新航道雅思語法-定語從句

新航道雅思語法-定語從句第一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。兩大基本概念：先行詞：??被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。一般由:名詞,代詞,短語,句子充當引導(dǎo)詞/關(guān)系詞：??引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。

引導(dǎo)詞是區(qū)分主句和從句的重要標準。第二頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。找出句子主干1.Whenanyoneopensacurrentaccountatabank,heislendingthebankmoneyrepaymentofwhichhemaydemandatanytime,eitherincashorbydrawingachequeinfavorofanotherperson.第三頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。2.Ifyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.(劍2,T2,L)第四頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3,Asyoucansee,thebuildingyou’reinnowwhichcontainsthismainlounge,thediningroom,therecreationroom,thekitchenandtheofficeswaspartoftheoriginaloldhouse,builtinthe1840stobeusedbythefamilyofGeorgeSmith.(劍2,T2,L)第五頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。引導(dǎo)詞（1）關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why（3）特殊引導(dǎo)詞：than,but,as,whereby（4）介詞+引導(dǎo)詞第六頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。（1）關(guān)系代詞：[練]1994到1995年期間出現(xiàn)了很大的增長，這種情況在未來的幾年里很可能還會持續(xù)下去。（劍3，T2，W）第七頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。[key]Thereemergedagreatincreasefrom1994to1995,whichlikelycontinuedinthenextyears.Theyears/periodfrom1994to1995saw/witnessedgreatincreases,which

likelycontinuedintothefollowingyears.第八頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。（2）關(guān)系副詞：第九頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。

①when---時間狀語AprilFool’sDayisthatspecialday

whenyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!Children’sfavoritesaretoputsaltinthesugarbowlforDad’smorningcoffeeorputchalkonadeskchairatschoolsotheteachergetsawhitebackside!Butremember,ifyouplayajokeafter12noon,YOUaretheAprilFool!第十頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！揪殹窟@是能保證充足食物來源的時候。（劍5，T4，R）Thisisapointwhenadequatefoodresourceswillbeassured.第十一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。

②where---地點狀語在北京，有一些著名的茶館，在那里你可以坐下來喝茶，也可以觀看到京劇表演節(jié)目。（劍3，T3，S）InBeijingtherearesomefamousteahouseswhereyoucansitanddrinktea,andtheyalsohavethePekingoperashows.第十二頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCreativePassioninPaintingTenorLucianoPavarottiholdsahandkerchiefwheneverhesingsinconcert.Yetinreallifeheismorelikelytobefoundholdingapaintbrush.Forhisgreatloveispaintingvividly-coloredpicturesofItalianvillagesandseascapes.Whathelikesbestaboutpaintingisitscontrasttoopera,wherethechallengeistouseone’stalentstobringtolifetheworksofothers.“WhenIfinishacanvas,IfeelIhavecreatedaworld.第十三頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。

③why----原因狀語Reasonwhy【練】發(fā)生這種變化的一個主要原因就是電視的影響力增大了。(劍3，G，TB，W）OneofthemajorreasonswhythischangehashappenedistheincreasedinfluenceofTV.第十四頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！菊n堂練習】一（引導(dǎo)詞）：第十五頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。1.Thesearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(劍3,T3,S)2.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（劍7,T4,R）第十六頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3.Thisismostevidentinphotographicfilm,_____GermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.(劍3,T2,W)4.Sincetheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcentury,_____theInternationalAthleticFederationbegankeepingrecords,therehasbeenasteadyimprovementinhowfastathletesrun,howhightheyjumpandhowfartheyareabletohurlmassiveobjects,themselvesincluded,throughspace.(劍4,T4,R)第十七頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。5.Theactiontakesplaceinundergroundcities____theenvironmentiscontrolledbycomputers.(劍5,G,TB,R)6.Thefieldwaslaunched,andtheterm“artificialintelligence”coined,ataconferencein1956byagroupofresearchersthatincludedMarvinMinsky,JohnMcCarthy,HerbertSimonandAlanNewell,allof_____wentontobecomeleadingfiguresinthefield.（劍5,T3,R)第十八頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！菊n堂練習】二:改錯1.I’dreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.2.Long-dayplantsareadaptedforsituationswhererequirefertilizationbyinsects,oralongperiodofseedripening.(劍5,T4,R)第十九頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！究偨Y(jié)】：引導(dǎo)詞的判斷原理：１，先行詞２，從句是否完整第二十頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！菊n后練習】1.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（劍2,T2,R）2.Theareabecameone___thevastmajorityofpeoplelivedinextremepoverty,andsufferedfromappallingsanitaryconditions.（劍6,T1,L)KEY:whose,where第二十一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。（3）特殊引導(dǎo)詞：1234第二十二頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。①than

先行詞是比較級/被比較級修飾【練1/2】退讓一步，你會獲得比預(yù)想還要多的東西。Byyieldingyougetmorethanyouexpected.【練2/2】Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantities

thanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.(劍3，T2，R）由于使用農(nóng)藥和化肥可領(lǐng)取政府補貼，農(nóng)民就不顧實際需要而超量使用，以期取得最高經(jīng)濟作物產(chǎn)量。第二十三頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。②but=that````notThereisnomanbuthashisfault.=thereisnomanwhodoesnothavehisfault.不存在沒有過錯的人。第二十四頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。③as（1）as---限定（即限制性定語從句）固定搭配：such,as,thesame+asAtexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsociety.（劍4,T4,R）就在保健資源是有限的這個新知識被理解的同時，一種相反的觀點也在西方社會逐步形成。第二十五頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。（2）as----非限定位置：句首。（句中，句末）

先行詞：整個主句。常見用法：AsIsaidbefore,AsImentionedbefore,Asyoucansee,Aswillbeobserved,第二十六頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。④whereby=bywhich“憑借，借以”【練】政府可以推行一個體系，讓產(chǎn)生更多垃圾的個人和公司支付更多的資金，用于處理垃圾.（劍5,G,TB,W）Thegovernmentcouldintroduceasystem

whereby

individualsandcompaniesthatproducemorewastemustpaymoremoney,tocoverthecostofdealingwithit.第二十七頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。【課堂練習】:1._____Imentionedbefore,Ithinkthependantbringsmegoodluck.(劍3,T4,S)2.Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome____wascommoninthetraditionalfamilystructure.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as第二十八頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3:填空:1)___isknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.2)___isknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3)___isknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.第二十九頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！菊n后作業(yè)】:

1.TheInternetgivesusaccesstomuchmoreinformationinamuchshortertime____isavailablewithconventionalshoppingmethods.（劍3,T4,S）2.改錯：Thebuildingmaybeinaconservationareaornearhousing,inthatcaseitwillbemuchmoredifficulttoconsiderchanges.(劍7,G,T,R)KEY：than;inwhichcase第三十頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。（4）介詞+引導(dǎo)詞

可接的關(guān)系代詞:which,whom介詞的選擇：1）與先行詞搭配2）與從句中某個詞（動詞）搭配3）語義表達的需要第三十一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。1）與先行詞搭配Weareawareoftheextenttowhichapositiveattitudecontributestosuccess.我們知道積極的態(tài)度在多大程度上促進成功。第三十二頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！揪殹抗娡ㄟ^游行示威這種方式，可以有效地讓政府官員們注意到不平等的社會現(xiàn)實。Publicdemonstrationsareaneffectivemeans____________.bywhichthepeoplecanbringsocialinequalitiestotheattentionofgovernmentofficials.第三十三頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。2）與從句中某個詞（動詞）搭配Ageniusisamanwhodoesuniquethingsofwhichnobodywouldexpecthimtobecapable.天才是指這個人做的事情獨一無二，而且沒有人料到他有能力做到。第三十四頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！揪殹吭S多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期癥狀就是在白天都極度想睡覺。Manyhypersomniacssufferfrommarcolepsy,__________.of/forwhichtheprimarysymptomisexcessivedaytimesleepiness.第三十五頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3）語義表達的需要【練】知識是我們借以飛上天堂的翅膀。Knowledgeisthewings________.with/through/bywhichweflytotheheavens.第三十六頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！菊n后練習】第三十七頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。1.Theparticularindividual___whomoneisconcernedintheanalysisofanysituationisusuallygiventhenameoffocalperson.(劍3,T2,R)2.Ironically,Francehadthelowestspendinginperfume,something___whichitisfamous,perhapsbecauseperfumeischeaperinFrance.(劍3,T2,W)3.Thisecho-locationinbatsisoftencomparedwithradar,theprinciple____whichissimilar第三十八頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。5.Theonlyway___whichproductivitycouldbeincreasedwastochangethesizeoftheworkgroup.（劍3,T4,R）14.HowcanyoutellanAsiaticlionfromanAfricanlion,___whichyou’reprobablymorefamiliar?（劍6,T4,L）18.Thisisthepoint____whichrealproblemsoccur.（劍2,T2,W）練習：P126五—1,2,3,5,14,18第三十九頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分?！铩镫y點：

關(guān)系副詞When=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系副詞Where=介詞+關(guān)系代詞判斷：(1)where,which,inwhich,thatItisthefactory____Iworkedyearsago.Itisthefactory____Iworkedinyearsago.Itisthefactoryin____Iworkedyearsago.Itisthefactory__Italkedaboutyearsago.Itisinthefactory____Iworkedyearsago.第四十頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。(2)when,which,onwhich,thatIcherishedtheholiday__westudiedtogether.Icherishedtheholiday__westudiedontogether.Icherishedtheholidayon__westudiedtogether.Icherishedtheholiday__wespendtogether.第四十一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。多重定語從句InNunavut’sigloosociety,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there’shighincidenceofdepression.（劍6，T1，R）在Nunavut拱形圓頂小屋的社會中，抑郁癥發(fā)病率很高，因為成年人曾在拱形圓頂小屋里出生，而他們的孩子卻可能永遠不曾邁出家門，到外面的世界去。第四十二頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。Inotherwords,theygavenoindicationofanappreciationofeithertherangeofwaysinwhichrainforestsareimportantorthecomplexsocial,economicandpoliticalfactorswhichdrivetheactivitieswhicharedestroyingtherainforests.（劍4，T1，R）換句話說，他們既沒有顯示出對熱帶雨林的重要范圍的重視，也沒有顯示出對那些復(fù)雜的社會，經(jīng)濟和政治因素的重視，這些因素促使人們從事一些破壞熱帶雨林的活動。第四十三頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。THEEND第四十四頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。復(fù)習(定語從句）1，概念（先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞）2，引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞，特殊引導(dǎo)詞，介詞+引導(dǎo)詞3.多重定語從句第四十五頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。作業(yè)P133,1-6第四十六頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。練習:1.改錯Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatisnotfullyunderstood.Key:------is:are知識點:定語從句中的主謂一致.定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),這不取決于關(guān)系詞,而是由先行詞決定的.第四十七頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。2.改錯ConfidenceisprobablyoneofthemostnoticeabletraitsintheAmericans.Theyshowconfidenceinthewayhowtheytalk,thewayhowtheysmile,thewayhowtheydressandthewayhowtheywalk.Key:delete“how”知識點:定語從句中,關(guān)系副詞沒有how.如果要表達方式,我們用以下句型:theway+that/inwhich/×+從句第四十八頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3.判斷以下兩個that從句的區(qū)別.1)Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.2)TherumorthatTomwasagayturnedouttobeuntrue.第四十九頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。P130—合并句子1.4.51.Iknowmanyrichpeople.Noneofthemarehappy.(劍3,G,TB,W)4.Atthefive-starhotelweatedinneranddranklotsofbeerandchampagne.Intheevening,allthestudentswenttoaformalreceptionatafive-starhotel.(劍3,T3,S)5.Theeventstartedwiththestudentsgatheringinalargehall.Inthelargehallweweregiventherobesandhats.Weworetherobesandhatsduringtheceremony.(劍3,T3,S)第五十頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。P133---翻譯1.總有許多外國留學生來中國學習.(劍3,T3,S)2.正如諺語所說,“給人一條魚,可以養(yǎng)活他一天;教會人捕魚,可以養(yǎng)活他一生.”(劍3,T4,W)第五十一頁，編輯于星期六：十九點五十一分。3，我認為對電腦將會帶來的好處保持懷疑很重要。（劍1,G,W）Ithinkit’simportanttobesuspiciousofthebenefitsthatcomputerwillbring