2023屆北京市豐臺區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題（原卷版）

北京市豐臺區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)(二)高三英語本試卷共12頁，100分。考試時長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。筆試(共三部分100分)第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。DaveKingisinhissecondwinterofsnowplowing(鏟雪)people’sdrivewaysforfree.AprilFrazierisonepersonwhohasbenefitedfromKing’skindness.Sheisasinglemother.Afteronestormlastyear,shewasbusylookingafterherkidsandjustknewshewasnotgoingtobeabletogetoutthereand___1___thesnow.FraziersawapostonlineinwhichKinginvitedpeopletocontacthimiftheyneededhelpwiththatday’sstorm.She___2___tohimandofferedtopayhim,butherefused.Frazierwasgrateful—andhasbeen___3___tosee,witheverystormsince,Kinghasreportedtoherhouseandplowedherdriveway,never___4___apenny(一分錢).Nowhealsoplowsherparents’drivewayforfree.Andonetime,he___5___plowedherparents’neighbors’drivewayswithoutanyoneaskinghim.“Heisloyaland___6___,”saidFrazier.Kinggottheideawhenheoverheardaneighborcomplainingshewashavingdifficultywiththesnowinherdriveway.ItoccurredtoKingthathecouldplowthedrivewaysofpeopleinneedforfree.Kingwentonlineandinvitedanyonewhoneededtheirdrivewaysplowedtogetintouchwithhim.Peoplewere___7___atfirst,asthoughhehadsomekindofdishonestplangoing.Buttheywerequicktofindouthewas___8___andstartedtakinghimuponhisoffer.Kinghopesto___9___thiskindnessandgenerosityandsetupawholenetworkofvolunteerstohelppeopleinneed.“Kingismakingapositivedifferenceinthecommunity,”Fraziersaid.“Heisanunsungheroforthistown.Heinspireshopein____10____.”1.A.feel B.remove C.collect D.appreciate2.A.reachedout B.lookedup C.heldon D.gavein3.A.proud B.anxious C.puzzled D.surprised4.A.spotting B.costing C.expecting D.rejecting5.A.even B.almost C.still D.rather6.A.humorous B.committed C.optimistic D.imaginative7.A.bored B.disappointed C.cautious D.frightened8.A.genuine B.popular C.courageous D.wise9.A.receive B.expand C.keep D.practice10.A.creativity B.honesty C.confidence D.humanity第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheskinofasmallfishfromThailandisalmostcompletelyclear.Asitswims,itsmusclesmove,____11____(result)inreflectionsofmanycolors.Aftershiningdifferentkindsoflightandlasersontothefishinalaboratory,researchersmadea____12____(discover)thatthesmallstructuresinitsmusclesarewhatturnslightintorainbowcolors.Othercreaturescanalsocreatetherainboweffectwhencolorschange.Usually,theyhaveoutersurfaces____13____reflectthelight,likeabutterfly’swings.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Withexcitingmoves,fantasticmusicandcompetitorsusingcoolnames,breakingisasportlikenoother.Also____14____(know)asbreakdancing,itwillbecomeoneoftheOlympicsports____15____theGamesareheldin2024.Itisnotyetknownhowthe2024Olympiccontest____16____(arrange).Itislikelythattherewillbeseparatefemaleandmalebattles,andpossiblymixed-doubleseventswithbothmenandwomen.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AsoneofChina’sten____17____(famous)teas,Longjingteaischaracterizedbyitsgreencolor,delicatesmell,richtasteandbeautifulshape.Thebeautifulformsofabud(嫩芽)____18____oneleafortwoleavesareacknowledgedasqualitytea.Thepickingworkofsuchtealeavesdemandsahighaccuracyand____19____(depend)largelyonhandlabor.Toimproveefficiency,atea-pickingrobotwasmadeanditisintrialoperationnow.Itcanposition____20____thetargetbudandleafareandcutthemprecisely.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABecomeaCompetentMedicalWriterin4Weeks!Hurry!Thisofferendssoon!ClaimyourspotTODAY!Threeyearsago,Istartedafamilyandhaveexperiencedfinancialstresssincethen.Icouldpaymybillsalright,butthatwasallIcoulddo.Icouldn’tevenaffordafamilyholiday.Fortunately,Idiscoveredmedicalwriting.Ilearnedthatitwasaboutwritingscientificdocuments.AndIfeltIhadthenecessaryskillstostartmedicalwritingasasidehustle(副業(yè)).Bytheendoftheyear,Ihadmyfirstcontractasafreelancemedicalwriter.Ifeltreallysecurefinanciallyandcareer-wise.Today,we’veobservedmoremedicalwritersarewanted.So,incollaborationwithsomecolleagues,we’vepreparedthemostimportantlessonstohelpyoubecomeacompetentmedicalwriter:(ByAlex)TheCompleteMedicalWritingTrainingThisonlinecourseisperfectforpeoplewithalifesciencedegree.Here’sthefullcourseoutline.Week1ThescientificwritingprocessIntroductiontomedicalwriting:LearnaboutmedicalwritinganddecideyourpathThewritingprocess:HowtowritethescientificdocumentinfoursimplestepsResearchingtowrite:FindreliablesourceseasilytoinformyourmedicalwritingandidentifybrilliantideasfromtheliteratureWeek2WritingeffectivelyOutliningtowrite:ThesimpleststrategytostructureanydocumentperfectlyforeasierwritingandbetterflowReferencing:LearnwhentociteandhowtousecommonreferencingstylesandautomateyourreferencingusingonlinetoolsWeek3OtheressentialsScientificresearch:Updateyourselfonvariousclinicalresearchapproaches,designsandmethodsforbettermedicalwritingoutputEssentialbiostatistics:HowtousecommonstatisticaltermsfromthemedicalliteraturecorrectlyinyourwritingWeek4WritingassignmentsThereare8markedwritingassignmentswithfeedbacktohelpyouimproveyourwriting.21.WhydidAlexstartmedicalwriting?A.Toimprovemedicalskills. B.Tohavemoreleisuretime.C.Togetoutoffinancialtrouble. D.Toprepareforthewritingtraining.22.Whatwillpeoplelearnbyattendingthecourses?A.Thewaysofevaluatingtheassignments.B.Thestepsofwritingascientificdocument.C.Theskillsinusingonlinewritingcorrectiontools.D.Thestrategiesforstructuringmedicalknowledge.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toattractpeopletothetrainingcourse.B.Tosharethecontentofthewritingcourse.C.Tointroducethebenefitsofmedicalwriting.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofmedicalwriting.BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimontheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butI’veneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIbegantonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(觀念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorscombined.AndIstartedmarveling(驚奇)athowIwasfeelingbothhumbleandmajestic.Howwasthatpossible?HowcouldIbesofullofpeaceandfullofwonder?Itwasmagic.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Toplayinthetree. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Topracticeclimbingskills.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas.Aunusualbutpainful B.competitiveandimaginativeC.adventurousbutrewarding D.well-plannedandinteresting26.Whydidtheauthorlikebeinguphighinthetree?A.Becausethetreehadthesweetestsmell.B.Becauseitcouldhelphertoconcentrate.C.Becauseherfatherencouragedhertodoso.D.Becauseshecouldenjoymorethangoodviews.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.C.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.D.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.CNewspapers,advertisements,andlabelssurrounduseverywhere,turningourenvironmentintoamassoftextstobereadorignored.Asthequantityofinformationwereceivecontinuallyincreasesandasinformationspreadingisshiftingfrompagetoscreen,itmaybetimetoaskhowchangesinourwayofreadingmayaffectourmentallife.Forhowwereceiveinformationbearsvitallyonthewaysweexperienceandinterpretreality.Whatismostobviousintheevolutionofreadingisthegradualdisplacementofthevertical(垂直的)bythehorizontal—ashiftfromintensivetoextensivereading.Inourculture,accessisnotaproblem,butproliferation(激增)is.Andthereadingactisnecessarilydifferentthanitwasinitsearliestdays.Awedbytheavailabilityoftexts,thereadertendstomoveacrosssurfaceswithoutallowingthewordstoresonate(共鳴)inwardly.Interestingly,thisshiftfromverticaltohorizontalparallelstheoverallsocietalshiftfromboundedlifetimesspentinsinglelocalestoliveslivedinwidergeographicalareasamidstreamsofdata.Thislargeraccesswasonceregardedasworldliness—onetraveled,knewthelifeofcities,thewaysofdiversepeople….Ithasnowbecomethebirthrightofanyonewhoownsatelevisionset.Howdowesquaretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhorizontalandverticalawareness?Thevillagers,whoknoweverythingabouttheirsurroundings,areblessedlyunawareofeventsindistantlands.Themedia-obsessedurbanites,bycontrast,neverlosetheirawarenessofwhathappensindifferentpartsoftheworld.Wemayask,whichpeoplearehappier?Thevillagersmayhavefoundmoresenseinthingsowingbothtothelimitedrangeoftheirconcernandthedepthontheirinformation.Butrestrictedconditionsandhabitalsosuggestboredomandlimitation.Thelackofalargerperspective(視角)leadstosuspiciousnessandcautiousconservatism,butforthesamereason,theconstantavailabilityofdataandmacro-perspectiveshasitsowndecreasingreturns.Wheneverythingishappeningeverywhere,itgetshardertocareaboutanything.Howdoweassignvalue?Wheredowefindthefixedcontextthatallowsustocreateanarrativeofsenseaboutourlives?Ideally,Isuppose,onewouldhavethebestofbothworlds—thepurposefulfixityofthelocal,aswellastheavailabilityofenhancingviews:anaturalecologyofinformationandcontext.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Readerstodaytendtoignoredeepengagementwithtexts.B.It’sdifficulttoshiftfromverticaltohorizontalreading.C.Whereandhowwereadtextsshapesourmentallife.D.Peoplearetiredofinformationproliferation.29.Accordingtothepassage,villagers.A.haveadeeperunderstandingoftheirsurroundingsB.shownointerestinwhathappensintheworldC.arelessboredthanmedia-obsessedurbanitesD.cannotadapttochangingsituations30Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Verticalawarenessallowsustocareaboutothers.B.Changesinourreadinghabitsleadtothesocietalshift.C.It’swisetokeepabalancebetweenalocalandaglobalview.D.Horizontalreadingaffectsourmindsetmorethanverticalreading.DCoastalcitiesworldwidearesqueezedbytwoopposingforces:urbansprawl(擴(kuò)張)andtherisingsea.Thisstruggleisintenselyvisibleintheflatlandswhereexpandingneighborhoodsroutinelyfloodandsaltwaterfloodingdamagestherivermouthsthatprotectcommunitiesfromtheworstofourclimatecrisis.Massiveresourcesarebeingputintoenvironmentalrestorationprojects,anddevelopmentissubjecttomanylayersofapprovals.Yetin2022thecommissionersofacoastalcityvotedtoexpandalegalboundarythatcontainssprawltoallowa400-acrewarehouseproject.Theyarefailingtoseethevalueofthislandinthegreaterecosystem.Wetlands,coastalplainsandforestsdocheaply(orevenforfree)whatseawallsandpumpsdoatacostofbillionsofdollars.Theyarevitalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)thatmakesusmoreresilientagainstclimatechange,andthecostofdestroyingthemorweakeningtheirabilitytofunctionmustbefactoredintothedecisionswemaketobuildandgrow.Todoso,theeconomicincentivestodevelopanynaturallandscapeshouldbeweighedagainsttheprotectiveeconomicvaluethatlandalreadyprovides.Economistscallthisan“avoideddamage”valuation.Localplanningboardsmightconsiderthevalueofasandduneorswampinfloodprotectionversustheexpenseofreplacingitwithaseawallandwaterpumpsystem.Maintainingandrestoringnaturalinfrastructuretosupporthealthyfunctioningsavesmoney,timeandlives.Theconceptof“naturalcapital”,ortheideathatecosystemservicesshouldbevaluedinasimilarmannerasanyformofwealth,datesbacktothe1970s.Marketshavealwaysvaluedwoodasacommodity(商品),forexample,butnottheservicesthatcamealongwithproducingit,suchassoilmaintenance,carbonstorage,andnutrientcycling.Wedidn’tneedamarketforresourcesthatindustrialistssawasabundant(豐富的)andendlesslyrenewable.Thisexploitative(開發(fā)資源的)assumptionturnedouttobeverywrong.Failingtomeasurethebenefitsofecosystemservicesinpolicyandmanagementdecisionsisamajorreasonmanyofthoseecosystemsdisappeared.Italsoseemscrasstoplaceadollaramountonecosystemsthatwe’dratherviewaspriceless,existingfortheirownsakeandvaluabletohumansinwaysthatarebeyondcapitalism.Thispreciousnessisethicallysound.Butdevelopershavelongconfusedpricelessnesswithworthlessness,allowingthemtoprofitwithoutpayingfortheconsequencesofdestroyingtheenvironment.Economicvalueisnevertheonlyreasonnatureisworthpreserving;itissimplyapowerful,underusedtooltohelpusmakedecisionsabouthowtolivemoresustainablyinaclimate-changedworld.Ifpolicymakersconsiderednaturalinfrastructureinthelanguageofeconomics,theymightrecognizejusthowdeeplywerelyonit.31.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Theconsequencesofthesaltwaterflooding.BThecauseoftheurbansprawlandtherisingsea.C.Anapprovaltoanenvironmentalrestorationproject.D.Theproblemcausedbytheexpansionofcoastalcities32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theideaofnaturalcapitalcanenhancetheprofitofcommodity.B.Theeconomicgrowthbooststheprotectionofnaturallandscape.C.Theabundanceofresourcesisnotthereasonfordevaluingthem.D.Theexploitationofnaturereflectsthe“avoideddamage”valuation.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crass”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Inadvisable. B.Beneficial.C.Relevant. D.Unrealistic.34.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toappealforstrictercontrolovercityscale.B.Toproposetheuseofnatureasinfrastructure.C.Tostresstheimportanceofecosystemservices.D.Topromotepublicawarenessofnatureprotection.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theterm“growthmindset”hasbecomesomethingofabuzzwordinourlife.Youcanfinditeverywhereyoulook—intheseminarsofmotivationalspeakers,intheeducationcoursedescriptions,andinthemissionstatementsofcompanies.____35____Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutgrowthmindsetisthatitisthesamethingasbeingopen-mindedinyourbeliefs.Thisisuntrue.Beingopen-mindedinyourbeliefsisoftenthebeliefonwhattruegrowthmindsetis,butthisisactuallycalled“falsegrowthmindset”intheresearchcommunity.____36____Whatthismeansisthattheyhaveafixedbeliefontheirintelligencelevel,whichisexactlywhatafixedmindsetis.Theybelievethattheyaregrowing,wheninrealitytheyarenot.Beingopen-mindedtootherpeople’sbeliefsandnewthingsisgreat,butitdoesnotmeanthatyouareactuallylearninganything.Furthermore,thereisnowaytoeverhaveatrulycompletegrowthmindset.____37____Itisimportantthatyouacceptthisandembraceit,whilestilldesiringtoexperiencegrowthanyway.Thisistheonlywayyoucantrulyfosterasm’ofagrowthmindsetashumanlypossible.____38____Unproductiveeffortsthataremerelydonefortherewardoroutcomearenotconsideredtobegrowthmindset.Truegrowthmindsethasnothingtodowithrewardoroutcome.Rather,itisbasedentirelyonthelearningandgrowingprocessitself.Whenyouareinvestedinagrowthmindset,youareinvestedintheprocessregardlessoftheoutcome.____39____Youcannotsimply“have”agrowthmindset.Youhavetowantone,andinvestinhavingone.Understandingthetruthaboutgrowthmindsetwillenableyoutounderstandexactlyhowthistraitcanassistyouinlife.A.Mindsetisalotharderthan“justdoit”.B.Itisvirtuallyimpossible,asweareallfixedinsomewayoranother.C.Anotherfalsebeliefisthatgrowthmindsetisaboutrewardedefforts.D.Asecondmisconceptionisthatpeople’smotivationcomesfromtheprocess.E.Butdespiteitspopularity,somepeopledon’tunderstandwhatitactuallymeans.F.Thisisessentiallypeoplewhohavean“Ialreadyhaveit,andIalwayshave”attitude.G.Growthmindsetassistspeopleinhavinggreaterresultsfromwhattheysetouttoaccomplish.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Brain,58,wastreatedinintensivecareforaseverecase.Assoonashisconditionhadstabilized,hewassenthomewithequipmentincludingaphoneandabloodpressuremonitor.“EverydayIwouldinputmyvitalsignsontheapp,”Brainsaid.“Ifanythingwentwrongorwasn’tright,anursewouldcallmestraightaway.”Brainspentsixweeksonthis“virtualward(病房)”,runbyhislocalNHShospitalinpartnershipwithDoccla,ahealthcaretechnologycompany.Heisoneofthousandsofpatientstohavebeentreatedinnew“hospitalsathome”,seenbyNHSleadersasa“l(fā)ifeline”foroverwhelmedhospitalsthathaverunoutofbeds.2,500virtualwardbedswerealreadyinuse,ensuringthatpeoplecould“getthecaretheyneedfromtheirownhomes”.Retz,founderofDocile,saidsoontherecouldbe“regionalcommandcenters”,whereadoctorornursemonitoreddatafromhundreds