小學(xué)到初一英語知識點

湘少版小學(xué)英語教材英語基礎(chǔ)知識總結(jié)1．字母：（大小）辨認(rèn)、書寫順序；元音字母：Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu2.數(shù)字：1~999的基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的運用，如計算、購物、時間、日期等。句型：①What'syournumber?②What’sthetime?③Howmanypensarethere?④Howoldareyou?⑤Howmuchisit?⑥Howtallareyou?⑦Howheavyareyou？⑧Whattimedoyougetup?⑨When'syourbirthday?⑩Whattimedidyouseehim?3.顏色：單詞：red,pink,yellow,brown,blue,purple,orange,black,white,green.句型：①Whatcolourisit?②What’syourfavouritecolour?4.時間：年、季節(jié)、月、星期、日、時刻：Season(spring,summer,autumn,winter)Month:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.1Week:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.Day:1stMay(thefirstofMay),May2nd(Maythesecond)句型：見話題2。5.食品與飲料：人對食品與飲料的喜好；東西方食品。句型：①Ilikebiscuits.②I’dlikeacolddrink.③Wouldyoulikesomebuns?④Doyouwantsomerice?⑤Thisisn’tmyfood.6.服裝：服裝的顏色：人對服裝的喜好；某人的穿戴；所屬關(guān)系；位置等。句型：①IlikethegreenT-shirt.②Where’smynewcap?③Who’sshirtisthis?④Isthisyourhat?7.物品：名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)；特點、顏色、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置（in,on,under,beside,behind,infrontof,above,near,inside,outside）。玩具（toycar,doll,）文具（desk,book,bag,pen,pencil,pencil-box,ruler,pencilsharpener,）句型：2①What’sthis?②Whatcolourisit?③Whoseisthis?④Thisismybrother’spainting.⑤Ihaveapuppet.⑥There'sacarnearthehospital.⑦Wasitinthewardrobe?⑧Isthereabookonthedesk?⑨That'snotmine.8.動物和植物：cat,dog,duck,fish,sheep,bird,panda,monkey,rabbit,hen,cock,chick,tiger,lion,pig,cow,mouse(mice),elephant,ladybird,puppy,tree,flower,rose,9.建筑與場所：factory,hospital,park,house,library,museum,office,farm,postoffice,bank,policestation,railwaystation,bookstore,school,classroom,skatingrink,café,house(bathroom,living-room,sitting-room,bedroom,kitchen)，garden…10.身體：head,hair,eye,nose,ear,mouth,neck,hand,finger,foot(feet),toe…外貌:fat,thin,tall,short,old,young,twobigblueeyes,longhair,shorthair,blackhair.句型：①Thisismynose.②Touchyourhead.③Raiseyourarm.11.個人情況：姓名、年齡、地址、特點與愛好。句型：3①I'mtwelveyearsold.②Myhobbyisreading.③Ilikemusic.④I'minterestedinspace.⑤MynameisPeter.⑥I'mtallandthin.⑦Doyouhaveanyhobbies?12.家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、職業(yè)、特點與愛好、與你的關(guān)系family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend.句型：①Who'she?He'smyfather.②He'sadoctor③Helikesplayinggames.④Myfatherhelpsme.⑤Isheasoldier?⑥What’she?13.學(xué)校：學(xué)校建筑和學(xué)校生活。school,classroom,library,playground,Chinese,maths,English,music,computer,PE,art,science,句型：①Whendoyougotoschool?②WhattimedoyouhaveEnglish?14.情緒和身體狀態(tài)：4happy,sad,tired,angry,shy,sorry,well,sick,句型：①I'msick.②I'mhappy.③Wearesorry.④Ifeelsad.15.社交禮儀：禮貌用語；詢問與應(yīng)答。句型：問候①Hello./Hi.②Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.③Howareyou?④Howdoyoudo?⑤Gladtomeetyou./Nicetomeetyou.介紹①Mynameis…②I’mapupil.③I’m12.④Thisisourteacher,MissChen.⑤HeisfromJapan.道別①Goodbye./Bye.②Seeyou.③Goodnight.道謝①Thankyou./Thanks.②You’rewelcome.道歉①Sorry.②I’msorry.③Excuseme.請求①CanIhaveapuppy?②CanIborrowapencil?③Yes,please.④Ofcourse.祝愿①Happybirthday.②MerryChristmas.提供幫助①CanIhelpyou?②WhatcanIdoforyou?③What’sthematter?尋求幫助和建議①WhatcanIdo?用餐①Doyouwantsomesoup?②Wouldyoulikesomerice?③I'dlikeacolddrink.購物①Whichonedoyouwant?②CanIlookatit?③Iwantaredone,please.④It'stooexpensive.⑤Haveyougotenoughmoney?⑥Howmuchisit？16.國家與國慶日：China,Japan,America(theUSA),English(theUK),Australia,Russia,Canada,Singapore,India,France,句型：①When’syourcountry’sNationalDay?5②IcomefromChina.17.天氣與氣候特征：hot,cold,cool,warm,sun,sunny,rain,heavyrain,rainy,wind,strongwind,windy,snow,heavysnow,cloud,cloudy,…句型：①What'stheweatherlike?②It’sacoldday.③Springiswarmandnice.④Tomorrowwillberainy.⑤Ilikeasunnyday.18.節(jié)日：節(jié)日的特點；節(jié)日的活動。NewYear'sDay,SpringFestival,Children'sDay,Mid-autumnFestival,Teachers'Day,NationalDay,ChristmasDay,DragonBoatFestival.19.正在發(fā)生的事情：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動作和發(fā)生的事。句型：①Areyoumakingakite?②Peteriswriting.③What'sAnnedoing?④Whereareyougoing?⑤Whataretheydoing?⑥Isherunning?20.日常生活：日常生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)的活動。句型：6①Icometoschoolbybus.②Yourhomeworkisgood.③Whattimedoyougetup?④Shealwaysgetupearly.21.計劃與打算：計劃和將要進(jìn)行的動作begoingtodo…句型：①I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)goingtoswim.②Areyougoingtoswim?③Ishe/shegoingtovisitAnne?④Whatareyougoingtodo?⑤Whatishegoingtodo?⑥Whenaretheygoingtoswim?⑦Tomorrowwillberainy.⑧I'llstayathome.22.能力和可能：能做某事或可能進(jìn)行某事。句型：①CanyoureadandwriteinEnglish?②CanIhaveapuppy?③Whatcanyoudo?④Shecanrunfast.23.過去發(fā)生的事情或過去的打算：過去式。句型：7①Wherewereyou?②Whowasfirst?③Wasitinthewardrobe?④Bennytookmyball.⑤Wheredidyougo?⑥Whatdidyoudo?⑦Icamebyplane.⑧Annewantedtoskate.24.對事物的比較：比較級和最高級。句型：①Mysingingislouderthanyours.②I’mtallerthanyou.③TheremoreshopsinPictureOne.④Somestoriesaremoreinterestingthanothers.⑤Themostinterestingstories.⑥Whoisfatter?25.提醒與告示：①Whatdoesthatsignmean?②Drawacatontheroof.③Don'tputyourfeetontheseat.④Nospeaking.⑤Donotgoin.26.擅長和喜歡的事情：①I'm/You're/He'sgoodatdrawing.8②Ilikeplayingbasketball.七年級英語湘教版上冊英語知識點總結(jié)與測試題【知識梳理】I.重點短語1.Sitdown2.onduty3.inEeon10.atwork11.atschool12.puton13.lookafter14.getup15.goshoppingII.重要句型1.helpsb.dosth.2.Whatabout…?3.Let’sdosth.4.It’stimetodosth.5.It’stimefor…6.What’s…?Itis…/It’s…7.Whereis…?It’s….8.Howoldareyou?I’m….9.Whatclassareyouin?I’min….10.Welcometo….11.What’s…plus…?It’s….12.Ithink…13.Who’sthis?Thisis….14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….915.Thereis(are)….16.Whatcolourisit(arethey)?It’s(They’re)…17.Whose…isthis?It’s….18.Whattimeisit?It’s….III.交際用語1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.10.Who’sondutytoday?11.Let’sdo.12.Letmesee.IV.重要語法1.動詞be的用法；2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4.冠詞的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1.in/on在表示空間位置時，in表示在某個空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有只鳥。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時間、地點上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that事，those時that的復(fù)數(shù)YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.你看看這個個盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要Takethesebookstohisroom,please.請把這些書拿到他房間Thisismine;that’syours.這個Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果，(2)在打電話的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰？常常用來指在時間、地點上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點的人和形式。例如：盒子，我去看那邊的那這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。去。是我的，那個是你的。那些是橘子。是對方。例如：3.Therebe/haveTherebe"有"，其確切含意為"某處或某時+表示狀語。Therebe后面的名詞際實上是主語，be動詞的語在數(shù)上保持一致，be動詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Therebe+某人或某物地點或時間的形式要和主后面的名詞10例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)Thereisadollinthebox.那個盒子里有個娃娃。(3)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4)Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個兄弟，一個姐姐。(5)Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個房間。4.look/see/watch(1)look表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作，表示有意識地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對方注意。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那邊那個是什么？/物，單獨使用是不及物動詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個動作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場面，表示全神貫注地觀看察或注視某事務(wù)的活動，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：圖上看到什么？到了什么？、觀YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4.puton//inputon意為“穿上，in是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動作,后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。、標(biāo)語和狀語。如：ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是John的媽媽。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午請到我家來。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在：于(1)fine指物時表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時表示的是"身體健康"，也可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一臺很好的機(jī)器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好時候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重人于或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚別人。例如：11Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很漂亮。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.見到你很高興。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。(3)good形容人時指"品德好"，形容物時指"質(zhì)量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是一個好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如：I'mverywell,thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。Myfriendssingwell.我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在：1.動詞be的用法；2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4.冠詞的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法。6.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯7.本單元學(xué)過的考試形式可是以單項填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。范例】、短語和句型；日常交際用語?！局锌?.(2004年北京市中考試題)Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動詞show后面跟雙賓語，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語。2.(2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)_________orangeonthedeskisforyou,Mike.A.AB.AnC./D.The【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因為是特指課桌上的那個橘子，所用以定冠詞the。3.(2004年哈爾濱市中考試題)---What_______thenumberofthegirlsinyourclass?---Abouttwenty.A.isB.amC.areD.be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動詞數(shù)第三人稱，動詞be變?yōu)閕s。4.(2004年陜西省中考試題)be的用法和主謂一致。thenumber作主語，應(yīng)該是單There_______afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是Therebe…句型和動詞have用法區(qū)別。Therebe句型本身就表示“在某個地方存在某個人或物”，不能和動詞have混在一起用。12【滿分演練】一.單項填空1.---Whatcolouristhebike?---It’s_______orange.A.anB.aC./D.the2.Thatisn’therbag.It’s________.A.myB.IC.mineD.me3.---Oh,yourkiteisverynice.---__________________.A.That’srightB.No,it’snotniceC.Yes,itisD.Thankyou4.Thewomanissixty,butshe_______young.A.isB.seesC.looksD.watches5.It’stime________lunch.Let’sgohome.A.toB.inC.forD.on6.---________isyourcoat?---Theblackone.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhichD.How7.---________isthetoy?---It’sonthebed.A.WhoB.WhereC.WhatD.Whose8.Theshoesaretooold.Put________overthere.A.itB.theyC.theirD.them9.Excuseme.Canyou_______mywatch,please?A.lookB.looklikeC.lookafterD.lookat10.Look_______theblackboardandlisten_______theteacher.A.//B.at;toC.after;/D.on;after11.---Whosedressisthis?---It’s_________.A.LucyB.Lucy’sC.JimD.Jim’s12.Thegirl______thepurplecoatishissister.A.atB.inC.onD.with13.Thereisabird______thetree.A.inB.onC.toD.of14.Therearemany________inourschool.A.womanteachersC.womenteacherB.womanteacherD.womenteachers15.---Isthereaballunderthedesk?---______________________.A.Yes,itisB.Yes,there’sD.No,thereisC.No,thereisn’t16.There_______somebooksandapencilonthedesk.A.amB.isC.areD.be17.---Letmehelpyou.---_______________.13A.You’rewelcomeC.Don’tworryB.ThanksverymuchD.Yes,thanks18.______oldmanis______Englishteacher.A.The;anB.An;anC.The;theD.A;a19.---What_____fiveplussix?---It’seleven.A.amB.isC.areD./20.---What______youseeinthepicture?---Icanseesomeflowers.A.mustB.canC.areD.do二.完形填空ThisisapictureofKat’s____1____.Whatcanwe____2_____inthepicture?Look____3____it,please.Theman____4____theblackcoatisKate’sfather,Mr.Green.The____5____intheredsweaterisMrs.Green.They____6____young.ThebabyisKate.ThelittleboyisKate’s____7_____,Jim.___8____themanbehindMrs.Green?Oh,he’s____9___brother,Mr.Read.He____10____young,too.1.A.familiesB.familyC.parentsD.brothers2.A.look3.A.atB.doB.afterB.ofC.seeC.forC.inD.putD.upD.to4.A.on5.A.man6.A.are7.A.sisterB.girlB.isC.womenD.womanC.looklikeD.lookingB.brotherC.fatherD.auntD.HowisD.theirD.very8.A.What’sB.Where’sC.Who’s9.A.hisB.herC.our10.A.looksB.amC.look三.在B欄中找出A欄英語句子的正確答語(A)(B)1.Howareyou?A.IaminRow6.B.Fine,thankyou.C.Yes,b-o-o-k,book.D.Itisten.2.Canyouspellit,please?3.Howdoyoudo?4.Whatrowareyouin?5.What’stwopluseight?6.Nicetomeetyou.7.Howoldareyou?8.Who’snothere?E.Nicetomeetyou,too.F.Iam14.G.WangPingis.H.It’shere.9.Whereisthebag?10.WhatisthisinEnglish?I.It’sabook.J.Howdoyoudo?四.完成對話：在對話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處Jim:Excuseme,Ann.Whoseblackdogisthis?Isityours?Ann:Letmehavealook.________1_______.Ithinkit’sSam’s.Mydogisbrown.Jim:Sam,lookatthedogbehindthetree.________2__________?Sam:Sorry,itisn’tmine.Mydogisblackandwhite.IthinkitlookslikeMary’s.Jim:_____________3______________?14Sam:She’smyfriend.Look!She’soverthere.Let’sgoandaskher.Jim:_______________4_______________.Sam:Hi,Mary!Isthatdogyours?Mary:_______________5_______________.Sam:It’salovelydog!Don’tloseit!Mary:Yes,thankyou.A.Who’sMaryB.OK,let’sgoC.Oh,noit’snotmineD.Oh,yes.It’smineE.Isityours五.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.________(He)penisin______(I)pencil-box.2.________(You)shoes________(be)underthebed.3.________(Who)newruleristhis?4.---Arethesetrousers_______(you)?---No,theyaren’t________(we)5.It’stime________(go)andplaygames.6.Thisismypen.Pleasegiveitto________(I).7.Ihavetwo________(baby).8.Look!Thatisa________(China)car.9.Itis__________(myteacher)sweater.10.Nowher________(parent)areinAmerica.六.閱讀理解(A)Bobwasborninabigandrichfamily.Hisfatherisauniversityprofessor.HeteachesAmericanhistory.Hismotherisaverycapablewoman.Sheisthemanagerofabigcompany.Sheearnsalotofmoney,ofcourse.Bobhastwosistersandabrother.Hiseldersister,Jenny,isfourteen.Shestudiesinamiddleschool.Hisyoungersister,Ann,isten.Shestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.Shehasaverygoodmemory.Sheisclever.Hisyoungerbrother,Dick,isonlysix.Hehasjuststartedgoingtoschool.Bobgetsonwellwithhisfamily.Heisongoodtermsnotonlywithhisparents,butalsowithhissistersandbrother.(haveafriendlyrelationshipwithsb.)Heis,inaword,anappleintheireyes.根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤：正確地答“A”，錯誤的答“B”。1.Bobwasborninasmallandrichfamily.2.Hehastwobrothersandasister.3.Therearefivepeopleinhisfamily.4.Dickisonlysix.Hestudiesinaprivateprimaryschool.5.“Heisanappleintheireyes”means“Theylovehimverymuch”.(B)Lookattheclotheslineinthetwins'bedroom.Therearesomeclothesonit.Youcanseeagreenblouseandayellowskirt.Thetrousersontheclotheslineareblack.Theyarenotnewbutclean.AretheyLily'sclothes?No.IknowtheyareLucy's.Lily'sclothesareonaclothestreenearthewindow.Hertrousersarebrown,herblouseiswhiteandherskirtisblue.Thereisanewhatonthe15clothestree,butit'snotLily's,it'sLucy's.ThereisanoldhatonLucy'sbedintheroom,it'sLily's.Therearenoclothesontheotherbed,thebedisLily's.1.Whatcanyouseeinthebedroom?Icansee__________.A.aclotheslineB.atreeC.abed2.WhatcolourareLucy'strousers?Theyare________.A.greenB.blackC.brown3.WhereisLucy'shat?It'son