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摘要:西方質(zhì)詢制度與我國的質(zhì)詢制度存在著很多不同,最大的區(qū)別在于:西方的立

法機(jī)關(guān)只能質(zhì)詢政府,我國法律規(guī)定人大不但可以質(zhì)詢政府,也可以質(zhì)詢法院。然而這一規(guī)

定與現(xiàn)行憲法排除了全國人大對最高人民法院質(zhì)詢的規(guī)定相違背。通過比較歷次立法的變化

它的用法,希望能對同學(xué)們有所幫助。

一、it用作代詞的用法

1.用來指時間、地點、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等。例如:

---Whattimeisit?

---Itisteno'clocknow.

Iliswindytoday.

Itisabouttenminutes,walkfromheretothestation.

注:it表示時間時有幾個重要句型,同學(xué)們要注意掌握他們的用法及其區(qū)別。

1)Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...”是該做某事的時候了

該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬。有時也用“should+

動詞原形",should不能省。例如:

Ilistimethatwehadbreakfast.

IIt's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.

2)Itbethefirst(second...)timethat...”第幾次做某事了”。.

該句型中的that從句用完成時態(tài)。如果主句動詞be是一般現(xiàn)在時,后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時

態(tài);如果主句動詞be是一?般過去時,后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去。

例如:

It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.

ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenpraised.

3)Itbe+段時間+since..."自從...以來”

該句型時間的計算一律從since從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。主句中的be動詞通常為

?般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),since引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)。如果主句是一般過去

時,從句則用過去完成時。例如:

Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來已經(jīng)有三年了。

Itisthreeyearssincehewasinourclass他離開我們班有三年了。

Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在這兒住有三年了。

4)Itbe+點時間+when..."當(dāng)..的時候,是...."例如:

該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。Be動詞的時態(tài)沒有明確限制,點時間

前不加介詞。例如:

Itwasalreadytwelveo'clockwhenhecamehere.

5)Itbe+段時間+before...”多久之后才...”不久....就....

該句型主句中be動詞的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài).主句中的表語多是

long,notlong,days,weeks等表示時間段的詞或短語。例如:

Itwillbenotlongbeforewemeetagain.不久我們就會再見面的。

2.用來指代前面提到過的事物或情況。例如:

Thisisnotmypen.It'sTom's.

注:it,them,one,ones,that,和Ihose都可以作替代詞,它們的用法區(qū)別是高考考查熱點。

1)讓指代上文出現(xiàn)的同一個事物,既可以指代可數(shù)名詞,也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)

數(shù)形式是Ihem。例如:

-Haveyouseenmypen?

---Yes,it'sinthedesk.

2)one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,泛指同類事物中的一個;其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,泛指一些。例如:

Ipreferaflatineastdistricttooneinwestdistrict.

Theykeeponeblackdogandtwowhiteones.

3)that用來替代前面提到的特指事物,既可以指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞。

代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以用theone替代。其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those,指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表特指。例如:

Theweatherhereisnotsogoodasthatthere.

Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.

3.用來指人。多指嬰兒或指身份不明的人(通常是只聞其聲,不見其人時)。例如:

-Whoisknockingatthedoor?

-ItmustbeTom..

經(jīng)典高考例題

l.Mymostfamousrelativeofall,whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRebSussel,my

greatgrand-mother.(江蘇06)

A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone

2.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but__didn'thelp.(NMET93)

A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

3.—Doyoulike_here?(全國1104)

---Oh,yes,Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.

A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it

4.-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.

—Whenwas___?

---___wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.(NMET98)

A.thatjtB.this:ThisC.this:ItD.that:This

5.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblem-infactfarmoreserious_thanmobilephonesdo.(江

西05)

A.oneB.onesC.itD.those

6.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,Iwillalways

treasure.(全國02)

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what

7.We'vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven'tfoundwelikeyet.(浙江05)

A.oneB.onesC.itD.them

8.rmmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthaninthecity.(江蘇

05)

A.OnesB.oneC.thatD.those

9.Weneedanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade__fromsomewoodwehad.(全國IV

04)

A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another

10.1intendedtocomparenoteswithafriend.butunfortunatelycouldn'tsparemeevenone

minute.(重慶04)

A.theyB.oneC.whoD.it

11.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.lt*syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.(安徽05)

A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since

12.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears___hisworksunfinished.(福建04)

A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when

13.―DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

---Yes,itwasnotyeteighto'clock___hearrivedhome.(福建05)

A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until

14.TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

(NMET01)

A.theyB.itC.oneD.which

15.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didn'thelp.(全國III05)

A.itB.sheC.whichD.he

16.1preferaflatinInvernessto___inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom"s.(天津05)

A.oneB.thatC.itD.this

17.1hopethereareenoughglasseforeachguesttohave.(NMET1995)

A.itB.thoseC.themD.one

18.Itwassometime_werealizedthetruth.(lll東05)

A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before

19.Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.(北京春05)

A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when

20.1wasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.(NMET93)

A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it

21.Fewpleasurescanequalofacooldrinkonahotday.(NMET99)

A.someB.anyC.thatD.those

Key:l.B2.D3.D4.A5.B6.B7.A8.C9.B10.All.D12.C13.B14.B15.A16.A17.D18.D19.B

20.D22.C

二、it用作形式主語。

it常用來代替不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句,位于句首,而被替代的真正主語后置。

常見的句型有下面幾種:

1.It's+名詞/形容詞+不定式。例如:

ItisdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.

It*shisdutytohelptheoldwoman.

2.It*s+名詞+動名詞短語。這樣的名詞有worth,use,good,fun,awasteof,job,task等。例如:

It'sfundoingthis.

Itisnotaneasytaskdoingthiswork.

It'snousearguingwithhim.

It'swellworthlisteningtothemusicagain.

3.Ifs+過去分詞+名詞性從句。常用于該句型的過去分詞有:

said,told,reported,known,suggested,hoped,expected等。例如:

It'ssaidthathehasgonetoLondonforfurtherstudy.

It'sreportedthatthepresidentwillcometovisitourcity.

4.Ifs+名詞/形容詞+名詞性從句。例如:

It'snowonderthathefailedintheexam.

ItisimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.

Itisasurprisethatyougavesuchananswertothequestion.

Itisprobablethathehasknowneverything.

5.Ittakes/costssb.sometime/somemoneytodosth..例如:

Ittookmetwohourstofinishthetask.

Itcostmetwentydollarstohireabike.

6.It+動詞+從句:這樣的動詞有seem,happen,appear,look,matter,turnout,striketo,occur

to(突然想起)等。例如:

ItoccurredtomethatIshouldhaveatalkwithmyteacher.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorainthisafternoon.

Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouagreeornot.

7.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…"(不)像某人做某事的風(fēng)格例如:

Itwas(just)likehimtocheatintheexam..

8.Itisuptosb.todosth.“該由某人負(fù)責(zé)干某事如:

Itisuptoyoutolookafterthechildren.

高考例題

1.-Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe_Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptomoon?

…Perhapstwoorthreeyears.(福建06)

A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before

2.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET95)

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

3.IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET89)

A.thisB.thatC.itD.he

4.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(上海

01)

A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

5.Doesmatterifhecan*tfinishthejobontime?(MET91)

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

6.TheForeignMinistersaid,uourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.(北京

04)

A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.itis

7.intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail

account.(上海05)

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.itrequires

KEY;1.D2.D.3.C.4.D.5.D.6.D7.C

三、it用作形式賓語

不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作賓語時,如果后面帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語,常用it作形式賓

語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后血。

1.主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+真正賓語。例如:

Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere

Theyhavemadeitaruletolistentomusicbeforegoingtobed.

Ithinkitnogoodlearningwithoutthinking.

2.主語+謂語+il+真正賓語。這里的謂語通常是表示“喜歡、憎恨”等心理方面動詞如

like,hate,enjoy,prefer等。例如:

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.

3.特殊句式中的形式賓語。如“oweittosb.that....把....歸功于....;leaveittosbthat..........

把留給某人去做;takeitforgrantedthat想當(dāng)然;keepitinmindthat…記?。籹eeto

itthat…務(wù)必,確保;depend/relyonitthat…相信,毫無疑問”等。例如:

Seetoitthattheworkisdonewell.

Youcandependonitthatheissuretosucceed.

經(jīng)典高考例題

1.1"dappreciate__ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(lil東06)

A.thatB.itCthisD.you

2.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade__herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople*s

affairsinthattown.(湖南06)

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it

3.AwarmthughtsuddenlycametomeImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowers

formotherJsbirthday.(安徽06)

A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which

4.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.

(MET90)

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

5.Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

6.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(全國I

05)

A.thatB.itC.thisD.him

7.1likeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(全國I05)

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one

KEY;1.B,2.D3.C4.D5.A6.B7,C

四、it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

其句型是:1+十被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞以外的

任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時需注意以下幾點:

1.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分往往是句子的主語、賓語、時間狀語和地點狀語,但有時也可強(qiáng)調(diào)比較復(fù)雜

的內(nèi)容,如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、notuntil...>notonly...butalso...、...aswellas...等

結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

ItwasTomwhobrokethewindow.

Itwasintheeveningthathebrokeintothehouse.

2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時,只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句。例如:

Itwasbecauseitrainedthatthemeetingwasputoff..

3.在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until?起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上。例如:

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is/Wasit…who/that…?例如:

WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?

5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為:特殊疑問詞+is/wasitthat…?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句只

能強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞)。例如:

Whenisitthatyouwillgoabroad?

Whowasitthatyoutalkedwithjustnow?

當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句中的特殊疑問詞時,要用陳述結(jié)構(gòu)。BP:”……特殊疑問詞+it+is/was

that…”例如:

Iwonderwhatitisthattheyaretalkingabout.

經(jīng)典高考例題

l.Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired__herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.(遼寧06)

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as.

2.1justwondermakeshimsoexcited(.lL|東06)

A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis

3.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

(NMET97)

A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when

4.ItwasnotshetookoffherglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

(NMET92)

A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then

5.Itwasn'untilnearlyamonthlater___Ireceivedthemanager*sreply.(全國I05)

A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that

6.1tiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaymatters.(天津05)

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this

7.---___thathemanagedtogettheinformation?(山東05)

■--Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.

A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit

8.Itwasaftertheinventionofprinting___topublishlargenumbersofbooksandpictures.(上海

春05)

A.werepeopleableB.thatpeoplewereable

C.whenwerepeopleableD.peoplewereable

9.WhyIhavenothingtoconfess.___youwantmetosay.

A.WhatisitthatB.WhatiristhatC.HowitthatD.Howitisthat

10.ltwas___backhomeaftertheexamination.(湖北04)

A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgo

C.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo

1Litwaswithgreatjoy___hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.(福建04)

A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that

12.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalpeople___.(上海春04)

A.wasthemountainclimberrescued

B.thatthemountainclimberwasrescued

C.whenthemountainclimberwasrescued

D.thenmountainclimberwasrescued

KEY;l.A2.D3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.B9.A10.Cll.D12.B

五、用于固定短語中

1.makeit約定時間;做到;成功。

Youdon'thavetoworryihe511makeit.

Zforgetit沒關(guān)系;別在意;算了吧。

■--HowmuchdoIoweyou?

■一Forgetit.

3.watchit注意

You'dbetterwatchit.Ifyougetintotroubleagain,youHlbefired.

4.itdepends視情況認(rèn)而定

---Howmanysoldierswillbesentthere?

---Itdepends.

5.footit步行;走路

FmsorryFmlate---1missedthebusandIhadtofootit.

6.asitis事實上;像現(xiàn)在這樣Don'ttouchit,leaveitasitis.

7.It,suptoyou由你決定;聽你的

It'suptoyoutodecidewherewearegoingto.

8.takeiteasy別緊張;別急

Takeiteasywhenyou'reonthestage.

Takeiteasy;we'vegotplentyoftime.

9.ca

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