完整英語高考不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞

英語高考不規(guī)則動詞變化 集中識記2017/1/20一、A—A—A型，即原形、過去式和過去分詞三者都相同。（共9個）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即過去式、過去分詞相同。（共41個）1過去式和過去分詞都含有-ought.（3個）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2詞尾有-ild，-end時，只需把d變?yōu)閠0（4個）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent.過去式、過去分詞都含有-aught.（2個）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught.把-eep變?yōu)?ept0（3個）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept把-ell變?yōu)?old0（2個）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold.過去式、過去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt0（4個）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt.過去式、過去分詞都在原形詞尾加t0（3個）learn—learnt—learntmean——meant——meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt8.過去式、過去分詞詞尾是d0（4個）say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard.改變元音字母。（11個）meet——met——metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost.改變輔音字母。（1個）make—made—made11改變元、輔音字母。（4個）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave（has）—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood三、A—B—C型，即原形、過去式、過去分詞都不相同。（共35個）1i—a—u變化。（6個）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk2詞尾為-ow,-aw時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ew,過去分詞在其原形后加n0（5個）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow——grew——grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除夕卜）3詞尾為“i+輔（1個）+e”，過去式將i變?yōu)椤?，過去分詞多在原形后加n,若那個輔音字母為d或t,須雙寫d或t后加n0（4個）（give,hide除外）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen4過去分詞在過去式后加（e）n°（5個）break—broke—brokenchoose——chose——chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken5過去分詞由過去式加-ten構(gòu)成。（1個）forget—forgot—forgotten6過去分詞由原形加（e）n構(gòu)成。（6個）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee——saw——seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7詞尾為-ake時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ook，過去分詞在原形詞后加-n0（2個）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken8原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同。（6個）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear——wore——worn四、A—A—B型，即過去式和原形相同。（1個）beat—beat—beaten五、A—B—A型，即過去分詞和原形相同。（3個）come——came——comebecome—became—becomerun——ran——run六、情態(tài)動詞型，只有原形和過去式，沒有過去分詞。（4個）can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should文中6個動詞的過去式和過去分詞，還有一種規(guī)則變化形式?！灰?guī)則動詞相對于規(guī)則動詞來說，難記得多，是最難對付的一類詞。學(xué)生難學(xué)，老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法，以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、原形、過去式、過去分詞相同：cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut（細(xì)心的你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。）二、原形、過去式相同，過去分詞不同：beat/beat/beaten三、原形、過去分詞相同，過去式不同:come/come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/runcome,become,屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞為：welcomed,welcomed四、過去式，過去分詞相同：(1)去掉字母組合ee中的一個emeet/met/met feed/fed/fed(2)去掉字母組合ee中的一個e,然后再在詞尾加tfeel/felt/felt sleep/slept/sleptkeep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept(3)詞尾為的ll去掉一個l加tspell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt(4)過去式和過去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought(5)將stand改為stoodstand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood(6)將ay改為aidlay/laid/laidsay/said/said(6)將ay改為aidlay/laid/laidsay/said/said⑺將d改為tlend/lent/lentspend/spent/spentbuild/built/built(8)將i改為a,o,u等sit/sat/satwin/won/wondig/dug/dug(9)將ell改為01dtell/told/told(10)詞尾加tlearn/learnt/learntdream/dreamt/dreamtpay/paid/paidsend/sent/sentspit/spat/spatsell/sold/soldmean/meant/meantspoil/spoilt/spoilt(11)有兩種過去式和過去分詞，一種是不規(guī)則的，一種是規(guī)則的learn/learnt/learntshine/shone/shonehang/hung/hungsmell/smelt/smelt(12)其它have(has)/had/hadshoot/shot/shotlearn/learnt/learntshine/shone/shonehang/hung/hungsmell/smelt/smelt(12)其它have(has)/had/hadshoot/shot/shotlearn/learned/learnedshine/shined/shinedhang/hanged/hangedsmell/smelled/smelledhear/heard/heardlose/lost/lostdrivedrive/drove/drivenrise/rose/risen(4)原形后加n變成過去分詞drive/drove/driveneat/ate/eatengive/gave/given(5)過去式后加n變成過去分詞break/broke/brokenfreeze/froze/frozensteal/stole/stolentake/took/taken(6)其它be/was或were/beenforget/forgot/forgottenhide/hid/hiddenwear/wore/wornhold/held/held get/got/got(AmEgotten)find/found/found make/made/madeleave/left/left五、三者均不同：(1)過去式以ew結(jié)尾、過去分詞以own結(jié)尾blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flowngrow/grew/grown know/knew/knownthrow/threw/thrown值得注意的是：show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn⑵改i為a變成過去式、改i為u變成過去分詞begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunkring/rang/rung sing/sang/sungswim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk⑶改i為。變成過去式，過去分詞以n結(jié)尾write/wrote/writtenride/rode/riddenrise/rose/risenfall/fell/fallenchoose/chose/chosenmistake/mistook/mistakenspeak/spoke/spokenwake/woke/woken(或woke)do/did/donego/went/gonesee/saw/seen六、有兩種過去式和過去分詞，但詞義相同。wake/woke/woken（或woke）wake/waked/wakedsink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken七、動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：shine、hang的兩種過去式和過去分詞：shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮hung/hung懸掛 hanged/hanged絞死八、兩個既可以做過去式，又可以做動詞原形的詞lie躺臥lay/lain/lying（現(xiàn)在分詞）lay放，下蛋l(fā)aid/laid/layingfind找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)find/found/foundfound創(chuàng)建，成立found/founded/founded九、根據(jù)動詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來記憶(一)詞義相對：come/came/come來 go/went/gone去give/gave/given給 get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得sleep/slept/slept睡覺 wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked醒來rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起 fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下，(使)下沉buy/bought/bought買 sell/sold/sold出售，賣take/took/taken帶去 bring/brought/brought帶來teach/taught/taught教 learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗 find/found/found找至Uwin/won/won贏得、(獲)勝stand/stood/stood站、立 sit/sat/sat坐send/sent/sent送、寄、發(fā)送 get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得、收到(二)、詞義相近：beat/beat/beaten.打，打敗win/won/won贏得、獲勝understand/understood/understood懂，了解know/knew/known知道，了解，認(rèn)識get/got/got(AmEgotten)變成、成為、變得become/became/become變成，成為，變得go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成spend/spent/spent花費、度過pay/paid/paid支付、交納cost/cost/cost花費、價值為take/took/taken花費say/said/said說、講speak/spoke/spoken說、演講tell/told/told告訴、說、吩咐、斷定talk/talked/talked談話，講，談?wù)?，議論①A-B-B型變化不定式過去式過去分詞基本意義bendbentbent使變曲bringbroughtbrought帶來；弓［起；產(chǎn)生buyboughtbought購買；采購catchcaughtcaught接??；抓住；趕上；染上dealdealtdealt分配；分給digdugdug挖(土)；掘地feelfeltfelt觸摸(某物)；感覺到fightfoughtfought搏斗；奮斗；斗爭；findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到；getgotgot/gotten收到；接到；得到；成為havehadhad有；吃；喝；進行；經(jīng)受hearheardheard聽見；聽說；得知holdheldheld拿??；抓??；抱；舉行keepkeptkept留下；保留；繼續(xù)laylaidlaid放置；產(chǎn)（卵）leaveleftleft離開；把 留下；剩下learnlearntlearnedlearntlearned學(xué)；學(xué)習(xí)；獲悉；得知lendlentlent借出；借給loselostlost失去；喪失；損失makemademade做；制作；制造；使得meetmetmet遇見；碰見；相遇babysitbabysatbabysat照顧嬰兒paypaidpaid付錢；給 報酬不定式過去式過去分詞基本意義saysaidsaid說，講sellsoldsold賣；銷售shineshoneshone發(fā)光；照耀；照射sitsatsat坐；就座sleepsleptslept睡，睡覺；睡著smellsmeltsmelt聞出；嗅；發(fā)出氣味spendspentspent用（錢）；花（時間）；度過standstoodstood站立；直立；位于；經(jīng)受teachtaughttaught教，教授；傳授telltoldtold告訴；講述；吩咐thinkthoughtthought想，思考，認(rèn)為understandunderstoodunderstood懂；理解；領(lǐng)會winwonwon贏；獲勝；贏得，獲得buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建造feedfedfed喂養(yǎng)hanghunghung懸掛，吊sweepsweptswept打掃sendsentsent送，派shootshotshot射擊spitspatspat吐（痰）spoilspoiltspoilt溺愛，損壞，破壞fleefledfled逃離leadledled引導(dǎo)；致便；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)misleadmisledmisled把…引錯方向；給…帶錯路meanmeantmeant意思是?…②A-B-A型變化不定式過去式過去分詞基本含義overcomeovercameovercome克服，戰(zhàn)勝becomebecamebecome變?yōu)?，成為comecamecome至U來；出現(xiàn)runranrun跑，奔跑；③A-B-C型變化不定式過去式過去分詞基本含義Bewas/werebeen有；存在；是；成為beginbeganbegun開始blowblewblown吹，刮；吹響breakbrokebroken打破（斷，碎）；損壞，撕開choosechosechosen選擇，挑選，選取dodiddone做，干drinkdrankdrunk喝；飲drivedrovedriven駕駛（車）：驅(qū)趕eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；跌落；變?yōu)閒lyflewflew飛；飛行；forgetforgotforgotten忘記；遺忘；忽視freezefrozefrozen（使）結(jié)冰；冷凍givegavegiven送給；授予；供給；gowentgone去；離去；行駛；通到；到達(dá)growgrewgrown變成；生長；發(fā)育；種植knowknewknown知道，懂得；了解；認(rèn)識lielaylain躺；平臥；（指物）平放rideroderidden騎馬、自行車等；搭乘ringrangrung（鈴等）鳴響；打電話riseroserisen上升；上漲；起立seesawseen看見；察覺；領(lǐng)會showshowedshown/showed給 看；展出；表明shakeshookshaken顫抖singsangsung唱，唱歌speakspokespoken說話；會說（某語言）；發(fā)言stealstolestolen偷；竊取swimswamswum游水；游泳taketooktaken拿；服用；乘坐；花費throwthrewthrown投，拋，扔，擲wakewokewoken醒，醒來，叫醒wearworeworn穿，戴writewrotewritten寫，書寫；寫作，著述forgiveforgaveforgiven原諒hidehidhidden/hid躲，藏divedovedived跳水sinksanksunk/sunken下沉④A-A-A型變化不定式過去式過去分詞基本含義costcostcost價值為，花費；使付出cutcutcut切；割；剪；砍；削hurthurthurt使受傷痛；刺痛；傷害letletlet允許，讓putputput放，擺；裝入readreadread閱讀，朗誦shutshutshut關(guān)上，封閉；緊閉；合攏upsetupsetupset使人不舒服betbetbet確信，打賭hithithit擊中setsetset放置一、人一人一人型，即原形、過去式和過去分詞三者都相同。（共9個）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即過去式、過去分詞相同。（共41個）1過去式和過去分詞都含有-ought.（3個）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2詞尾有-ild，-end時，只需把d變?yōu)閠0（4個）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent.過去式、過去分詞都含有-aught.（2個）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught.把-eep變?yōu)?ept0（3個）10keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept5把-ell變?yōu)?old0（2個）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold.過去式、過去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt0（4個）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt.過去式、過去分詞都在原形詞尾加t0（3個）learn—learnt—learntmean——meant——meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt.過去式、過去分詞詞尾是d0（4個）say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard.改變元音字母。（11個）meet——met——metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost.改變輔音字母。（1個）make—made—made11改變元、輔音字母。（4個）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave（has）—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood三、A—B—C型，即原形、過去式、過去分詞都不相同。（共35個）1i—a—u變化。（6個）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing——sang——sung1011ring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk2詞尾為-ow,-aw時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ew,過去分詞在其原形后加n0（5個）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow——grew——grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除夕卜）3詞尾為“i+輔（1個）+e”，過去式將i變?yōu)?。，過去分詞多在原形后加n,若那個輔音字母為d或t,須雙寫d或t后加n0（4個）（give,hide除外）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen4過去分詞在過去式后加（e）n°（5個）break—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken5過去分詞由過去式加-ten構(gòu)成。（1個）forget—forgot—forgotten6過去分詞由原形加（e）n構(gòu)成。（6個）be—was（were）-beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee——saw——seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7詞尾為-ake時，過去式將其變?yōu)?ook,過去分詞在原形詞后加-n0（2個）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken8原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同。（6個）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear——wore——worn四、A—A—B型，即過去式和原形相同。（1個）beat—beat—beaten五、A—B—A型，即過去分詞和原形相同。（3個）come——came——come12become—became—becomerun——ran——run六、情態(tài)動詞型，只有原形和過去式，沒有過去分詞。(4個)can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should文中6個動詞的過去式和過去分詞，還有一種規(guī)則變化形式。—不規(guī)則動詞相對于規(guī)則動詞來說，難記得多，是最難對付的一類詞。學(xué)生難學(xué)，老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法，以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、原形、過去式、過去分詞相同：cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut(細(xì)心的你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。)二、原形、過去式相同，過去分詞不同：beat/beat/beaten三、原形、過去分詞相同，過去式不同：come/came/come become/became/becomerun/ran/runcome,become,屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞為：welcomed,welcomed四、過去式，過去分詞相同：(1)去掉字母組合ee中的一個emeet/met/met feed/fed/fed(2)去掉字母組合ee中的一個e,然后再在詞尾加tfeel/felt/felt sleep/slept/sleptkeep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept(3)詞尾為的ll去掉一個l加tspell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt(4)過去式和過去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought(5)將stand改為stoodstand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood(6)將ay改為aidlay/laid/laid pay/paid/paidsay/said/said⑺將d改為tlend/lent/lent send/sent/sentspend/spent/spent12

13build/built/built(8)將13build/built/built(8)將i改為a,o,u等sit/sat/satwin/won/wondig/dug/dug(9)將ell改為01dtell/told/told(10)詞尾加tlearn/learnt/learntspit/spat/spatsell/sold/soldmean/meant/meantdream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoiltlearn/learnt/learntshine/shone/shonehang/hung/hungsmell/smelt/smelt(12)其它have(has)/had/hadshoot/shot/shothold/held/heldfind/found/foundleave/left/left五、三者均不同：learn/learn/learnt/learntshine/shone/shonehang/hung/hungsmell/smelt/smelt(12)其它have(has)/had/hadshoot/shot/shothold/held/heldfind/found/foundleave/left/left五、三者均不同：shine/shined/shinedhang/hanged/hangedsmell/smelled/smelledhear/heard/heardlose/lost/lostget/got/got(AmEgotten)make/made/made(1)過去式以ew結(jié)尾、過去分詞以own結(jié)尾blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flowngrow/grew/grown know/knew/knownthrow/threw/thrown值得注意的是：show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn⑵改i為a變成過去式、改i為u變成過去分詞begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunkring/rang/rung sing/sang/sungswim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunkdrive/drove/drivenrise/rose/risen(4)原形后加ndrive/drove/drivenrise/rose/risen(4)原形后加n變成過去分詞drive/drove/driveneat/ate/eatengive/gave/given(5)過去式后加n變成過去分詞break/broke/brokenfreeze/froze/frozensteal/stole/stolentake/took/takenwrite/wrote/writtenride/rode/riddenrise/rose/risenfall/fell/fallenchoose/chose/chosenmistake/mistook/mistakenspeak/spoke/spokenwake/woke/woken(或woke)1314(6)其它be/was14(6)其它be/was或were/beenforget/forgot/forgottenhide/hid/hiddenwear/wore/worn六、有兩種過去式和過去分詞，wake/woke/woken(或woke)do/did/donego/went/gonesee/saw/seen但詞義相同。wake/waked/wakedsink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken七、動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：shine、hang的兩種過去式和過去分詞：shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮hung/hung懸掛 hanged/hanged絞死八、兩個既可以做過去式，又可以做動詞原形的詞lie躺臥lay/lain/lying(現(xiàn)在分詞)lay放，下蛋l(fā)aid/laid/layingfind找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)find/found/foundfound創(chuàng)建，成立found/founded/founded九、根據(jù)動詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來記憶(一)詞義相對：come/came/come來 go/went/gone去give/gave/given給 get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得sleep/slept/slept睡覺 wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked醒來rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起 fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下，(使)下沉buy/bought/bought買 sell/sold/sold出售，賣take/took/taken帶去 bring/brought/brought帶來teach/taught/taught教 learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗 find/found/found找至Uwin/won/won贏得、(獲)勝stand/stood/stood站、立 sit/sat/sat坐send/sent/sent送、寄、發(fā)送 get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得、收到(二)、詞義相近：beat/beat/beaten.打，打敗win/won/won贏得、獲勝understand/understood/understood懂，了解know/knew/known知道，了解，認(rèn)識get/got/got(AmEgotten)變成、成為、變得become/became/become變成，成為，變得go/went/gone變成1415turn/turned/turned變成spend/spent/spent花費、度過pay/paid/paid支付、交納cost/cost/cost花費、價值為take/took/taken花費say/said/said說、講speak/spoke/spoken說、演講tell/told/told告訴、說、吩咐、斷定talk/talked/talked談話，講，談?wù)?，議論①A-B-B型變化不定式過去式過去分詞基本意義bendbentbent使變曲bringbroughtbrought帶來；弓［起；產(chǎn)生buyboughtbought購買；采購catchcaughtcaught接住；抓住；趕上；染上dealdealtdealt分配；分給digdugdug挖（土）；掘地feelfeltfelt觸摸（某物）；感覺到fightfoughtfought搏斗；奮斗；斗爭；findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到；getgotgot/gotten收到；接到；得到；成為havehadhad有；吃；喝；進行；經(jīng)受hearheardheard聽見；聽說；得知holdheldheld拿?。蛔プ?；抱；舉行keepkeptkept留下；保留；繼續(xù)laylaidlaid放置；產(chǎn)（卵）leaveleftleft離開；把 留下；剩下learnlearntlearnedlearntlearned學(xué)；學(xué)習(xí)；獲悉；得知lendlentlent借出；借給loselostlost失去；喪失；損失makemademade做；制作；制造；使得meetmetmet遇見；碰見；相遇babysitbabysatbabysat照顧嬰兒paypaidpaid付錢；給 報酬不定式過去式過去分詞基本意義saysaidsaid說，講sellsoldsold賣；銷售shineshoneshone發(fā)光；照耀；照射sitsatsat坐；就座sleepsleptslept睡，睡覺；睡著1516smellsmel