四級2019年12月考試真題第一套

四級2019年12月考 （第一套Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishin .Please mendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part Listening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)ThenumberofmalenurseshasgoneThereisdiscriminationagainstmaleThereisagrowingshortageof ThenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordA)Working C)InadequateEducational D)CulturalQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Hefelloutofa C)HelosthiswayonaHewasalmost D)HeenjoyedswimmingintheA)ThelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheThebeachisagoodcetowatchtheTheemergencyservicesareThebeachisapopulartouristQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Itclimbed25storeysatone C)ItescapedfromalocalItbrokeintoanoffice D)ItbecameanonlineA)Releaseitintothe C)SenditbacktotheReturnittoits D)GiveitaphysicalA)AraccooncanperformactsnohumanAraccooncanclimbmuchhigherthanaTheraccoondidsomethingnopoliticianTheraccoonbecameasfamousassomeSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ShereceivedabonusShegotawell-payingjobinaShereceivedherfirstmonthlyShegotapayraiseforherA)Twodecades C)JustlastSeveralyears D)RightafterA)HesentasmallchecktohisHetreatedhisparentstoaniceHetookafewofhisfriendstoaHeimmediaydepositeditinaA)Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.C)BuysomeprofessionalVisitherformeruniversity D)BudgethersalaryQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HehasjusttoomanythingstoattendHehasbeenoverworkedHehasadifficultdecisiontoHehasjustquarreledwithhisA)TurntohisgirlfriendforGiveprioritytothingsmoreThinktwicebeforemakingtheSeekadvicefromhisfamilyandA)HisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisHeisnotparticularlykeenonthejobHelacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralHisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentA)TheyneedtimetomakeTheyhaven’tstartedtheircareersTheyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforTheyhaven’twontheirparents’SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ExpressingideasandopinionsEnrichingsocialandinlectualAcquiringinformationandprofessionalUsinginformationtounderstandandsolveA)TravelingtodifferentcesintheB)yinggamesthatchallengeone’sImprovingmind-readingReadingclassicscientific A)ParticipateindebatesorExposethemselvestodifferent albiasesandGiveothersdomtoexpressQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofThenatureofrelationshipsbetweenThereasonagreatmanypeopleloveHowdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithA)TheybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyTheyhaveanunusualsenseofTheycanrespondtohumans’TheycanfallinlovejustlikeA)TheystaywithonepartnerforTheyhavetheirownjoysandTheyexperiencetrueromanticTheyhelphumansinvariousQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Arare C)AcowAhistorical D)ApreciousA)Dating C)MeasuringPreserving D)IdentifyingA)ThechannelneedstointerviewtheTheboyshouldhavecalledanTheboy’sfamilyhadactedThesiteshouldhavebeenA)ConductamoredetailedAsktheuniversitytorewardSearchforsimilarfossilsSeekadditionalfundsforthePart Reading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairnetravel.Ifyouareonanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory(呼吸道)es27onairnes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample—oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsick,accordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairnepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.Priortothenewstudy,littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedcommonrespiratory es,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairne,theresearcherssaid.So,to therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different intheU.S.duringthefluseason.Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson sideofainfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.l)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsGettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere’sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefutureisacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWe’llLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses“rapid,long-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale.”“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterborne(水運(yùn)的)century,the19thcenturyarailcentury,the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury—andthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobe esincreasinglyconnectedbyair,”Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda’sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears.“Fromtheoutset,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,”saysKasarda.“TheernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternationalBusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltatthesametimeasthenewairport.”Songdoisastone’sthrowfromSouthKorea’sIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub(樞紐).Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaceasan“internationalbusinessdistrict”doesn’tmeanitwill eone.ParkYeonSooconceived(構(gòu)想)thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby.Parkseeshimselfasavisionary.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park’sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36,000peoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It’saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonformertidalflatsalongtheYellowSea.There’saCoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseandChancesareyou’veactuallyseenthisce.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.“GangnamStyle”referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.Butsomeofthe wasfilmedinSongdo.“Idon’tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,”saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon’sBartlettSchoolofnning.“Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit’snewandnice.”Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Butthat’snothowithasturnedout.Songdo’sreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there’salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecomer,there’saStarbucksanda7-Eleven—alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays. Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingbabycarriages,oldwomenwithwalkers—eveninthemiddleoftheday,whenit’s90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhissareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat’stheproblem:SongdohaseapopularKoreancity—morepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessone.It’snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatnnersimagined.“It’sagreatcetolive.Andit’s ingagreatcetowork,”saysScottSummers,vice-ofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhis ’sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacfullofsmallboatsandpeoplefishing.Shimmering(閃爍的)glasstowerslinethec’sedge.“What’shappenedisthatourfocusoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirsthasenabledtheresidentstolivehere,”Summerssays.Butthereneedstobestrongeconomicincentivesforcompaniestolocatehere.Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn’tfeelallthatfuturistic.There’sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody’sevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamsalizedlanguageorexerciseButthisisnotStarTrek.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.“I’m,like,inprisonforweekdays.That’swhatwecallitintheworkce,”saysawomaninher20s.doesn’twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.“IsayI’mprison-breakingonFridaynights.”Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There’snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20 ParkYeonSoo,themanwhofirstimaginedSongdo,feelsfrustrated,too.HesayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,“l(fā)ikeMercedesorBMW.It’sagoodcarnow.Butwe’rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.”Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompanies.Songdo’sbackerscontendthatit’sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurbandesignatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple.“Therehavebeenalotofutopian(的)citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon’tknowaboutalotofthemisthattheyhavevanishedentirely.”Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.Songdo’spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessThemanwhoconceivedSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisAsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicwasshotinSongdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopAirneswill ethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaSongdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtoSomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocominaboutboredomintheworkAbusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationalAccordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhatwillhappeninthefuture.ParkYeonSoo,whoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththeSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy(征稅)1.5centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia’snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecountry.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It’sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalpre-kindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapuseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyists,madesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxin“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages—includinglow-andno-caloriechoices,”saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.”Anindustry-backedanti-taxnhasspentatleast$4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure,characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherces,”saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.“Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.It’snot‘justBerkeley’anymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia’sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado’sBoulderareinghot-buttonissues.Healthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecoming.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinItwillchangethelifestyleofmanyItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowItwillcutsodaconsumption eItmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodaWhatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxBargainwiththecity C)TakelegalactionagainstRefusetopayadditional D)TrytowinpublicWhatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxndoaboutthesodataxIttriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongIttriedtowingrocers’supportagainsttheItkeptsendinglettersoftotheItcriticizedthemeasurethroughWhatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwouldAlertpeopletotheriskofsugar-inducedHelppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthAddtothefundfortheirresearchon epeopleacrosstheWhatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeotherThey ingrathersensitiveTheyarespreadingpanicinthesodaTheyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-inducedTheyaretakingawayalotofprofitfromthesodaPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingPopfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliances “status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingcon