INCA提供內(nèi)存頁(yè)面管理器來(lái)管理不同的數(shù)據(jù)集(工作和參考數(shù)據(jù)集)。這是一個(gè)多功能的工具，你可以用來(lái)復(fù)制任何方向的內(nèi)存內(nèi)容。例如，它允許您將數(shù)據(jù)版本讀入或從控制單元讀出，或?qū)?shù)據(jù)從工作數(shù)據(jù)版本復(fù)制到參考數(shù)據(jù)版本，反之亦然。ThedifferentdatasetsoftheworkingpageandreferencepagearestoredseparatelyinINCAastheworkingdatasetandtheread-onlyreferencedataset.Read-onlydatasetsareidentifiedbyaredframe.工作頁(yè)和參考頁(yè)的不同數(shù)據(jù)集作為工作數(shù)據(jù)集和只讀參考數(shù)據(jù)集分別存儲(chǔ)在INCA中。只讀數(shù)據(jù)集通過(guò)紅色框架標(biāo)識(shí)。WhenloadingthefirstHEXfile,thecodeportionismappedtothecontrolunitproject(transparenttotheuser).ThedataportionofthisHEXfileisstoredastheso-called"Master"dataset.Themasterdatasetisthenusedtoalsocreatetherequiredworkingdataset.當(dāng)加載第一個(gè)HEX文件時(shí)，代碼部分映射到控制單元項(xiàng)目(對(duì)用戶(hù)透明)。HEX文件的數(shù)據(jù)部分被存儲(chǔ)為所謂的“Master”數(shù)據(jù)集。然后主數(shù)據(jù)集也被用來(lái)創(chuàng)建所需的工作數(shù)據(jù)集。Userprofile用戶(hù)資料AuserprofileisacollectionofsettingsforacertainuserdeterminingthelookandfeeloftheINCAuserinterface.Aprofilecanbesavedandloadedbetweensessions.ThisallowsuserstoquicklyconfiguretheINCAuserinterfacesettingstofittheirrequirements.Profilesettingsincludestartbehavior,windowsize,windowarrangement,pathsandmanymore.用戶(hù)配置文件是用于確定INCA用戶(hù)界面外觀和感覺(jué)的特定用戶(hù)的設(shè)置集合。一個(gè)配置文件可以在會(huì)話(huà)之間保存和加載。這允許用戶(hù)快速配置INCA用戶(hù)界面設(shè)置來(lái)滿(mǎn)足他們的需求。配置文件設(shè)置包括開(kāi)始行為，窗口大小，窗口排列，路徑等等。INCAV7.2-Tutorial 12INCAV7.2-教程12ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)MeasureDataAnalyzerMeasureDataAnalyzer測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析儀TheMeasureDataAnalysis(MDA)programisanofflineinstrumentfordisplayingandanalyzingrecordedmeasurementdata.Itrunsinitsownprogramwindowandworksindisplaymodeorinanalysismode.ItsappearanceandfunctionsresemblethoseofanoscilloscopeintheINCAExperimentEnvironment.Onlinemeasurement,however,isnotpossibleinMDA.測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析(MDA)程序是顯示和分析記錄的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的離線(xiàn)儀器。它在自己的程序窗口中運(yùn)行，在顯示模式或分析模式下工作。它的外觀和功能類(lèi)似于INCA實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中的示波器。然而，在線(xiàn)測(cè)量在MDA中是不可能的。ConceptsAppliedtotheCalibrationProcessFig.2-2showsthecalibrationcycle,andtheroleofINCAinthemeasurementandcalibrationprocesses.Theengine'sbehaviorisdictatedbycalibrationdatapresentintheECU.Duringacalibrationsessionthecalibratorworksonthecal-ibrationdatatooptimizetheengine'sbehavior.2-2INCA在測(cè)量和校準(zhǔn)過(guò)程中的作用。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的ECU中存在的校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)決定。在校準(zhǔn)會(huì)議期間，校準(zhǔn)器工作的校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)，以?xún)?yōu)化發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的行為。Fig.2-2: TheCalibrationandMeasurementApplications圖2-2:校準(zhǔn)和測(cè)量應(yīng)用ByemulatingpartsoftheECU'smemoryINCAallowsdynamicchangestothecalibrationdata.通過(guò)模擬ECU的內(nèi)存部分，INCA允許對(duì)校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)更改。Byprovidingawindowontheon-linedataintheECUINCAallowscalibratorstoinspecttheengine'sbehaviorandseeiftheirchangeshavethedesiredeffect.通過(guò)在ECUINCA中提供一個(gè)在線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)窗口，允許校準(zhǔn)器檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的行為，看看他們的變化是否有預(yù)期的效果。TherecordingcapabilitiesintegratedintoINCAallowtestertopresentthetestdatainareport.集成到INCA中的記錄功能允許測(cè)試人員在報(bào)告中顯示測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)。Fig.2-3showsafunctionalblockdiagramofINCA.INCAinterfaceswiththeECUandcandirectlyaccessitsmemory.AgraphicaluserinterfaceallowstheusertointeractwiththeECU.圖2-3顯示了INCA的功能框圖。INCA與ECU接口，可以直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)其內(nèi)存。圖形用戶(hù)界面允許用戶(hù)與ECU交互。INCAV7.2-Tutorial 13INCAV7.2-教程13ETASGmbH 2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCABasicsETASGmbH2INCA基礎(chǔ)Fig.2-3: Memoryemulation圖2-3:內(nèi)存仿真INCAcanemulatetheECUINCA可以模擬ECU內(nèi)存。TheECUthenusesthedatainINCAasiftheywereitsown.然后ECU將INCA中的數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)作自己的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)使用。ThisallowsthecalibratortomanipulatethecalibrationdataandECUprogramontheflywithouthavingtochangetheactualECUmemory.這允許校準(zhǔn)器動(dòng)態(tài)操作校準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)和ECU程序，而不必改變實(shí)際的ECU內(nèi)存。INCAcanaccesstheECUmemorydirectly.Measurementscanberecordedtobeusedinreports.印卡可以直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)ECU存儲(chǔ)器。測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)可以記錄在報(bào)告中使用。INCAV7.2-Tutorial 14INCAV7.2-Tutorial14INCAV7.2-教程14ETASGmbH 3PreparationETAS有限公司3制劑3準(zhǔn)備Beforestartingwiththetutorialyoumustpreparethesystem.在開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)本教程之前，必須準(zhǔn)備好系統(tǒng)。YoumusthaveanINCAsysteminstalledandrunningonthecomputeryouwanttouseforthetutorial.INCAcanbestartedfromanicononthedesktop,orfromtheStartmenu.你必須有一個(gè)INCA系統(tǒng)安裝和運(yùn)行在你想要用于教程的計(jì)算機(jī)上。INCA可以從桌面上的圖標(biāo)啟動(dòng)，也可以從Start菜單啟動(dòng)。Note注釋Thetasksinthetutorialcanbeperformedindemomode,meaningyoudonotneedanyactualhardware.ThehardwareissimulatedbytheETKTestDeviceandtheVADITestDevice.ThedevicesareinstalledalongwiththeINCAsoft-ware;youdonothavetoinstallthemseparately.本教程中的任務(wù)可以在演示模式下執(zhí)行，這意味著您不需要任何實(shí)際的硬件。硬件由ETKTestDevice和VADITestDevice模擬。這些設(shè)備和INCA軟件一起安裝;你不必分別安裝它們。Makesurethatthefollowingfilesarepresentinthe確保下列文件存在于<INCAbase>1.\ETASData\INCA\Data\Demodirectory:ETASDataINCADataDemo目錄:0400.hex0400巫術(shù)0400.a2l0400.a2lMakesurethatthecomputeryouuseforthistutorialhasanInternetbrowserinstalledonit,andt