2018英語專四真題及參考答案

#/132018英語專業(yè)四級考試真題及參考答案PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGETheBentPyramidoutsideCairo ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenwasbelievedtobeisbelievedtohavebeenisbelievedtobeU.S.News rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.maintainsismaintainingmaintainedhasbeenmaintainingactuallyaccidentallyotherwiseseldomShewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.bluehazyVirginiahazyblueVirginiaVirginiahazyblueVirginiabluehazyIlongtoalleviate ,butIcannot.theevilevilevilsanevilIndeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming .wararewarofwarareofwarAt ,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalightsensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.itsmostbasicitsbasicthemostbasicthebasicShehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused .toexpressanintendedpurposetoindicateahighdegreeofpossibilitytorevealanundesirableconsequencetodramatizeastatedfactWhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses .ahypothesisasuggestionacontradictionasurpriseWhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto ,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.justicetestimonytrialverdictQuestionablyArguablyContentiouslyDebatablyPriceshaverecentlyriseninorderto theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.cutbuoyofferoffsetThecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”recordingrecollectionrecognitionWhatactually agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.consistsconstitutesconstructsTheschoolisgoingthe miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.finalfurthersupplementaryextraTheteachers’union alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.firedfiledfinedfilledLastMarchthe ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.debrisruinsremainswreckShe’swornhisdesignson occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.countlesscountablenumericalnumeraloceangoingoceanicmarineD.maritimePARTIVCLOZEF.kind G.manner H.mercifully I.one J.obeyK.renowned L.subscribe M.unknown N.virtue O.widespreadTheimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:selfreliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.Para.4seemstosuggestthat .WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?A.ComparisonD.CauseandeffectDefinitionProcessanalysisPASSAGETWOTheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels.Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.Awardsdon’tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewillgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Theresult?Thegroupsellslotsmorerecords.Onthesurface,itseemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)Amused.Appreciative.Sarcastic.Serious.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentliesin .natureofworkpersonalcontactsourceoffundingsocialstatusItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards .promotemarketratherthanachievementsdogoodtobothmarketandpopularityhelpthosewhoarereallytalentedareeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopularPASSAGETHREEKnowingthatMrs.Mallardsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences.Herhusband’sfriendRichardswasthere,too.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.Sheweptatonce,inhersister’sarms.Whenthestormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.Andyetshehadlovedhim-sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor-youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,Louise?Forheaven'ssakeopenthedoor.""Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(長生不老藥)oflifethroughthatopenwindow.Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister'swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.Richardsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.ButRichardswastoolate.Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease-ofjoythatkills.HowdidMrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeath?