2023年高考英語新材料仿真模擬押題卷（新高考專用卷）

2023年高考英語新材料仿真模擬押題卷01（新高考專用卷）全解全析注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A．Heisveryupset.B．Hedoesn’treallymind.C．Heisabitannoyed.1．B【原文】M:Iseemtohavelostmyphone.Whatnow?W:Iwillringyournumber.Maybesomeonewillreply.Wheredidyouloseit?M:Noidea.Thereisnorush.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingitanyway.2．Whichisthegirl’shorse?A．Theonewiththewhiteface.B．Theonebesidetheblackhorse.C．Theonewithtwoblacklegs.2．B【原文】M:Isthatyourhorseoverthere,withwhiteface?W:No.Mineistheonewithtwowhitelegs.Isn’tshepretty?M:Oh,yes,standingnexttotheblackhorse.W:That’sright.3．Whatwillthemandrink?A．Water. B．Tea. C．Coffee.3．A【原文】W:Oops.Itseemswe’verunoutofcoffeebeans.Icansendoutforsomebubblemilkteaifyoulike.M:It’sokay,Zoe.Waterisjustfine.W:Allright.4．Howmanybrothersdoesthemanhave?A．One. B．Two. C．Three.4．C【原文】M:Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?W:Ihaveonlyonebrother.Whataboutyou,Bruce?M:Icomefromabigfamily.Ihavethreebrothersandtwosisters.5．Whatdoesthewomanmean?A．Theboyneedstohavearest.B．Theboyhastogooverlessonsatweekends.C．Theboyshouldhavepassedtheexamlasttime.5．B【原文】M:Mom,mustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?I’vestudiedforseveraldays.Ineedtorelax.W:Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon’tpushyourluckthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6至第7兩個(gè)小題。6．Whatisthemanprobablytryingtodo?A．Openanewbankaccount. B．Exchangesomemoney. C．Withdrawmoneyfromhisaccount.7．Whatistheman’smainproblem?A．Hedoesn’thaveanymoney. B．Heforgothisbankaccountnumber. C．Hisbankisn’tavailableinNewYork.6．B

7．C【原文】W:Hi,howmayIhelpyou?M:I’vegothalfamillionJapaneseyen,andIneedtotradeitforUSdollars.Isthatpossibleatthisbranch?W:Thatwouldcomeouttoaround4,500dollars,whichnightbeoverourexchangelimit.What’syouraccountnumberorsocialsecurity?M:Oh,I’mnotcurrentlyanaccountholderatChaseBank.W:Wouldyouliketoopenone,sir?It’dbenecessaryforcarryingoutthisservice.M:MyJapanesehankdoesn’texistinNewYork.Sorry,I’monlyhereonholiday—settingupanaccountwon’tbenecessary.W:I’msorrywecouldn’tbeofmorehelp.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。8．Whatkindofapartmentdoesthemanwanttorent?A．Anapartmentwithtwobedroomsandabathroom.B．Anapartmentwithasmallbedroomandabathroom.C．Anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.9．Howmuchdoesthemanwanttopayeachmonth?A．$240. B．$340. C．$480.10．Howfarawayistheapartmentfromtheuniversity?A．2miles. B．3miles. C．4miles.8．C

9．A

10．B【原文】W:Hi,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes,Iwanttorentauniversityapartment.W:Whatsortofapartmentareyoulookingfor?M:Uh,anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.W:Well,thatshouldn’tbeaproblem.Whatsortofpricewereyouthinkingof?M:Couldyougivemesomeidea?W:Certainly.Theyrangefrom$240to$480amonth.M:Oh,Isee.IfIpay$240amonth,whatkindofapartmentcanIhave?W:Youneedtosharewith2otherstudentsandtravel3milestotheuniversity.M:Threemilesonfoot?W:Youdon’thaveto.There’sasubwaystationjustinfrontoftheapartment.M:ThatsoundsOKtome.I’lltakethatone.下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11．Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A．Itisthehardesttooperate. B．Ittravelsatthefastestspeed. C．Ithasthelongeststayingtime.12．WhatdoTaikonautsdotopassthetime?A．Playtennis. B．Playinstruments. C．Playcards.13．Whatdoesthewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A．Womenareasexcellentasmen.B．Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C．Womenarelesssuitableinthismission.11．C

12．B

13．A【原文】W:Hey,areyouwatchingavideooftheChinesespacestation?Shenzhou-12,right?M:Close.Shenzhou-13.W:It’shardtokeepupwithChinaspeed!Sohowlongaretheyinorbitthistime?M:Sixmonths,thelongeststayofanysinglemannedfightmissioninChina’shistory.W:Sodoyouwatchthemconductexperimentsorspacewalksorwhat?M:Prettymuch.Theyevengivelessonsinthespacestation!W:IwonderwhattheTaikonautsdotopassthetimeupthere?M:Theygoforjogs,playmusicalinstruments,andevenplayping-pong.W:Zero-gravityping-pong!Igottatrythat!Who’sthatladyfloatingby?M:That’sWangYaping.She’sbecomesomewhatofacelebritydownhereonearth.W:Well,womenholduphalfthesky,soit’sonlyfittingthattheyshouldworkinittoo.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至第17四個(gè)小題。14．Whatistheman?A．Ateacher. B．Adoctor. C．Ahost.15．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Howtosavemoney. B．Howtospendmoney. C．Howtobeagoodhousewife.16．Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?A．Insupermarkets. B．Inoutdoormarkets. C．Indepartmentstores.17．Whatdoesthewomanhighlyrecommend?A．Fixingthingsbyourselves. B．Hiringsomeonetorepairthings. C．Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.14．C

15．A

16．B

17．A【原文】M:Goodevening,everybody.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutsavingmoney.Manyofushavetosavemoney,butdifferentpeoplesavemoneyindifferentways.NowwearegoingtotalktoKathytoseewhatshedoes.Hi,Kathy,doyoutrytosavemoney?W:Sure.I’mahousewife,soIhavetosavemoneyasmuchaspossible.M:Andhowdoyousave?Canyoutellussomethingaboutit?W:Well,Itrynottoshopindepartmentstoresorsupermarketsexceptwhenthingsareonsale.Ineverpayfullprice.Ireallylikeshoppinginoutdoormarkets,andIcanusuallyfindsomerealbargainsthere.M:Great!That’sagoodidea.W:AndalsomyhusbandandIdon’townacar.Ifweneedoneforaweekend,wejustrentone.Wecan’treallyaffordtobuyausedone.M:Isee.W:Andthebestwaytosavemoneyisnottopaypeopletofixthingsforyou.M:Sorry,Ican’tunderstandthat.Whatdoyoumean,Kathy?W:Well,myhusbandoftentriestorepairthingsaroundthehouse.Wecansavealotofmoneythatway.M:Well,thankyouverymuch,Kathy.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20三個(gè)小題。18．Whereistheman?A．Athome. B．Intheoffice. C．Atatravelagency.19．Whatisthemangoingtodo?A．Goonbusiness. B．Gotothetheater. C．Meethisfriends.20．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheconversation?A．Themanwillfetchthesuitcasehimself.B．Themanwantsthewomantobringthesuitcaseforhim.C．Themanwillhavehisfriendfetchthesuitcaseforhim.18．B

19．A

20．B【原文】M:Hello,darling.I’vejustheardIhavetogotoItalyforacoupleofdays.I’mflyingthisevening.W:Oh,David.Doyoureallyhavetogo?YouknowtheJohnson’sarecomingaroundtoseeustonight.M:Yes,Iknow.ButIcan’thelpit.They’llhavetocomesomeothertime.W:Thenwewon’tbeabletogotothetheatertomorrow.M:No,I’mafraidwe’llhavetochangeallourplans.W:Allright,David.Whenexactlyareyouleaving,then?M:I’mtakingthe7o’clockplanetoRome.W:Areyoucominghomebeforeyougototheairport?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’mstillhavingatalkwithmybosshere.W:Whataboutyoursuitcase?M:I’mafraidyou’llhavetopackitforme.W:Andwho’sfetchingitforyou?M:You’llbringit,darling.W:Whyme?第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分3分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFollowthisfour-dayroute,andyou’llloseyourselfinthewizardingworldofHarryPotter.Day1OverviewEdinburghItwasinScotland’scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhispals.Withstonedstreets,windingalleysandmedieval(中世紀(jì)的)architecture,thecitycertainlyhasafewthingsincommonwiththesettingsfromthebooksandfilms.Shewrotetheearlychaptersinvariouscafesaroundthecity’sOldTowns.Day2OverviewtraveltoFortWilliamTravelbytrainfromEdinburghtoGlasgow.Fromthere,youcantaketheWestHighlandLinetoFortWilliam.Thisisagreatwaytoseesomefamousspotsfromthewindow,includingthemysteriousRannochMoor,theplacewhereDeathEatersboardthetraininthemovieHarryPotterandTheDeathlyHallows.Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsExpressWitnessthesweepingcinematicsceneryofthemovieHarryPotterbybookingaseatontheJacobiteSteamTrain.StopforlunchinMallaigandthenmakethereturnjourneytoFortWilliam.Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisverypopular.Bytheway,itrunsseasonally.Day4Overviewlakesandglens(峽谷)Inthefilms,mysterious,mistylandscapesframethebackgroundofHarry’stale,soit’snosurprisethatthefilmproducerschosetheHighlandsformanyscenes.Spendadaywanderingthroughsomeofthesebeautifulspotsandfeelthemagicalatmosphere.【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了《哈利·波特》系列電影的經(jīng)典拍攝地的四天之旅。21．WheredidJ.K.RowlingcreateHarryPotteratfirst?A．InEdinburgh. B．InMallaig. C．InGlasgow. D．InFortWilliam.21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day1OverviewEdinburgh部分“ItwasinScotland’scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhispals.”(就是在蘇格蘭的首都J.K.羅琳，開始構(gòu)思哈利和他的伙伴們的冒險(xiǎn)故事)可知，J.K.Rowling最初是在愛丁堡創(chuàng)作的《哈利·波特》。故選A。22．WhatshouldyoupayattentiontoiftakingtheJacobiteSteamTrain?A．Reviewingthemovie.B．Bookingticketsinadvance.C．Bringinglunchaheadoftime.D．Buyingone-wayticketspecially.22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsExpress部分“Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisverypopular.”(請(qǐng)務(wù)必提前預(yù)定蒸汽火車，因?yàn)樗苁軞g迎)可知，乘坐Jacobite蒸汽火車務(wù)必提前訂票。故選B。23．Inwhichsectionofanewspaperwillyoureadthetext?A．CurrentAffairs. B．Technology.C．Tours. D．Biography.23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Followthisfour-dayroute,andyou’llloseyourselfinthewizardingworldofHarryPotter.”(沿著這條四天的路線，你會(huì)迷失在哈利波特的魔法世界中)可知，本文主要介紹了一條為期四天的旅游線路，所以本文可能來自報(bào)紙的旅游版塊。故選C。BElevenyearsago,Ms.LiivandmovedtoMiami,Florida,whereshecontinuedswimmingintheocean.Inonetrainingsession,shenearlywoundupswallowing(吞)someplasticthatwasfloatinginthesea.Thatexperiencemadeherthinkofalltheseaanimalsfacingsimilarpollutioneveryday.Shedecidedshewantedtoworktomakepeoplemoreawareofplasticpollution.Shebeganswimmingwithaspecialsingleswimmingfinattachedtobothofherfeet.Thisrubbery“monofin”(單魚鰭)allowshertoswimbykickingbothofherlegstogether.“Swimmingwithoutusingmyarmsissimilartohowdolphinsswim,”saysMs.Liivand.Shebelievesthatswimmingwithamonofin“sendsabiggermessage”.Ms.Liivandfirstsettheworldrecordforswimmingwithamonofinin2019offthecoastofCalifornia.In2020,shebroketherecordagaininMiami,Florida.Ayearlater,shesetanewGuinnessWorldRecordagaininFlorida.Forthelastyear,Ms.Livandhasbeengettingupat4everyday,puttingonhermonofin,andgoingswimming.Tohelpimproveherstrength,shesometimesevenpulledotherpeopleinthewater.OnMay7,Ms.Liivandbroketherecordoncemore,thistimeswimmingthelengthofafullmarathon.Ittookher11hoursand54secondstoswim26.2miles.Thewaterwasrough,andsheranintoafewproblems,butshedidn’tstop.“Igothurtbyjellyfish,”shesaid,“Andkepttellingmyselfthatitwasnotthetimetocry.”Tokeepherenergyup,afriendfollowedherinakayak(皮艇)andgaveherfoodandwaterfromtimetotime.Alongtheway,Ms.Liivandpickedupallthetrashshefoundandputitinthekayak.Bytheendofhermarathon,thekayakheldthreebagsfulloftrash.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了Ms.Liivand模仿海豚魚鰭用單腳蹼游泳，從而引發(fā)人們關(guān)注海洋塑料垃圾的故事。24．WhatinspiredMs.Liivandtoswimwithamonofin?A．Herownexperience. B．Herlovefordolphins.C．Theincreasingwaterpollution. D．Thesightofpainfulseaanimals.24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thatexperiencemadeherthinkofalltheseaanimalsfacingsimilarpollutioneveryday.(那次經(jīng)歷讓她想起了每天都面臨類似污染的所有海洋動(dòng)物。)”可知，Ms.Liivand的靈感來自一次經(jīng)歷。故選A項(xiàng)。25．WhichwordbestdescribesMs.Liivand?A．Generous. B．Determined. C．Intelligent. D．Tolerant.25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shebelievesthatswimmingwithamonofin“sendsabiggermessage”.(她相信，用單魚鰭游泳“傳遞了更大的信息”。)”和第五段“Thewaterwasrough,andsheranintoafewproblems,butshedidn’tstop.(水很粗糙，她遇到了一些問題，但她沒有停下來。)”可知，Ms.Liivand為了引起大家對(duì)于海洋塑料垃圾的關(guān)注，使用單魚鰭游泳，并且在遇到困難時(shí)也不放棄，因此Ms.Liivand應(yīng)該是性格堅(jiān)定的人。故選B項(xiàng)。26．WhatcanweinferaboutMs.Liivandfromthetext?A．Sheintendedtobeatopswimmer.B．Shecommittedherselftoprotectingthesea.C．Shegotworldrecognitionforseaprotection.D．Sheprovedtobeanabsoluteperfectionist.26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Shedecidedshewantedtoworktomakepeoplemoreawareofplasticpollution.”（她決定致力于提高人們對(duì)塑料污染的認(rèn)識(shí)）根據(jù)第四段“Ms.Liivandfirstsettheworldrecordforswimmingwithamonofinin2019offthecoastofCalifornia.In2020,shebroketherecordagaininMiami,Florida.Ayearlater,shesetanewGuinnessWorldRecordagaininFlorida.Forthelastyear,Ms.Livandhasbeengettingupat4everyday,puttingonhermonofin,andgoingswimming.Tohelpimproveherstrength,shesometimesevenpulledotherpeopleinthewater.(Liivand女士于2019年在加利福尼亞海岸首次創(chuàng)造了單鰭游泳的世界紀(jì)錄。2020年，她在佛羅里達(dá)州邁阿密再次打破紀(jì)錄。一年后，她在佛羅里達(dá)州再次創(chuàng)造了新的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。在過去的一年里，利凡德女士每天4點(diǎn)起床，穿上單魚鰭，去游泳。為了提高自己的力量，她有時(shí)甚至把其他人拉下水。)”可知，Ms.Liivand為保護(hù)海洋做出了很大的努力。故選B項(xiàng)。27．WhatdidMs.LiivanddointheswimonMay7?A．Shegotsometreatment. B．Shehadabreakinthekayak.C．Shepulledothersinthewater. D．Shepickeduprubbishinthesea.27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ms.Liivandpickedupallthetrashshefoundandputitinthekayak.(Liivand女士把她發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有垃圾都撿起來，放在皮劃艇上。)”可知，在5月7日游泳時(shí)，Liivand女士在海里撿垃圾。故選D項(xiàng)。CForbreeding(繁殖)birds,timingiseverything.Mostspecieshavejustanarrowwindowtogetthefoodtheyneedtofeedchicks.Now,afteranalyzingdatathatspanfrom1975to2017,ascienceteamsuggeststhatastheclimatewarms,birdsarenotonlybreedingearlier,buttheirbreedingwindowsarealsonarrowed—somebyasmanyas4to5days.Onaverage,thebeginningsandendsofthebreedingperiodsareoccurringearlierintheyear.However,theendsareshiftingbackfasterthanthebeginnings,resultinginanaveragebreedingwindowthatis1.7daysshorterin2017thanitwasin1975.Duringthatsameperiod,Finland’saveragetemperatureroseby0.8℃,suggestingmanybirdspeciesareactivelyrespondingtochangingtemperatures,H?llfors,wholedtheteam,says.“It’sgoodforthespeciesifit’sabletofollowtheoptimumconditionsastheclimatechanges,”shesays.However,theshorterbreedingwindowsmeanmorebirdsarebreedingearlierintheseason—ariskytimeforchicks’survival,especiallyiftheweatherturnssuddenlycold.Inaddition,becausemanylate-seasonspeciesareshiftingtheirbreedingwindowsup,thatcouldmeanmorecompetitionforfoodandnestingsitesearlyon,leavingsomechickstogohungry.LucynaHalupka,anecologistattheUniversityofWroclaw,callsthestudy“averyimportantpaper”becauseit’soneofthefewwaystomeasurethebreedingperiodduration.For2decades,shesays,manyscientistsstudyingbirdsandclimatechangehavelookedonlyattheearliest,median(中間的),ormeanlayingdatesforspecificgroupsofbirds.However,sheremindsthatbecausethestudyislimitedtoFinland,thefindingsmaynotapplyuniversally;futurestudiesshouldexaminehowbreedingseasonsmoveinotherregionswheretheeffectofclimatechangeisdifferent.Theyshouldalsotrytodeterminehowshiftingbreedingwindowsaffectpopulationsizes,shesays.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文中主要介紹了芬蘭的一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)：受氣候變暖的影響，一些鳥類的繁殖期縮短了。28．Whatdidthescientistsfind?A．TheweatherinFinlandbecomeswarmer.B．Itisbecomingmoredifficultforbirdstobreed.C．ThebirdsinFinlandspendfewerdaysbreeding.D．Thereisn’tenoughfoodforsomechicksinFinland.28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Now,afteranalyzingdatathatspanfrom1975to2017,ascienceteamsuggeststhatastheclimatewarms,birdsarenotonlybreedingearlier,buttheirbreedingwindowsarealsonarrowed—somebyasmanyas4to5days.（現(xiàn)在，在分析了從1975年到2017年的數(shù)據(jù)后，一個(gè)科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為，隨著氣候變暖，鳥類不僅繁殖得更早，而且它們的繁殖窗口也變窄了——有些縮短了4到5天。）”以及第三段中“However,theshorterbreedingwindowsmeanmorebirdsarebreedingearlierintheseason”（然而，較短的繁殖期意味著更多的鳥在季節(jié)提前繁殖）描述可知，這些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)受氣候變暖的影響，一些鳥類的繁殖期縮短了。故選C項(xiàng)。29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimum”inparagraph3mean?A．Exact. B．Proper. C．Changeable. D．Dangerous.29.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段℃,suggestingmanybirdspeciesareactivelyrespondingtochangingtemperatures,H?llfors,wholedtheteam,says.（在同一時(shí)期，芬蘭的平均氣溫上升了℃，這表明許多鳥類正在積極應(yīng)對(duì)溫度的變化，H?llfors領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了該團(tuán)隊(duì)。）”這里提到了氣溫上升這一溫度變化，這是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的繁殖條件，以及“‘It’sgoodforthespeciesifit’sabletofollowtheoptimumconditionsastheclimatechanges,’shesays.However,theshorterbreedingwindowsmeanmorebirdsarebreedingearlierintheseason—ariskytimeforchicks’survival,especiallyiftheweatherturnssuddenlycold.（如果它能夠隨著氣候變化而適應(yīng)optimum條件，這對(duì)物種來說是好事?！彼f。然而，更短的繁殖窗口意味著更多的鳥類在季節(jié)的早些時(shí)候繁殖，這對(duì)雛鳥的生存來說是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)間，尤其是在天氣突然變冷的時(shí)候。）”可知，however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，后面指出然而現(xiàn)實(shí)是鳥類繁殖窗口更短，前面說如果能適應(yīng)最佳條件，是好事。也就是“恰當(dāng)?shù)臈l件”。故選B項(xiàng)。30．WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoLucyna?A．Itiscarriedoutinadifferentway.B．Itishelpfulforpeopletoprotectthebirds.C．Itopensawindowforpeopletolearnaboutthesebirds.D．Itdemonstratesthelivingsituationofthebirdsonearth.30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句中“becauseit’soneofthefewwaystomeasurethebreedingperiodduration（因?yàn)檫@是為數(shù)不多的衡量繁殖周期的方法之一）”可知，LucynaHalupka把這項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為是“非常重要的一頁”是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)小組是以不同的方式進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)研究。也就是這項(xiàng)研究的意義所在。故選A項(xiàng)。31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ScientistsRevealedtheSecretsofBirds’BreedingB．ScientistsTakeStepstoProtecttheBirdsintheWildC．BirdsPlayaRoleinFightingAgainstGlobalWarmingD．Birds’BreedingWindowsAreAffectedbyGlobalWarming31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Now,afteranalyzingdatathatspanfrom1975to2017,ascienceteamsuggeststhatastheclimatewarms,birdsarenotonlybreedingearlier,buttheirbreedingwindowsarealsonarrowed—somebyasmanyas4to5days.（現(xiàn)在，在分析了從1975年到2017年的數(shù)據(jù)后，一個(gè)科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為，隨著氣候變暖，鳥類不僅繁殖得更早，而且它們的繁殖窗口也變窄了——有些縮短了4到5天。）”可知，文中主要介紹了芬蘭的一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，受氣候變暖的影響，一些鳥類的繁殖期縮短了。因此D項(xiàng)“鳥類的繁殖期受到全球變暖的影響。”可為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DEverythingweknowsuggeststhattheuniverseisunusual.Itisflatter,smoother,largerandemptierthana“typical”universepredictedbytheknownlawsofphysics.Ifwereachedintoahatfilledwithpiecesofpaper,eachwiththespecificationsofapossibleuniversewrittenonit,itisunlikelythatwewouldgetauniverseanythinglikeoursinonepick—orevenabillion.Thechallengethatcosmologistsfaceistomakesenseofthisspecialness.Oneapproachtothisquestionisinflation—thehypothesis(假設(shè))thattheearlyuniversewentthroughastageoffastexpansion.Atfirst,inflationseemedtodothetrick.Asimpleversionoftheideagavecorrectpredictionsforthespectrumoffluctuationsinthecosmicmicrowavebackground.Butacloserlookshowsthatwehavejustmovedtheproblemfurtherbackintime.Tomakeinflationhappenatallrequiresustofine-tunetheinitialconditionsoftheuniverse.Andunlessinflationishighlytuned,itleadstoarunawayprocessofuniversecreation.Asaresult,somecosmologists(宇宙學(xué)家)suggestthatthereisnotoneuniverse,butaninfinitenumber,withahugevarietyofproperties:themultiverse.Thereareaninfinitenumberofuniversesinthecollectionthatarelikeouruniverseandaninfinitenumberthatarenot.Buttheproportionofinfinitytoinfinityisundefined,andcanbemadeintoanythingthetheoristwants.Thusthemultiversetheoryhasdifficultymakinganyfirmpredictionsandthreatenstotakeusoutoftheareaofscience.Theseotheruniversesareunobservableandbecausechancedictatestherandomdistributionofpropertiesacrossuniverses,suggestingtheexistenceofamultiversedoesnotletusgettoanythingaboutouruniversebeyondwhatwealreadyknow.Asattractiveastheideamayseem,itisbasicallyasleightofhand,whichturnsanexplanatoryfailureintoanapparentexplanatorysuccess.Thesuccessisemptybecauseanythingthatmightbeobservedaboutouruniversecouldbeexplainedassomethingthatmust,bychance,happensomewhereinthemultiverse.Westartedouttryingtoexplainwhytheuniverseissospecial,andweendupbeingaskedtobelievethatouruniverseisoneofaninfinitenumberofuniverseswithrandomproperties.Thismakesmesuspectthatthereisabasicbutunexaminedassumptionaboutthelawsofnaturethatmustbeoverturned.Cosmologyhasnewquestionstoanswer.Notjustwhatarethelaws,butwhyaretheselawsthelaws?Howweretheychosen?Wecan’tjusthypothesisewhattheinitialconditionswereatthebigbang,weneedtoexplainthoseinitialconditions.Thusweareinthepositionofacomputerprogramaskedtoexplainitsinputs.Itisclearthatifwearetogetanywhere,weneedtoinventnewmethods,andperhapsnewkindsoflaws,togainascientificdescriptionoftheuniverseasawhole.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了一些我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的自然法則一定是真實(shí)的嗎？作者認(rèn)為一些自然法則未必是真實(shí)的，一些未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)必須被推翻。32．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofouruniverse?A．Thereareseveralhypothesesaboutitsearlystage.B．Therearemorethanonebillionuniversessimilartoours.C．Itisexpandingatagreaterspeedthatitdidatthestageofthebigbang.D．Itisdifferentfromthepredictionsmadeaccordingtothelawsofphysics.32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Itisflatter,smoother,largerandemptierthana“typical”universepredictedbytheknownlawsofphysics.”（它比已知的物理定律所預(yù)測(cè)的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞。）可知，真實(shí)的宇宙比已知的物理定律所預(yù)測(cè)的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞，由此可知，我們的宇宙與根據(jù)物理學(xué)定律所作的預(yù)測(cè)不同。故選D項(xiàng)。33．Whatdoesthewriterimplyaboutthehypothesisofinflation?A．Ithasn’tbeenchallenged. B．Itdoesn’tmakemuchsense.C．Itisbyfarthemostreasonableapproach. D．Itisthesimpleversionofacomplicatedidea.33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Tomakeinflationhappenatallrequiresustofine-tunetheinitialconditionsoftheuniverse.Andunlessinflationishighlytuned,itleadstoarunawayprocessofuniversecreation.”（要使膨脹發(fā)生，需要我們對(duì)宇宙的初始條件進(jìn)行微調(diào)。除非膨脹得到高度調(diào)整，否則它會(huì)導(dǎo)致宇宙創(chuàng)造失控。）可知，作者認(rèn)為，要想宇宙膨脹的假設(shè)成立，就需要我們對(duì)宇宙的初始條件進(jìn)行微調(diào)，但除非膨脹得到高度調(diào)整，否則它會(huì)導(dǎo)致宇宙創(chuàng)造失控，在這種情況下，宇宙膨脹的假設(shè)并不成立，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為膨脹假設(shè)是沒什么意義的。故選B項(xiàng)。34．Whichwordinthepassageissimilarinmeaningtothephrase“sleightofhand”(paragraph4)?A．process B．prediction C．trick D．infinity34．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線短語句中“whichturnsanexplanatoryfailureintoanapparentexplanatorysuccess”（這將解釋性失敗轉(zhuǎn)化為明顯的解釋性成功）和下文“Thesuccessisemptybecauseanythingthatmightbeobservedaboutouruniversecouldbeexplainedassomethingthatmust,bychance,happensomewhereinthemultiverse.”（成功是空洞的，因?yàn)槲覀冇钪嬷锌赡苡^察到的任何東西都可以解釋為在多元宇宙中偶然發(fā)生的事情。）可知，宇宙學(xué)家的這種想法將解釋性失敗轉(zhuǎn)化為明顯的解釋性成功，但這種成功是空洞的，由此可知，這種想法基本上是一種巧妙的把戲，因?yàn)槲覀冇钪嬷锌赡苡^察到的任何東西都可以解釋為在多元宇宙中偶然發(fā)生的事情，“trick”意為“把戲”，能夠表達(dá)畫線短語在句中所要表達(dá)的意思。故選C項(xiàng)。35．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthewriter________.A．believestheideaofthemultiversewillhelpustounderstandouruniversebetterB．a(chǎn)rguesthereisafixedproportionofuniverseslikeourstothoseunlikeoursC．holdscomputerprogramscanworkbetterthanhumansincosmologyD．thinkssomelawsofnaturethatwetakeforgrantedmaybefalse35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Itisflatter,smoother,largerandemptierthana“typical”universepredictedbytheknownlawsofphysics.”（它比已知的物理定律所預(yù)測(cè)的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞。）和倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Thismakesmesuspectthatthereisabasicbutunexaminedassumptionaboutthelawsofnaturethatmustbeoverturned.”（這讓我懷疑，關(guān)于自然法則，有一個(gè)基本但未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)必須被推翻。）可知，我們的宇宙比已知的物理定律所預(yù)測(cè)的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞，作者認(rèn)為一些自然法則未必是真實(shí)的，基本但未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)必須被推翻，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為一些我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的自然法則可能是錯(cuò)誤的，需要被推翻。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(其5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分1分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PositiveWaystheWorldMayChangeAfterCoronavirusMoreflexibilityinworkplacesManybusinessescaninfactthrivewitharemoteworkforce.____36____Commutes(通勤)often“wastes”timewhenyoucouldgetmoreworkdoneordootherthingsyouenjoymore.Therefore,companiesthatallowremoteworkactuallygaingoodwillbecausetheyunderstandthevalueoffreedomandflexibility.HealthierlifestylehabitsMoreflexibilityandreducedcommutingmeanpeoplecanfindmoretimetoexerciseaswell—evenifit’sathomeratherthanatthegym.____37____Andalthoughrestaurantshaveopenedbackup,thosewhodiscoveredthejoyofcookingwillbelikelytocontinuetomakehealthy,home-cookedmealsfortheirfamily.MorelikelytoimprovetheenvironmentShortlyafterthelockdownbeganinWuhan,carbonemissionsdroppedaround25percentandtheresultwasvisiblefromspace.____38____However,seeingthepossibilitiesmayserveasmotivationforbetterconservationoftheplanet.StrongerfamilyconnectionsDuringlockdown,familiescreatedbondsthatarelikelytoremainstrong.Sinceyou’rehomeanyway,there’snoexcusenottohavedinnertogether.Familiesarealsoreturningtoclassicactivitieslikemovienightsandoutdoornatureadventures.Theygiveyouopportunitiestocreatealotofopeningsforconnectiononadeeperandmoremeaningfullevel.____39________40____Thistimeofsufferinganddeathbroughtarecognitionthatlifeissomethingtobecherishedandnottakenforgranted.COVIDhascreatedalossonsomanylevelsthatithasforcedustolookdeeplyatwhatwehavebeendoingdailyandwhyitmatters.Thisactiveseekingofinsightandanswershascausedmanyindividualstobegratefulforwhattheyhave.A．Moreplanningforfuturelife.B．Moreappreciationandgratitudeforlife.C．Thishasbeenmissinginmanyhomessincesmartphonesenteredthepicture.D．Thiswillforeverchangetheworkplace,withofficestakingamuchsmallerrole.E．Theimprovementinairqualitywasobvious,butitwasalso,sadly,notlasting.F．Thecrisishasledpeopletofocusonexerciseandspendmoretimewithfamilymembers.G．Onesurveyshowedthenumberofpeoplewhoneverworkoutdecreasedsincethepandemicbegan.36．D

37．G

38．E

39．C

40．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了疫情后生活發(fā)生的幾點(diǎn)變化。36．根據(jù)上文“Manybusinessescaninfactthrivewitharemoteworkforce.”(許多生意事實(shí)上通過遠(yuǎn)程辦公很興旺)可知這里在談遠(yuǎn)程辦公的好處。D.Thiswillforeverchangetheworkplace,withofficestakingamuchsmallerrole.(這改變了工作地點(diǎn)，使得辦公室的作用不明顯)與上文承接自然，選項(xiàng)中的This指代的就是witharemoteworkforce(遠(yuǎn)程辦公)。故選D。37．根據(jù)上文“Moreflexibilityandreducedcommutingmeanpeoplecanfindmoretimetoexerciseaswell—evenifit’sathomeratherthanatthegym.”(更加靈活和減少通勤意味著人們有更多的時(shí)間鍛煉，在家里而不是在體育館)可知人們有更多的時(shí)間鍛煉。G.Onesurveyshowedthenumberofpeoplewhoneverworkoutdecreasedsincethepandemicbegan.(一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明