中考英語分類閱讀及講解匯編（九）科學園地

中考英語分類閱讀及講解匯編(九)科學園地

[材料1]

Robotsseemverynewtomostpeople.Buttheyhavealonghistory.ThefirstonewasmadebyaGreekinventor.You

mayhaveseenrobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthesefilmsarestronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,

mostrobotsareusedinfactories.Theyareusedtodomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobs.Somepeoplecan'tlook

afterthemselvesandrobotsareusedtohelpthem.Forexample,somepeoplecan,tsee.Manyofthesepeopleuseadog

tohelpthemselvesmovearound.Thisdogiscalledaguidedog.Scientistsaremakingarobottohelpthem.Inthefuture,

robotdogsmighttaketheplaceoftheseguidedogs.

RobotsarealsousedinAmericanhospital.Atonehospital,arobottakesmealsfromthekitchentothesickpeople's

rooms.Itneverlosesitswaybecauseithasamapofthehospitalinitscomputersystem

1.ThefirstrobotwasinventedbyaGreek.

2.Robotscanonlybeseeninfilms.

3.Robotscanhelpsomepeoplelookafterthemselves.

4.Today'srobotshavequiteafewdifferentuses.

5.ArobotcooksmealsforthesickpeopleatanAmericanhospital.

Key:l.T2.F3.T4.F5.F

[材料2]

WhyIstheSeaSalty?

Thereisalotofsaltontheearth,anditmixesverywellwithwater.Thereissomesaltinallwater.Waterontheland

runsintolakesandrivers.Theseriversrunintotheseasandoceans.Theycarryalittlesaltwiththem.Someoftheocean

watermovesintotheairandclouds.Itevaporates.Saltcannotevaporate.Itstaysintheocean.

Thewaterintheoceanshasmoresaltthanriverwater.Oceanwaterisabout3.5%(threeandahalfpercent)salt.Some

seashavemoresaltthanothers.

Somelakesdonothavearivertocarrythewaterandsaltaway.Someofthewaterleavesthelakes.Itevaporates,butthe

saltcannot.Theselakesareverysalty.Therearetwofamouslakeslikethis.TheyaretheDeadSeaintheMiddleEast

andGreatSaltLakeinthestateofUtahintheUnitedStates.TheyaremuchsaltierthantheAtlanticOceanandthe

PacificOcean.

1.Whichofthefollowingisknowntobethesaltiest?

A.TheChangjiangRiver

B.ThePacificOcean.

C.TheDeadsea.

D.Thewaterthatevaporates.

2.Theoceansandsomelakesaresaltybecause.

A.muchsaltiscarriedtothembywaters

B.saltinthemcouldnotbecarriedaway

C.waterevaporatesallthetime

D.allabove

3.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?

A.Allwaterhassomesaltinit.

B.Allsaltcanbemixedverywellwithwater.

C.Alloceansaresaltierthantherivers.

D.Allriverscarryalittlesaltintothesea.

Key:I.C2.D3.D

[材料3]

Sincethebeginningofthetime,manhasinventedmanyinterestingthings.Someoftheseinventions,likenumbers,the

alphabetandtheradio,havecertainlychangedhistory.

Since1946.oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.lthaschangedallourlives.

Thefirstcomputerwasaslargeasaroom,andquitedifficultandslowtooperate.Butsincetheinventionofthesilicon

“chp"，nowcomputershavebecomesmaller,easiertouseandfaster.

Somecomputersareassmallastelevisionsets.Simplecomputersaresmallerthanabook.Andcomputersaregetting

smallerallthetime.

Thereareseveralreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,itcanstorevery,verylargeamountsofinformationin

itsmemorychips.Secondly,thecomputercanoperateveryquicly---thousandsoftimesfasterthanahuman--anditwil

neverbetired.Thirdly,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,cars,rockets,airplanes

andmanykindsofmachines.Theycandothousandsoftasks.

Soon,almosteveryone,eitherathomeoratwork,willusesomekindofcomputer.Thelivesofallofuswillbechanged

bythisinvention.

1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

A.numbers,alphabetsandradiosareimportantinventions

B.thecomputerwillchangeourlives

C.computersaregettingsmaller

D.modemcomputercanbebuiltintomachines

2.Thefirstcomputerwas.

A.aslargeasatelevisionset,anddifficulttorepair

B.aslargeasaroomanddifficulttomake

C.verylargeandnoteasytooperate

D.verylargeandnoteasytotest

3.Thecomputerhasbecomesmaller,andeasiertousesincewasinvented.

A.thesiliconchip

B.thememorychip

C.theelectriccell

D.therobot

4.Thesiliconchipis.

A.averysmallcomputer

B.informationstoredinthecomputer

C.likeatelevisionset

D.animportantbutverysmallpartofacomputer

5.Thecomputerisveryuseful.

A.becauseitcanstorelotsofinformation

B.becauseitcanbeoperatedquickly

C.becauseitcanbebuiltintoothermachines

D.forallthereasonsabove

Key:l.C2.B3.A4.D5.D

［材料41

WeareallbusytalkingaboutandusingtheInternet,buthowmanyofusknowthehistoryoftheInternet?

ManypeoplearesurprisedwhentheyfindthattheInternetwassetupinthe1960s.Atthattime,computerswerelarge

andexpensive.Computernetworksdidn'tworkwell.Ifonecomputerinthenetworkbrokedown,thenthewhole

networkstopped.Soanewnetworksystemhadtobesetup.Itshouldbegoodenoughtobeusedbymanydifferent

computers.Ifpartofthenetworkwasnotworking,informationcouldbesentthroughanotherpart.Inthiswaycomputer

networksystemwouldkeeponworkingallthetime.

AtfirsttheInternetwasonlyusedbythegovernment,butintheearly1970s,universities,hospitalsandbankswere

allowedtouseittoo.However,computerswerestillveryexpensiveandtheInternetwasdifficulttouse.Bythestartof

the1990s,computersbecamecheaperandeasiertouse.Scientistshadalsodevelopedsoftwarethatmade“surfing”the

Internetmoreconvenient.

Todayitiseasytogeton-lineanditissaidthatmillionsofpeopleusetheInterneteveryday.Sendinge-mailismoreand

morepopularamongyoungpeople.

TheInternethasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportantpartsofpeople'slife.

1.Fromthepassageweknow.

A.internethasaverylonghistory.

B.internethasahistoryofaboutfortyyears

C.internetcanworkwithoutcomputers

D.internetisakindofcomputer

2.WhichstatementisNottrue?

A.Inmoderninternet,onecomputerbreaksdown,sowilltheothers.

B.Newnetworksystemcanmakeinternetworkwell.

C.Networkcanworkwellwithsoftwareandhardware.

D.Wecansendandreceiveinformationthroughinternet.

3.Atfirstcoulduseinternet.

A.hospitals

B.universities

C.banks

D.government

4.Internetbecomesmorepopularbecause.

A.computersarecheaper

B.it'seasyandconvenienttosurftheinternet

C.peoplelikeitbetter

D.bothAandB

5.Thelastsentencetellsusthat.

A.e-mailisusedoncomputers

B.youngpeoplelikeinternet

C.it'seasiertogeton-linethanbefore

D.moreandmoreyoungpeoplesendandreceivee-mails

Key:l.B2.A3.D4.D5.D

[材料5]

Firecanhelppeopleinmanyways.Butcanalsobeveryharmful.Firecanheatwaterwarmyourhouses,givelight,and

cookfood.Butfirecanbumthingstoo.Itcanburntrees,houses,animals,orpeople.Sometimesbigfirescanburn

forests.

Nobodyknowsforsurehowpeoplebegantousefire.Buttherearemanyinteresting,oldstoriesaboutthefirsttimea

manorwomanstartedafire.OnestoryfromAustraliatellsaboutamanvery,verylongtimeago.Hewentuptothesun

byaropeandbroughtfiredown.

Todaypeopleknowhowtomakeafirewithmatches.Childrensometimesliketoplaywiththem.Butmatchescanbe

verydangerous.Onematchcanbumapieceofpaper,andthenitmightbumahouse.Asmallfirecanbecomeabigfire

veryfast.

Fireskillmanypeopleeveryyear.Soyoumustbecarefulwithmatches.Youshouldalsolearntoputoutfires.Fires

needoxygen.Withoutoxygentheydie.Thereisoxygenintheair.Coverafirewithwater,sand,orinanemergency,

withyourcoatorsomethingelse.Thiskeepstheairawayfromafireandkillsit.

Becarefulwithfire,anditwillhelpyou.Becarelesswithfire,anditwillburnyou.

1.Whichistrue?

A.Wearenotsurehowpeoplestartedtousefire.

B.ItisanAustralianwhostartedafire.

C.Weknowhowpeoplebegantousefire.

D.Nobodyknowshowtomakeafire.

2.Childrenmustn'tplaywithmatchesbecause.

A.matchesbumpaper

B.itisnotinteresting

C.matchescanbedangerous

D.theydon'tknowhowtomakeafirewithmatches

3.Ifyouaregoingtoputoutafire,you.

A.mustbecarefulwithmatches

B.oughttoknowitcanbeharmful

C.havetocoveritwithwateronly

D.shouldkeepairawayfromit

4.Wemustbecarefulwithfire,orit.

A.canbe

B.warmsourhouses

C.mightburnus

D.willhelpus

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Firecanhelppeopleinmanyways.

B.Firecanbebothhelpfulandharmful.

C.Firecanburnthingsandpeople

D.Wemustbecarefulwithmatches.

Key:LA2.C3.D4.C5.B

[材料6]

Acomputercandoagreatdealofwork.Thepoliceusecomputers.Theyputintothecomputer'smemoryallthe

informationaboutcrimes,criminalsandtraffic.Thepolicecanlookatthiscomputer'sinformationatanytime.

Scientiststodaymusthavecomputersfortheircalculations.Amancandoaneasycalculationintwoorthreeminutes.

Butacomputercandoeventhousandsofdifficultcalculationsintwoorthreeminutes.

Insomeschoolsthereisacomputerclassroom.Childrencandotheirmathswithcomputers.Forexample,thecomputer

writequestionsonthescreensinfrontofthechildren,andthechildrenanswerthemontheirkeyboards.

Acomputercandoalmosteverything!Butitcannotdoanythingwithoutman.Peoplemustchecktheprogramsandtest

themoftenonthecomputer.Forexample,someyearsagotheAmericanspacecraftMarinerI,wasgoingtoVenus,but

therewasamistakeinoneoftheprogramsandthisdestroyedthespacecraftinonlyfiveminutes.Itcosteighteenanda

halfmilliondollars!

Acomputercandoeverything,itcancomposemusic,drawpictures,playchess,writepoetryanditcansometimesfind

therightboyfortherightgirl.

Inthefuturewearegoingtousecomputersforalmosteveryday.Orarecomputersgoingtobegintouseus?Whois

goingtousewhom?Thatisthequestion.

點評區(qū)

1.Thepoliceputintotheircomputers.

A.cars

B.criminals

C.information

D.keyboard

2.Scientistsusecomputersbecause.

A.computerscandomoreandbettercalculation

B.itiseasytopressbuttons

C.mencandocalculationsquickly

D.astronautscannotdotheirworkwithoutacomputer

3.Inthisarticle,thewriterthought.

A.computercanbegoingtousemaninthefuture

B.acomputercandoeveiythingwithoutman

C.peoplecanusecomputerswithoutanymistakes

D.acomputerisnecessaryforalmosteveryoneintheworld

Key:l.C2.A3.A

[材料7]

Somepeoplehavegoodmemories.Theycaneasilylearnalongpoembyheart.Thereareotherswhocanonlyremember

thingswhentheyhavesaidaainandagain.

TheyfamousEnglishwriterCharlesDickenssaidthathecouldwalkdownanystreetinLondonandthentellyouthe

nameofeveryshophehadpassed.Manyofthegreatmenoftheworldhavehadwonderfulmemories.

Agoodmemoryisagreathelpinlearningalanguage.Everybodylearnshisownlanguagebyrememberingwhathe

hearswhenheisasmallchild.Somechildrenlikeboysandgirlsdon'tliveintheirowncountry,andtheyseemtolearn

twolanguagesalmostaseasilyasone.Inschoolsitisnotsoeasytolearnaforeignlanguagebecausestudentshaveso

littletimeforitandtheyarebusywithotherlessons,too.

Aman'smindisratherlikeacamera,butittakesphotosnotonlyofwhatweseebutofwhattofeel,hear,smelland

taste.Whenwetakearealphotowithacamera,thereismuchtodobeforethephotoisfinishedandreadytoshowto

ourfriends.Inthesameway,thereismuchworktobedonebeforewecankeepapictureforeverinourminds.

Memoryisthediaryweallcarryaboutwithus.

1.Somepeoplearegoodat.

A.learninglongpoemsB.rememberingthings

C.takingphotosD.keepingadiary

2.Otherpeoplecanonlyrememberthingsby.

A.sayingagainandagainB.hearing,smellingandtasting

C.learningaforeignlanguageD.keepingapitcture

3.CharlesDickens.

A.didn'tliveinhisowncountryB.hadaverygoodcamera

C.spoketwoforeignlanguagesaseasilyasEnglish

D.hadaverygoodmemory

4.Agoodmemoryhelpsyou.

A.keepapictureforever

B.tellothersthenameofeveryshopinLondon.

C.learnalanguage

D.hear,smellandtaste

5.Rmemberingthingsisratherlike.

A.learningpoemsB.takingphotos

C.learningEnglishD.feeling,things

Key:l.B2.A3.D4.C5.B

[材料8]

Manyyoungpeoplecanusethecomputer,butfewofthemknowhowtolookafterthem.Rememberthefollowingwhen

youusethecomputer.

l.Keepyourcomputerinacool,dryroom.Toomuhortoolittleheatisbadforcomputers.Dampisalsobadforthem.

Mostcomputersworkbestatatemperatureof5-10degreescentigrade.

2.Donotletpeoplesmokecigarettesnearyourcomputer.Smokeofallkindsisverybadformanypartsofcoputerand

cancausemanyproblems.

3.Donoteatordrinkwhenyouarenearyourcomputer.Piecesoffoodandalittlewateronthekeyboardcanalsocause

manyproblems.

4.Makesurethatthekeyboardandscreenarethecorrectheightforyou.Iftheyarenotcorrect,youwillgetbackache.

5.Makesurethescreenisthecorrectdistancefromyoureyes.Ifyouwearglassesmakesuretheseglassesarecorrectfor

usingwiththecomputer.Somepeopleuseadifferentpairofglasseswhentheyuseacomputer.

6.Keepyourscreencleananddonothaveittoobright.Adirtyscreencanhurtyoureyes.Averybrightcreencanalso

bebadforyoureyes.Ifyoucanaffordone,buyacomputerscreen.ltwillbebetterforyouthanusingthescreenofaTV

set.

7.Neveruseanysoftwaresthatyoudon'tknowwhethertheyarecleanornot.Youmustbecarefulbecausesome

softwarescanbringvirusesintoyourcomputer.Ifyourcomputerhasviruses,itcan'tworkorevenbreakdown.

1.Accordingtothispassagemostyoungpeoplecancontrolcomputerswellwhilepayinglittleattentiontothekeeping

ofthem.

2.Puttingthekeyboardandscreentoohighmeansyoudo'thavetolookatyourmanuscript（手稿）whiletyping.

3.Somepeopleuseadifferentpairofglasseswhentheyuseacomputerbecausetheywanttoprotectthecomputer.

4.1t'sbettertouseaTVsetscreeninsteadofacomputeronebecauseaTVsetisusuallylargerthanacomputerone.

5.Ifyourcomputerhasviruses,youwillfallill.

6.1234'Cleansoftwares^meanthesoftwareswithoutanyviruseswiththem.

Key:1.F2.F3.F4.F5.F6.T

［材料9J

HowtoSelectaHomeComputer

Computersareveryversatile.Theycandomanythings:teaching,playinggamesorhelpingwithabusiness,sochoosing

acomputerisnotaneasysimplejob.Butifyoufollowthesesteps,youwillfinditeasier.

First,decideonthemainreasonswhyyouwantacomputer.Isthiscomputerveryusefulforyou?Isitthemost

importantreasonstoplaygamesortohelpwithyourbusinessortohelpwithyourschoolwork?

Second,lookcarefullyattheprogramsthecomputercanuse.Somepeoplealsowritetheirownprograms.Ifyouwantto

writeyourown,itisimportanttolookatthecomputerlanguage.