上海市2023屆高考模擬英語試卷（含答案解析）

上海市2023屆高考模擬英語試卷

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí):考號(hào)：

一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththe

properformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ACloseShave

KazirangaNationalParkinIndiaishometotwooftheworld'smostendangeredspecies:

thetigerandthesingle-homedrhino.PhotographerSteveWinterandwriterDouglas

Chadwickhadonlybeenworkingthereafewdayswhentheyhadverycloseshavewithsome

rhinos.

They](drive)intotheparktostartfilmingwhentheirguidestoppedthejeep

tomoveaturtlefromthemiddleofthereadjustaheadofthem.Winter,Chadwick,andtheir

guardgotouttostretchtheirlegsandwatch.ButwhenChadwickturnedtolookuptheroad,

hesaw2terrible:arhinochargingatthem!

3rhinoscanrunmorethan25milesanhour,therewasnotimetoleapbackin

thecarInstinctively,theguardfiredashotintothegroundjustinfrontoftherhino.Thecrack

ofthegunandthedirtthatthebulletkickedupwasenough4(distract)their

attackeranditsteeredoffintothegrasssecondsbeforereachingthem.

5(relieve)theincidenthadnotbeenworse,theydroveon.Astheywere

enteringtheforestarea,threeyoungrhinosenteredtheroadinfrontofthem.Thejeep

stoppedhurriedly,butthistimetheanimalsseemeduninterestedanddisappeared6

theforest.Justthen,however,themotherofthethree,7hadbeenkeepinganeyeon

heryoung,camecrashingthroughthetrees.Notimetoshootthistime.Thefemalerhino

slammedintothesideofthejeepandstartedtowrestleitofftheroad.Indianrhinosdon'tuse

theirhornsinafight;insteadtheybiteandthis色male'steethweredeepintothesideofthe

jeep.

TheguidehadlaiddownaruleforhisguestsatKaziranga:noone8scared.

Buthisguestswerebreakingtherule,prayingthedrivercouldgetthemoutofthere.Withthe

engine9(scream),atlastthevehiclestartedtomove.Eventhentherhinocameafter

themanditwasonly500feetlater10shegaveupthechase.

二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全短文

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcan

onlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.adoptedB.approachingC.demonstrationD.expansionE.featuredF.focus

G.forecastedH.maintainedI.nonrenewableJ.optimistic.K.surviving

EarthDayTurns50About20millionAmericansturnedoutforthefirstEarthDayon

April22,1970.Lecturesandgatheringstookplaceatmorethan2,000collegecampuses,

10,000elementaryandhighschools,andthousandsofotherplacesacrossthecountry.

Forty-twostates_____H_____resolutionssupportingEarthDay.Itissometimesdescribed

as,uptothattime,thelargestpublic12inhistory.

Thelecturesandliteraturesurroundingtheevent13lotsofdepressing

predictionsaboutthefuture,whichcouldbefoundinthebookTheEnvironmentalHandbook.

Itscovernotedthatithadbeen"preparedforthefirstnationalenvironmentalteach-in.^^

Commissioned（委托）bythegroupFriendsoftheEarth,thebooktalkedaboutthethreatsof

risingpopulationandexhaustionof14resources-Manyofitscontributors——lefs

callthemtheCatastrophists—warnedthatevensuchactionsashalvingthenumberofhuman

beingsandstoppingeconomicgrowthcompletelymightnotbeenoughtopreventthe

15ecologicaldisasters.

Adifferentgroupofresearchers16thatwhileeconomicgrowthand

technologicalprogresshadcreatedsomeecologicalproblems,thesethingsalsowouldbea

sourceofsolutions.LefscallthesefolksthePrometheans.TheeconomistTheodoreSchultz

arguedintheBulletinoftheAtomicScientistsin1972thatthe17ofmodern

agriculturewouldfreeupmorelandfornature.Otheradvocatesofthismore18

outlookincludedtheoceanographerCyAdler,theeconomistChristopherFreeman,and

NatureeditoremeritusJohnMaddox,authorofthe1972bookTheDoomsdaySyndrome.

Today,theEarthDayNetworkhopesabillionpeopleacrosstheworldwillparticipatein

EarthDay2020,wherethe50thanniversary19willbeonman-madeclimate

change.LivingaswedointhefuturethattheCatastrophistsandthePrometheans（災(zāi)變論者

與開倉U者）20,nowisagreattimetolookbackattheclaimsmadefive

試卷第2頁，共12頁

decadesago.

三、完形填空

Withbillionsofstarsinourgalaxy（銀>可系），manycircledbyplanets,thechancesare

thereshouldbeadvancedlifecapableofreachingouttous.Yetafterdecadesoflookingand

listening,wehavefound2j.

ThisapparentconflictisknownasFermi'sparadox-Somehaveusedittoarguethatthe

searchforextraterrestrial（外星球的）intelligence（SETI）issureto22.

ButamathematicalanalysisofSETIsearchesdonesofarclaimsthattheusual

explanationfortheparadox—thatthereisnobodyoutthere—is23.Instead,it

suggeststhebestexplanationissimplythatwehavebarelyscratchedthesurfaceinour

24forextraterrestrialintelligence.

JasonWrightatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedthemany

variablesinvolvedinSETI,whichinvolvessearchingforradiosignalsfromother

25.Theseincludewhattolookfor,wheretolook,howoftenandforhowlong.

Theythendevisedanequationthatcomputesthe26ofthegalaxycheckedsofar.

TheteamsaysthatthevolumeofthegalaxythathasbeencheckedbySETIsofaris

roughly27tojustasinglebathtubofwaterintheworld'soceans.

“Youdon'thavetodoacalculationtosaywe'veonlyjust28says

DuncanForganattheUniversityofStAndrews,UK,whoisamemberoftheUKSETI

researchnetwork.5,Butthey'vedoneanicejobofshowingthehugescaleofthe

problem29

AswellasputtingSETIincontext,theequationcanhelpresearchersseewhichsearch

techniqueshavebeenusedlessthanothers.30,weonlydevelopedthe

technologytolistenforhigherradiofrequenciesquiterecently.^Butwe'regettingbetterat

that,sothatvariablewillnowshrink,“saysForgan.

However,advancesin3jwillonlytakeussofar.Certainvariables,such

ashowoftenamessagefromspacemightberepeated,cannotbe32.Asignal

sentonceayearcanonlybelistenedoutforonceayear.9,Therearethingswecandobetter

andthingswecan,t,,,saysForgan.<4Wejusthaveto33andwaitforthe

universetodoitsthing.^^

Forganhasabookcomingoutthatdiscusses66potential34forFermi's

paradox.TheyincludethepossibilitythatEarthissomehowunusualinitsabilitytoharbour

intelligentlifeorthattechnologicalcivilisationsarerare.Orperhapstheyare

35butshort-lived.4lGeneticornucleardisastersmightwipeyououtJsays

Forgan.

21.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything

22.A.aniveB.joinC.failD.improve

23.A.possibleB.simpleC.relativeD.false

24.A.huntB.loveC.serviceD.region

25.A.individualsB.civilisationsC.surroundingsD.organisations

26.A.sourceB.centreC.edgeD.part

27.A.subjectB.equivalentC.availableD.committed

28.A.rememberedB.mentionedC.describedD.started

29.A.progressivelyB.mathematicallyC.syntheticallyD.occasionally

30.A.ForexampleB.What'smoreC.InsummaryD.Bycomparison

31.A.technologyB.computationC.radioactivityD.astronomy

32.A.measuredB.challengedC.changedD.interpreted

33.A.setoffB.sitbackC.putupD.takedown

34.A.demandsB.benefitsC.explanationsD.applications

35.A.weirdB.boringC.excitingD.common

四、閱讀理解

Lidar,shortfor"lightdetectionandranging”,involvesdirectingarapidseriesoflaser

pulses-between100,000and400,000persecond—atthegroundfromanairplaneoradrone.

Softwarecapturesthetimeandwavelengthofthepulsesreflectedfromthesurfaceand

combinesitwithGPSandotherdatatoproduceaprecisethree-dimensional（三維的）mapof

thelandscapebelow.Thesehigh-techexplorationshaverevealedlong-buriedMayancities,

includingTikal,inthedensejungleofGuatemala,andCaracol,inBelize.

Inrecentyears,lidarexposedanancientcityinwesternMexicocalledAngamuco.The

discoveryofthislong-lostMexicancityisespeciallysignificant.BuiltbythePurepecha,who

wereenemiesoftheAztecs,Angamucowasamajorcivilizationintheearly16thcentury,

試卷第4頁，共12頁

beforeEuropeansarrived.

“TothinkthatthismassivecityexistedintheheartlandofMexicoforallthistimeand

nobodyknewitwasthereiskindofamazing,“saysChrisFisher,anarchaeologist（考古學(xué)

家）atColoradoStateUniversitywholedtheexploration.

Thecityextendedovertensquaremilesbeforeitwascoveredbyalava（巖漿）flow.

“Thatisahugeareawithalotofpeople,“saysFisher.46Youaretalkingabout40,000building

foundations,whichis[about]thesamenumberofbuildingfoundationsthatareontheisland

ofManhattan.v

ArchaeologistsweresurprisedwhentheysawAngamuco'scityplan.ThePurepecha5s

monumentswerelargelyconcentratedineightzonesaroundtheedgesratherthanbeing

locatedinonelargecenter.WhythisalmostLosAngeles-typesprawl（隨意）？Historianswant

toknowtheanswertothattoo.

TherevelationofAngamucoisanexampleofthepowerandpromiseoflidar.

Archaeologistsdiscoveredsignsoftheburiedcityin2007andinitiallyattemptedtoexploreit

usingatraditional"bootsontheground,,approach.Buttheteamsoonrealizedthatwiththe

ruggedterrain（畸嶇的地形）,itwouldtakeatleastadecadetooutlinetheentiremetropolis.

In2011,theybeganusinglidartomapnearly14squaremiles,revealingsome

astonishingfeatures,frompyramidsandtemplestoroadsystems,gardenareas,andevenball

courts.Thisgavethemthe"map"theyneededtoknowwheretoexplorefurther.Sofar,

Fisherandhisteamhaveverifiedmorethan7,000architecturalfeaturesovera

1.5-square-milearea,withdiggingundertakenatsevenlocations.

Alltold,researchersnowbelievethatmorethan100,000peoplelivedinAngamuco

fromaboutAD1000toAD1350.ThatmakesitthebiggestcityinwesternMexicoatthe

time—oratleastthebiggestcityweknowaboutsofar

^Everywhereyoupointthelidarinstrument,youfindnewsaysFisher."Right

now,everytextbookhastoberewritten,andtwoyearsfromnow,they'regoingtohavetobe

rewrittenagain.44

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofAngamuco?

A.ItwasconstructedbyAztecs.

B.ItisamajorcivilizationofMexico.

C.Itwasdestroyedintheearly16thcentury.

D.ItcameintoexistencebeforeEuropeansarrived.

37.WhathashelpedarchaeologistsfindthatAngamucoisalargeareawithalarge

population?

A.Itslonghistory.

B.Itsbeingunknownforlong.

C.Thenumberofbuildingfoundationsinit.

D.ThecompetitionbetweenAztecsandit.

38.Whichofthefollowingisstillamysterytohistorians?

A.ThereasonforAngamuco'scityplan.

B.ThereasonwhyAngamucodisappeared.

C.TheroleAngamucoplayedinhistory.

D.TheroleAngamucoplayedinarcheology.

39.WhatdoestherevelationofAngamucoillustrate?

A.Mexicanhistoryisworthexploring.

B.Lidarisausefultoolforarcheologists.

C.Mapsareimportantinexploringhistoricalsites.

D.MoretimeneedstobedevotedtostudyingAngamuco.

About14.5percentofourgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefromlivestock（家畜）.But

whatifyoucouldeataburgerwithouthavingacow?

WhenMarkPostgrewthefirstlab-madebeefin2013,thepatty（"closetomeatbutnot

thatjuicy,^accordingtoonetastetester）cost$330,000.Theestimatedpriceofa

frankenburgerisnowamuchmorereasonable$12,andsomestart-upssaymockmeatwillhit

shelveswithinacoupleofyears.

Plantswillmostlikelyalwaysbethegreenestprotein,butculturedmeatcouldatleast

becomemoresustainablethanfleshgrownonthebone.Here'showsomeestimatessayitwill

shakeoutinlandandwateruse,andemissions.

409PROPANETANKS（瓦446,OOOTOILETFLUSHES

1/5FOOTBALLFIELD

斯罐）（沖水）

MakingametrictonofOurculturedmeatLab-grownfoodwould

lab-grownproteinwouldn'twouldemitabarbecueuse713,265gallonsofwater;

requiremuchland,accordingtournament'sworthofmorethan200timeswhatyou

試卷第6頁，共12頁

toresearchersHannagreenhousegas.Thafslesssenddownthetoiletannually.

TuomistoandAvijitRay.Butthanone-tenththeAmetrictonofold-school

the2.6fieldstakenupemissionsofrealbeefbutbeefproteintakes16million

cultivatingthesameproteinmorethandoubletheflushes.Waterisdecreasing

fromfava,kidney,orblackamountofsoybeans,aandagriculturedoesmostof

beansaren'twasted:Theseveganfavourite.Onthetheconsumption,sotest-tube

cropshelpkeepfieldshealthyotherhand,productslikebeefmightbeworthwhilefor

storingnutrientsinsoil.Sotofurequirefurtherbeandiscounters.

we'cessing,whichmeans

moregas.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoflab-grown

beef?A.Ithasalreadysoldwell.

B.Itisnowmoreaffordable.

C.Itismoresustainablethanplants.

D.Itfirstemergedinthe20thcentury.

41.Thetableinthepassageisintendedto.

A.callforourattentiontosomeenvironmentalissues

B.explainwhylab-grownbeefiswell-received

C.illustratehoweco-firiendlybeefequivalentis

D.justifyouractionstogiveuptest-tubebeef

42.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetable?

A.Culturedmeattastesbetterifbarbecuedproperly

B.Lab-grownbeefemitslessgreenhousegasthantofu.

C.Test-tubebeeftakesmuchmorewaterthanold-schoolbeef

D.Makingametrictonoflab-grownproteinrequires2.6fields.

Asartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman-anAI

producedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthat

answersconsumers,questionsonline-peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettling

situationofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuch

productslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency（透明度）and

cooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.

Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionsto

cooperatewithorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeep

cooperating-butthereisalwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,at

thepartner'sexpense.TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,whenposingasa

person,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnersto

cooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientists

wonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.

Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilityto

cooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.4tSadly,

wefailedatthisgoal,“saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityin

AbuDhabiandaseniorauthoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachine

Intelligence.fctNomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.,,Arobot

playingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhough

itsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.（Ineachmode,therobotplayed50

roundsagainstatleast150individuals.）Inanadditionalexperiment,playersweretold,"Data

suggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreattherobotasifitwereahuman."Ithadnoeffect.

VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmea

UniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersfbrexploring

thetransparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper's

particularsetup.

Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobe

deceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelse

the“deception“obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpennissionfbroccasionaldeception,

evenifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumans

shouldhavetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscalling

customerservicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”

43.Theword"trade-off“isclosestinmeaningto.

A.balancingB.combiningC.distinctionD.agreement

44.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?

試卷第8頁，共12頁

A.Highlypositive.B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed.D.Distrustful.

45.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers?assumption.

B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots,problems.

C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.

D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.

46.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytothereal-worldsituations.

B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.

C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.

D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.

五、六選四

Aselectionfromthetrolley

Thetrolleyproblemusedtobeapopularquestioninphilosophicalelhics（倫理學(xué)）.Il

runsasfollows:atrolley,oratrain,isspeedingdownatracktowardsajunction（三叉路口）.

Someevildoerhastiedfivepeopletothetrackahead,andanotherpersontothebranchline.

Youarestandingnexttoalever（操縱桿）thatcontrolsthejunction.Donothing,andthefive

peoplewillbekilled.Pullthelever,andonlyonepersondies.Whatistheethicalcourseof

action?

47Atrulyself-drivingcar,afterall,willhavetobegivenethicalinstructions

ofsomesortbyitshumanprogrammers.Thathasledtoaboomfbrtheworld'sprofessional

ethicists,whosuddenlyfindthemselvesinhotdemand.

InapaperjustpublishedinNature,ateamofpsychologistsandcomputerscientists,led

byEdmondAwadoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）,describeadifferent

approach.48

Theycreatedawebsitewhichpresentsvisitorswithaseriesofchoicesaboutwhomto

saveandwhomtokill.Thewebsiteprovedahit.Intheenditgatherednearly40mdecisions.

Thestrongestpreferences,expressedbyrespondentsfromallovertheworld,werefor

savinghumanlivesoveranimalones,preferringtosavemanyratherthanfewandprioritising

childrenovertheold.49

IyadRahwan,acomputerscientistatMITandoneofthepaper'sauthors,saysthatmany

peopledismissthetrolleyproblemaspointlessasitisunlikelytoariseinreallife.Heis

unconvinced.Thespecificsituationsdescribedbythewebsitemayhardlyeveroccur,hesays.

50Hegivestheexampleofovertakingcyclists:t4Ifyoustayrelativelyneartothe

cyclelane,you'reincreasingthechanceofhittingacyclist,butreducingthechanceofhitting

anothercarinthenextlaneover,^^hesays.

A.Butallsortsofchoicesmadebythefirmsproducingself-drivingcarswillaffectwholives

andwhodiesinindirectways.

B.Ratherthanaskingphilosophersfortheirthoughts,theydecidedinsteadtoaskthepublic.

C.Thatseemstoconflictwithmostpeople'smoralpreferences.

D.Thepreferenceforsavingwomen,forinstance,wasstrongerinplaceswithhigherlevels

ofgenderequality.

E.Therewereweakerpreferencesforsavingwomenovermen,pedestriansoverpassengers

inthecarandfortakingactionratherthandoingnothing.

F.Theexcitementaroundself-drivingcars,though,hasmadetheproblemfamous.

六、概要寫作

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemain

ideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

SharkattacksinU.S.waters—andhowcommontheyreallyare

ThefirstAmericansharkpanicbeganinthehotsummerof1916,whenaseriesof

attacksoftheJerseyShorekilledfourintwoweeks.Thiswasthoughttobetheworkofa

singlegreatwhiteshark-aspeciesnativetotheAtlanticcoastandthesamelikelyinvolved

inrecentattacks.Inatimewhenlittlewasknownaboutbeastsfromthedeep,thedeathswere

bignews.Onepaperwarnedthat,facingascarcityoffish,thesharkhad"probablyacquireda

tasteforhumanflesh.”

But1916didnotstartanewtimeofhuman-huntingsharks.Therateofattacksinthe

U.S.stayedrelativelystable,attwoorthreeperyear,fordecades.Fromthe1950son,that

numberrosewithhumanpopulationgrowth,anditsattendantincreaseofpeopleinthewater.

Globally,bothnumbershavebeenclimbingfastersincethelate1980sandintothe21st

century,butsuchencounterswithsharksarestillremarkablyuncommongiventhatthehuman

試卷第10頁，共12頁

populationissome7.5billion.In2017,53oftheworld's88confirmedattackstookplaceon

U.S.coastlines,with31inFlorida-buteventhere,you'refarlesslikelytobekilledbya

sharkthanbylightning.Thankstobeachsafetyandhospitalaccess,onlyfiveoflastyear's

globalattackswerefatal.

“Ifsharkswereactivelyhuntingpeople,we'dseefarmoreattacks,saysGavinNaylor,

directorattheFloridaMuseum'sProgramforSharkResearch.

Statistically,sharkshavefarmoretofearfromusthanwedofromthem-fisherieswipe

outanestimated100millioneachyear,andclimatechangeandotherhumanactivityhave

threatenedsharkhabitats,sendingtheirglobalpopulationintodecline.Butthatdoesn'tmake

itanylesssadwhenthebeastsbiteback.

七、漢譯英（整句）

52.這個(gè)名不見經(jīng)傳的小村落每個(gè)季節(jié)都有自己獨(dú)特的美麗。（unique）（漢譯英）

53.盡管感到精疲力竭，但這位馬拉松選手并沒有半途而廢。（halfway）（漢譯英）

54.沒想到這個(gè)記者這么快就給我回信了，所以我迫不及待地拆開信封，想看看她寫了

什么。（expect）（漢譯英）

55.發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)不能忽略生態(tài)環(huán)境，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)也不能舍棄經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。（nor）（漢譯英）

八、申請(qǐng)信

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructions

givenbelowinChinese.

假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，最近你所在社區(qū)的圖書館正在招募志愿者，暑期來圖

書館服務(wù)，負(fù)責(zé)接待來館借閱的外籍人士。你有意報(bào)名，寫一封申請(qǐng)信給圖書館，內(nèi)容

須包括：

1）你的意愿；

2）你認(rèn)為自己適合這一志愿者工作的理由。

試卷第12頁，共12頁

參考答案:

1.weredriving2.something3.As##Since##Because4.to

distract5.Ro7.who8.wasallowed9.screaming10.that

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了攝影師史蒂夫?溫特和作家道格拉斯?查德威克

在印度的卡茲蘭加國家公園僥幸脫險(xiǎn)的故事。

1.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他們開車進(jìn)入公園開始拍攝時(shí)，他們的向?qū)Ｏ录哲?，從他們?/p>

面的路中間移走一只烏龜。bedoing…when…正在做某事的時(shí)候，突然……。陳述過去事情，

所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主語是they,所以謂語動(dòng)詞用were。故填weredriving。

2.考查代詞。句意：但當(dāng)查德威克回頭看路的時(shí)候，他看到了可怕的一幕：一頭犀牛向他

們沖來！結(jié)合句意，肯定句中，用不定代詞something,放在形容詞之前。故填something。

3.考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)橄Ｃ啃r(shí)可以跑超過25英里，所以沒有時(shí)間跳回車?yán)?。結(jié)合句

意可知，前后句為因果關(guān)系，所以用連詞as/since/because,表示原因。故填A(yù)s/Since/Because。

4.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：槍的裂紋和子彈踢起的泥土足以分散襲擊者的注意力，子彈在

擊中他們之前幾秒鐘就轉(zhuǎn)向了草地。enoughtodo足夠做某事。故填todistract。

5.考查形容詞。句意：事情沒有變得更糟，他們松了一口氣，繼續(xù)開車。形容詞relieved,

意為“放松的”，在句中作狀語。故填Relieved。

6.考查介詞。句意：吉普車匆匆停下，但這次動(dòng)物們似乎不感興趣，消失在森林里。名詞

theforest前用介詞形式。介詞into表示“到...里面故填into。

7.考查定語從句。句意：然而，就在這時(shí)，一直在照看孩子的三只熊的媽媽從樹林里沖了

出來。先行詞為themotherofthethree,在非限定性定語從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who

引導(dǎo)。故填who。

8.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：向?qū)Ыo他在卡茲蘭加的客人定了一條規(guī)矩：任何人都不能害怕。

陳述過去事情，用一般過去時(shí)。主語noone與allow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故

填wasallowed<.

9.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著引擎的呼嘯聲，汽車終于開動(dòng)了。介詞with后賓語theengine

與scream之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填screaming。

10.考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：即使在那時(shí)，犀牛也在追趕他們，直到500英尺后，她才放棄追逐。

本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：itwas+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句。故填that。

答案第1頁，共14頁

11.A12.C13.E14.I15.B16.H17.D18.J19.F20.G

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了第一個(gè)地球日的盛況，以及一些專家對(duì)于環(huán)境問題的不

同態(tài)度。呼吁人們參與地球日，重視環(huán)境問題。

11.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：42個(gè)州通過了支持地球日的決議。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填

入動(dòng)詞作謂語。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，動(dòng)詞adopted”采取，正式通過"，adoptedresolutions"通過決議”

符合題意。故選A。

12.考查名詞。句意:它有時(shí)被描述為到那時(shí)為止歷史上最大規(guī)模的公開示威。根據(jù)“thelargest

public”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)“Lecturesandgatheringstookplaceatmorethan2,000

collegecampuses,10,000elementaryandhighschools,andthousandsofotherplacesacrossthe

country.”可知，it指代的是上文所描述的在2,000多所大學(xué)，10,000多所小學(xué)和高中，還有

整個(gè)國家其它成千的地方發(fā)生的演講和聚集活動(dòng)，故名詞demonstration"游行，示威“，符合

題意。故選C。

13.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：圍繞這一事件的演講和文獻(xiàn)中有許多關(guān)于未來的令人沮喪的預(yù)測，這

些可以在《環(huán)境手冊(cè)》一書中找到。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語。結(jié)合句

意，關(guān)于未來的預(yù)測是包含在講座和文獻(xiàn)中的，動(dòng)詞featured”以……為特色，以……為主要

組成”，符合題意。故選E。

14.考查形容詞。句意：受“地球之友”組織委托，這本書討論了人口增長和不可再生資源枯

竭的威脅。根據(jù)“of4resources”可知，空格前后為介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，所以應(yīng)填入形容詞修

飾名詞resources“資源結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，形容詞nonrenewable”不可再生的“，符合題意。故選I。

15.考查形容詞。句意：該報(bào)告的許多作者——讓我們稱他們?yōu)闉?zāi)難論者——警告說，即使

是將人口數(shù)量減半和完全停止經(jīng)濟(jì)增長這樣的行動(dòng)，也可能不足以防止正在來臨的生態(tài)災(zāi)難。

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾名詞disasters“災(zāi)難根據(jù)上文“predictions

abouttheftiture”可知，書中描述的關(guān)于未來的預(yù)測，所以該句中的災(zāi)難是將要發(fā)生的。

approaching為approach”接近，臨近''的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，可充當(dāng)形容詞作定語。Approaching

意為“正在來臨的“，符合題意。故選B。

16.