2018年山西英語高考真題

2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標I）

第二部分閱讀理解

第一節(jié)

A

Washington,D.CBicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswith

beautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesand

thefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherry

blossoms-disappear！

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(4miles)

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.

ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsand

historyateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C

Duration:3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocals

lookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeable

guideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress,memorials,

andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfun

andrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(7miles)

JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.

GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandthe

NationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsand

history.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevests

andsafetylights.

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.

C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.

23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide？

A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.

B

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning，

butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousand

nutritiousmealsonatightbudget。

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchef

MattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5

perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhat

she'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,

11.

“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeaway

restaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,

becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe

'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),

Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney：GoodHealth,whichgave

viewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewitha

differentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedof

somedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendof

celebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid？

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4？

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D:Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess

C

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehas

beenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，

small，tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeach

other.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetoten

millionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheir

languagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,

industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsory

education,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhave

causedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，Spanishand

Chineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesis

hugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenby

manypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonly

around200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps

3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))

ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethan

that.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),with

onlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers),

ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguin

Australia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.TheydevelopedveryfastB.Theywerelargeinnumber

C.TheyhadsimilarpatternsD.Theywerecloselyconnected

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？

A.ComplexB.AdvancedC.Powerful.D.Modern

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent？

A.About6,800B,About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,200

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution.

D

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightof

somethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)well

aftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdated

devicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesat

theRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeach

productthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.

Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly

1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers，basicmobilephones,and

box-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smart

phones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002，beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."The

living-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday，you

haveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronic

devicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseold

devices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktop

monitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumption

andcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007

window.

Sowhat'sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007，butthe

researchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnew

electronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.

Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktop

computerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.StopusingthemB.TakethemapartC.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

第二節(jié)

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agrasp

ofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolive

in.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplaceto

relaxafteralongday?36___,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantitto

feel

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproach

thisimportantpoint.37，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’erreally

onlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,the

mediumones,andthelargeones.

___38__，They‘rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmost

ofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandless

expensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefit

ofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesor

bookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamore

powerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whether

you'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.

40__.

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwith

E.it'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

第三部分語言知識運用

第一節(jié)

Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwas

offeringa“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingthe

classbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalways

wantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour

44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbe

learningfromoneofthegame’s46Icouldhardlywaitto47him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48was

nogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswould

behard-earned.Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhow

weplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.I

managedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe

54.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe55me:“the

absolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.On

everysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對手)isdoingand

59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60as

ajournalist.

41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown

42.AwasteB.earnC.saveD.pay

43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired

44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor

45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant

46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest

47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat

48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job

49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible

50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe

51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare

52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally

53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment

54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation

55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised

56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill

57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments

58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control

59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate

60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior

第二節(jié)

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)

thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,

smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63__(die)earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit_64___(be)more

effectiveatlengtheninglife_65__walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthe

reviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66___showedamerefiveto10minuteadayof

runningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67___（cause）.

Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.To

avoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68__(strength)yourlegmuscles

(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit's

always_69___(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetog