2022年山西省朔州市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)

2022年山西省朔州市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

What'sthepurposeofthemanufacturers'addingaswitchtomostnewtelevisionsets?

A.Tomakemoremoney.

B.Tospreadthecablesystem.

C.Tomakeordinaryviewingpossible.

D.Toadapttothenewdevelopmentofthecablesystem.

2.

MonkeyBaileyoncelivedinLittleRiverZoo.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Asasmartphone,Treo600hasGPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Accordingto"cost-per-wear"rule,thereasonablepriceofclothingshouldbeunder______ifyouwearit10timesinayear.

5.

Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

6.

TherearefewervoicecallsinNewYorkinthedaysaftertheattack.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Wheretwocolorsmeet,youdon'thavetowaituntilthefirstcolordriesbeforereturningtoapplythesecondcolor.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Ifmothlarvaearedeadforfivedays,scrubjayswillnottouchupontheminanycase.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Themostcommonmistakebeginningpaintersmakeisspendingtoo______timeandeffortlayingonthepaint.

10.

BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,leisuremeant______.

11.

Laura'sdaughterJennahasgotaPh.D.degreefromtheUniversityofTexas.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

WhenchildrenseeTOOmanycartoonstheymayregardpeopleas______insteadofsubstantial,physical,corporealbeingswithsouls.

13.

Anonviolentoffendercanchoose______.

14.

LauraBushbelievesthatifwomencannotreceiveeducation,theycannotmakecontributiontothesociety.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

16.StudyStyles

Youknowwhetheryou'reamorningpersonoranightowl.Youknowwhetheryou'reapickyeaterorahumangarbagepail.Butdoyouknowifyoulearnbetterbyreadingorbyhearing?…ifyou'vesurvivedschoolsofar,youalreadyhavesomesortofstudyroutine—forbetterorforworse.Weaskedstudentsalloverthecountryforthelowdownontheirmethodsofoperations,andalsocollectedsomehard-wonadvice.Seeifyoucanrecognizeyourownpersonalstudymethodonthelistbelowandlearnhowtostudyeffectively.

TheDreamer

Youmaysayyou'restudying.Youmayevenlooklikeyou'restudying.Butyourmindisintheclouds.Yourtestperformanceseldomreflectsthoselonghoursyouspendatyourdesk,almoststudying.Kim,fromMontreal,says,"WhenIgettothelibrary,Iendupsittingthereandpeople-watching."Cindy,fromLafayette,Pennsylvania,says:"Personally,ItendtowriteeverythingdownonflashcardssoIcanquizmyselflater.EveryoneelsethinksthatI'llace(成績(jī)?yōu)锳)theexam,butsometimesIfindmyselfspendingsomuchtimewritingdowneverylittledetailthatIdon'thavetimetoactuallystudy."

Warning:Ifyouspendalldaypretendingstudying,you'llpayallnightcrammingforreal.(Whatawasteofsocializingtime!)Thisyear'sresolution:Stayontargetbysettinggoals(LikefourchaptersbyWednesday)andaskingyourfriendstotestyou.Also,tuneintoyourinterests:Ifyoufindyourselfdrawingelaboratedoodlesinthemarginswhenyou'resupposedtobeanalyzingShakespeare,takedrawingclassesandsnapoutofyourdaydream.

TheGrind

Onelookingatyoursockdrawer,meticulously(非常細(xì)心地)arrangedinrainboworder,suggestscontrol-freaktendencies.Youneverfailtodoafixedamountofstudyingeachevening—andyourgoodgradesshowit.Youcautiouslyplotacoursetoconqueranunrulyassignment,andyourarelybreakyourroutine.Gretchen,fromChicago,describesherhard-coremethod:"Icompletelyorganizeallofmynotes.Then,beforeIdoanythingelse,IplanoutexactlyhowmanyhoursI'mgoingtostudyandhowlongIamgoingtotakebreaks.Thisway,Ialwaysstayontask.IreadthroughmynotesandthenhighlightthethingsIdon'tknowwell,tocommitthemtomemory."Butshe'snotdoneyet!"ThenIreadmyassignmentsagainandtakenotesandstudythesenotesthesamewayIstudiedmyclassnotes."Whew,Sarah,fromScarsdale,NewYork,alsoconsidersherselfaworkerbee."Iplanmyworksothatthere'ssomethingIhavetodoeverynightoftheweek.Butwhenthere'satest,I'lldoallmyassignmentsbeforetryingtodoanoverview.StudyingcomeslastbecauseI'llwaituntilthelastminutetoeventrytoconcentrateonsomethingwithsolittlestructure."

Warning:Whileyourself-disciplinewillserveyouwellincollege(orthemilitary),youmightwanttoaddmoreinspirationtoyourperspiration.Noamountofmemorization,orcolorcodingyournotebookswillhelpyouwriteanoriginal,opinionatedessay—andyou'llbewritingplenty.Thisyear'sresolution:Varyyourroutineandthinkaboutyourowninsightsmore.Afterreadinganassignment,tryclosingyoureyesandrecallingwhatyoufoundinterestingbeforebucklingdownwithyourimpeccablenotes.Andifyou'vegotahalfhourtospareinyourstudyschedule,trysomethingmessyandcreative,likewritingapoem.

TheSocialStudier

You'rethekindwholearnsoutloud.Youmakeyourwaytoenlightenment,sostudybuddiesareamust.Inschool,youremembermorefromhearingthelecturesthanfromdoingthereading.Roberta,fromPrinceton,NewJersey,says:"IwenttoastudycounselortofindoutthatIlearnbestbylistening.It'strue:UntilIhearsomethingoutloud,it'snotreallyrealtome.WhenI'mstudyingandIdon'tunderstandsomethinginour

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Theauthorthoughtaweakpointofthebookisthatitis______.

18.

ThemainshortcomingofFS2000isits______.

19.

Hedonicadaptationmeanspeoplealwaysreturntotheirusuallevelofhappinessafterthetemporarysatisfaction.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Thetypeoftechnologyprotectionsystem,whichmeanstheGMcropsthatfailstoproducefertileseeds,iscalled______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B8】

22.聽力原文：M:Excuseme,mayIhavesomeinformationaboutthereceptionpartythatyou'readvertisingoutside.It'sfornewstudents,isn'tthatright?

W:That'srightandwhatwouldyouliketoknowaboutit?

M:Well,I'mnotreallysurewhatthepurposeoftheeventis.

W:Thepartywillprovidestudentswithachancetogettoknoweachother,andachanceforstudentswhohavesuccessfullybeenthroughuniversitytopassonsomevaluableadvice.

M:Who'sorganizingtheevent?Isitthefacultyor...

W:Actually,itistheAlumniAssociationthat'sorganizingthisevent.So,it'sstrictlyastudenttostudentevent.

M:Ihopewewon'thavetositthroughalotofboringspeeches.Imeanaren'tthesestudentsjust"brains"anyway.Whatcantheyactuallydotohelpaguylikeme?

W:No,thesepeoplearenot"brains"atall.TheAlumniaresimplyagroupofnormal,butgratefulstudentswhohopethat,bysharingtheirexperienceswithnewstudents,theycanhelpmorestudentstosuccessfullygraduate.

M:Butstillwehaveanytimeforsomefunatthisparty?

W:Mostofthetimewillbesplitbetweeneating,dancing,andsinging—sonottoworry.However,someofthewordsofwisdomfromtheformerstudentsshouldnotbemissed.

M:You'vegotapoint.Theyare,afterall,successstoriesifthey'vemanagedtosurviveuniversitylife.Ihearaboutonlyhalfofallstudentswhostartuniversityactuallyfinishit.

W:Andbesidesthat,there'sanotherreasontogo.

M:What'sthat?

W:Thepiethey'llbeservingisdelicious.IknowsinceI'mtheonewhowillbemakingit.

(20)

A.TheUniversityfaculty.

B.TheStudentAssociation.

C.Formerstudents.

D.Noone.

23.(17)

A.Onehour.B.Threehours.C.Twohours.D.Fourhours.

24.(22)

A.Swimmingpool.B.Gymnasium.C.Tenniscourt.D.Sauna.

25.

【B2】

26.聽力原文：M:I'vegottensobusythatIcanhardlyfindtimeforanyoutsideactivities.

W:Doyoustillhavetimeforfishing?

M:Onlyonceinawhilenow,butIstillconsideritmyhobby.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.Hehasotherhobbiesnow.

B.Hewentfishingonce.

C.Hehadtoquitfishing.

D.Hegoesfishingsometimes.

27.

【B9】

28.聽力原文：W:Youmusthavepassedthroughlotsofruralareasduringyourtrip.Doyouenjoythecountry?

M:Yes.Whenyou'vebeenstayinginanurbanizedareatoolong,youappreciateruralareasforachange.Everythingisrelaxedandeasy.Thesceneryisbeautiful.

Q:Whydoesthemanenjoythecountry?

(15)

A.Ithasfriendlyfolks.

B.Itsairisclean.

C.Itisquiet.

D.Itgiveshimasenseoffreshness.

29.(28)

A.Theyarechangedtomakethesitemoreinteresting.

B.Theyareexpandedtolimittheamountofconstruction.

C.Theyareintegratedintothedesignofthebuilding.

D.Theyareremovedforconstruction.

30.(34)

A.Kathypersuadedhertodoso.

B.ZoelostherjobasaPRconsultant.

C.Zoegottiredofthecitylife.

D.ZoelovedWalesmorethanLondon.

31.聽力原文：W:Alex,Ms.RachelwillbearrivinginBeijingforthefirsttimethismorning.I'dlikeyoutopickherupandhelphergetsettledin.

M:Sure,Mrs.Zhang.Whichhotelisshebookedat?

W:FriendshipHotel,andeverythinghasbeenarranged,underhername.

M:ShallItakeoneofthecompanycars?

W:No.Becausewe'renegotiatingsuchalargepurchasewithher,it'sinourbestinteresttoshowhqaroundinstyle.We'verentedaveryluxuriouscar.

M:Goodidea.I'dbetterbeonmyway.

W:Uh,Alex,doyouhaveajacketandtieattheofficetoday?

M:Yes.Whydoyouask?

W:Iknowitisveryhumid,andthedresscodeisprettycasualhere.ButIthinkit'simportanttolookprofessionalwhenaclientisvisiting.

M:Iunderstand.I'llhavemysuitjacketandtieonwhenImeetMs.Rachel.

W:Fine.AndIthinkitwouldbeproperifyouleaveyourjacketon,unlessMs.Racheltakeshersofffirst,ormentionshowhotitis.

M:Ifollowyou.ThenIcansuggestthatshetakeoffherjacket,thenfollowsuit.

W:Yes.It'simportantthatwepayattentiontothedetails.

M:Willshevisitourofficetoday?

W:She'llprobablyhavejetlagtoday,sonothing'sscheduledtoday.

M:I'lltakeherrighttothehotelthen,soshecangetsomeshut-eye.

W:Good.Andpleaseremindherthatdinnerisoptionaltonight,ifshe'snottootired.Otherwise,wehaveameetingscheduledfor10a.m.tomorrowmorning.

M:Yes,madam.

(20)

A.Ameeting.

B.Animportantbusiness.

C.Oneoftheirwomencolleagues.

D.Thereceptionofoneoftheirclients.

32.

【B4】

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：AsoccerrefereesuspendedforscoringagoalwhiletakingchargeforagamehasresignedafterbeingfoundguiltyofbringingthegameintodisreputebytheEssexCountyFootballAssociation.Lastyear,whenBrianSavillwastakingchargeofagameintheSouthofEnglandbetweenEarlsandWimpole,Wimpolewaslaggedfarbehindwithascoreof18-1.

With10minutesremaining,SavillfoundtheballathisfeetinfrontoftheEarlsgoalandpromptlybangeditintothenet,beforesignalingagoal.Thelawsofthegamestatethattherefereeispartoftheplayingareaandthatthegamecontinuesiftheballstrikeshim.Thereisnoprovisionintilelawstodifferentiatebetweenanaccidentalordeliberatecontact.Savill'sbizarregoalmadelittledifferencetotheoutcomeasEarlswentontowin20-2,buttheofficialswereimpressed.TheEssexCountyFAfinallyfound47-year-oldSavillguiltyofbringingthegameintodisreputeandprobhibitedhimfromholdinghispostforsevenweeks.Savill,arefereewith18years'experience,lefthisjobafterfindingoutaboutthedecision."Theyhaven'tgotasenseofhumor,"hetoldtheTimesnewspaper."Itbroughtenjoymenttoeveryone'slives.ItshowsrefereeingcanbeenjoyableandthatwearenotHitlersrunningaroundblowingwhistlesallthetime."However,headvisedotherrefereesagainstfollowinghisexample.

Asoccerreferee(36)______forscoringagoalwhiletakingchargeforagamehas(37)______afterbeingfoundguiltyofbringingthegameintodisreputebytheEssexCountyFootball(38)______.Lastyear,whenBrianSavillwastakingchargeofagameintheSouthofEnglandbetweenEarlsandWimpole,Wimpolewas(39)______farbehindwithascoreof18-1.

With10minutes(40)______,SavillfoundtheballathisfeetinfrontoftheEarlsgoaland(41)______bangeditintothenet,before(42)______agoal.Thelawsofthegamestatethattherefereeispartofthe(43)______areaandthatthegamecontinuesiftheballstrikeshim.(44)____________.Savill'sbizarregoalmadelittledifferencetotheoutcomeasEarlswentontowin20-2,buttheofficialswereimpressed.TheEssexCountyFAfinallyfound47-year-oldSavillguiltyofbringingthegameintodisreputeandprohibitedhimfromholdinghispostforsevenweeks.Savill,arefereewith18years'experience,lofthisjobafterfindingoutaboutthedecision."(45)____________."Itbroughtenjoymenttoeveryone'slives.(46)____________.However,headvisedotherrefereesagainstfollowinghisexample.

34.(25)

A.She'stoostressed.

B.Shedoesn'tgetenoughrest.

C.Shedoesn'teatnutritiousfood.

D.Shestaysincrowdedplacestoolong.

35.(39)

36.聽力原文：W:Ihavebeenwaitinghereforalmosthalfanhour.Whydidyoutakesolongtoparkthecar?

M:I'msorry,dear.IhaddriventwoblocksbeforeIfoundaplacetopark.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?

(19)

A.Themancouldn'tfindaparkinglot.

B.It'shardtofindaplacetoleavethecar.

C.Thewomanwasupsetduetohislatearrival.

D.Themanapologizedbecauseofhisnegligence.

37.(26)

A.She'llpayperminute.

B.She'llpayamonthlyservicefee.

C.She'llpayayearlyservicefee.

D.Shewon'thavetopay.

38.聽力原文：SciencefictionwritershaveoftenimaginedhumanbeingsgoingtoliveonMars.Butthesedays,scientistsaretakingtheideaseriously.Ithasagreatdealtorecommendit,sinceitmightsolvetheproblemofovercrowdingontheearth.Butobviously,itwouldnotbeworthmakingtheeffortunlesspeoplecouldlivetherenaturally.Iftheatmospherewerelikethatoftheearth,thismightbepossible.Butinfactitismostlycarbondioxide.Apartfromthat,thereareotherproblemstobeovercome.Forexample,thetemperatureWouldhavetoberaisedfrom60degreesbelowzeroto15degreesaboveit.ScientistswhostudyMarshavelaiddowntheprogramthattheycanfollow.Tobeginwith,theywillhavetofindoutwhetherlifehaseverexistedontheplanetofMarsinthepast.Secondly,theywillhavetomakeareliablemapofitssurface.Andfinally,theywillhavetomakealistofthegases.Aboveall,theywillhavetodiscoverhowmuchnitrogenitpossesses,sincenitrogenisfourfifthsoftheairwebreathe.TheyaresurprisinglyoptimisticaboutraisingthetemperatureonMarsandbelieveitcouldbedoneintwohundredyears.Itwilltakeabitlonger,though,totransform.theatmospheresothathumanbeings,couldlivethere.Scientistsestimatethatthiswilltakeonehundredthousandyears.

(33)

A.Becausepeoplemighthavetomigratetheresomeday.

B.Becauseitisverymuchliketheearth.

C.Becauseitiseasiertoexplorethanotherplanets.

D.Becauseitsatmosphereisdifferentfromthatoftheearth.

39.(47)

40.聽力原文：M:Iknowyougotintopodcastingprettymuchatthebeginning.Howdidyoufirsthearofit?

W:Iwasareaderofblogs,andIwasawarethatsomebloggerswerestartingtoattachaudiofiles.Thatexcitedme.(22)IreadanewspaperarticleearlywhichmentionedpodcastingandIstartedtolookintoit.ButIwasbusywithwork,soIsortofforgotabouttheideaforawhile.

M:Butyoucamebacktoitandstartedyourownpodcastearlyin2005.

W:That'sright.InJanuary,bythenallthetoolswereavailable,andIhadenoughfreetimetodevotetomyownpodcast.OfcourseIdidn'tknowifanyonewouldlistentoit,butjustbeingabletobroadcastsomethingwasenoughforme.

M:Didyougetanyreactionfromthepublic?

W:Yes,Iwassurprisedandgratifiedtofindthatnotonlywerepeoplelistening,(23)buttheywereinterestedenoughtoe-mailmewiththeirthoughtsonwhatI'dsaid.

M:Whatdoyoufindtotalkabout?

W:(24)Currentaffairs,music,travel,andthethingsI'minterestedin.ImustadmitthatI'dalwayshadambitionstohavemyownradioshow.WithpodcastingIfoundthatIcouldhavejustthat,myownshowthreetimesaweek.

M:Atthemomentthisisjustahobby,butdoyouseeyourselfmakingmoneyfrompodcastinginthefuture?

W:No,notreally.Iknowthatsomepodcastersaretalkingaboutchargingasubscriptiontotheirpodcasts,butIliketheideathatit'sforfree.(25)Ifyoustartchargingpeopleforsomethingtheycanstartmakingdemandsonyou,andIliketobeabletodoandsaywhateverIwant.

22．Howdidthewomanstarttolookintopodcasting?

23.Whatwasthepublic'sreactiontothewoman'spodcast?

24.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman'spodcasting?

25.Whydoesthewomanrefusetochargeforherpodcasting?

(23)

A.Shereadanewspaperarticleaboutpodcasting.

B.Shewatchedothers'podcast.

C.Sheborrowedsomeformerbloggers'idea.

D.Shereadsomepopularblogs.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

TheauthorregardsthewritingoftheConstitutionasa______.

A.revolutionofthemagnitudeofFrenchrevolution

B.miraclecreatedbyacollectionoftypicalfreeman

C.victoryofthe18thcentury

D.defeatfortheforcesofevil

42.Talktoanyparentofastudentwhotookanadventurousgapyear(ayearbetweenschoolanduniversitywhensomestudentsearnmoney,travel,etc.)andamistylookwillcomeintotheireyes.Therearesomedisastersandeventhemostmotivated,organizedgapstudentdoesrequirefamilyback-up,financial,emotionalandphysical.Theparentalmistinessisnotjustaboutthebrilliantexperiencethathasmaturedtheiroffspring;itisvicarious(引發(fā)同感的)living.Weallwishpre-universitygapyearshadbeenthefashioninourday.Wecanseehowmuchtougherourkidsbecome;howmuchmorepreparedtobenefitfromuniversityortodecidepositivelythattheyaregoingtodosomethingotherthanadegree.

Gapyearsarefashionable,asisreflectedinthehugegrowthinthenumberofcharitiesandprivatecompaniesofferingthem,PicturesofPrinceWilliamtoilinginChilehavehelped,butthetrendhasbeengatheringsteamforadecade.Therangeofgappackagesstartswithbackpacking,includesworkingwithcharities,buildinghospitalsandschoolsand,verycommonly,workingasalanguageassistant,teachingEnglish.Withthistrend,however,comesadanger.Onceparentsfeelthatawell-structuredyearisessentialtotheirwould-beundergraduate'sprogresstoabetteruniversity,agooddegree,animpressiveCVandwellpaidemployment,asthegapcompanies'blurbs(大肆宣傳)suggestitmightbe,thenparentswillstartorganizing—andpayingfor—thegaps.

Wheretherearedisasters,accordingtoRichardOliver,directorofthegapcompanies'umbrellaorganization,theYearOutGroup,itisusuallybecauseofpoorplanning.Thatcanbethefaultofthecompanyorofthestudent,hesays,butthebestinsuranceisthoughtfulpreparation."Whenpeoplegetitwrong,itisusuallymedicalor,especiallyamonggirls,itisthattheyhavenotbeenawayfromhomebeforeorbecauseexpectationdoesnotmatchreality."

Thepointofagapyearisthatitshouldbethetimewhentheschoolleavergetstodothethingthatheorshefancies.Kidsdon'tmatureifmumanddaddecidehowtheyaregoingtomature.Ifthe18-year-old'swayofmaturingistosloboutonHampsteadHeathsoakingupsunshineorspendingayearworkingwithfishermeninCornwall,thenthat'swhatwillbeproductiveforthatperson.Theconsensus,however,isthatsomestructureisanadvantageandthattheprimemover(行動(dòng)者)needstobethestudent.

The18year-oldwhowasdispatchedbyhisparentsattwoweeks'noticetoCanadatolearntobeasnowboardinginstructoratacostof￡5,800,probablycamebackwithlittlemorethanahangover.The18-year-oldonthesamepackagewhoworkedforhisfareandspenttherestofhisyearinstructinginresortsfromNewZealandtoSwitzerland,andcamebacktoapplyforuniversity,isthepositivecounterbalance.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutgapstudents?

A.Theywillbecomemoremotivatedandorganized.

B.Theyneedsupportfromtheirparents.

C.Theywilllivemoreharmoniouslywiththeirparents.

D.Theywillgettheirdegreemoreeasily.

43.

Whichofthefollowingisanexampleoftelecommutingasdescribedinthepassage?

A.Ascientistinalaboratorydevelopingplansforaspacestation.

B.Atechnicalwritersendingviacomputerdocumentscreatedathome.

C.Acomputertechnicianrepairinganofficecomputernetwork.

D.Ateacherdirectingcomputertoassistlearninginaprivateschool.

44.

Accordingtotheauthor,inwhatsenseistimelikemoney?

45.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out'"mean'!

A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".

B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".

C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".

D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".

46.

Thedescriptionofthestructureofthenodulesisreminiscent(使人想起)ofthemethodusedto

A.manufacturesyntheticdiamonds

B.createculturedpearls

C.reversetheelectrochemicalprocess

D.pangold

47.

Whatarethepossiblereasonsthatsomemanagersdonotwanttobementorstotheirsubordinates?

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(Al)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAlresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAlhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAl,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincallsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAlmovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors,"heexplains,"butit'snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain'scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,theoptionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAlrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

"Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior."(Lines3-4,Para.1)meansscientistshaveachieved______inrealizingtheiraspirations.

49.

Whatistheaimofthebook---Liar'sPokeraccordingtothepassage?

50.TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDragAbusethattookplaceearlierthisyearinViennawasaveryproductivemeeting.Asnervebefore,thenationsoftheworlddemonstratedawillingnesstoputasideideologicalandindividualdifferencestoconfrontacommonthreat.

Mostpreviousinternationalgatheringsonthissubjecthavenotseenthesameintensityofdelegateinterest.Manynationshavegonethroughashockofrecognition.Adecadeago,onlythosenationsidentifiedas"consumingcountries"werethoughttohaveaseriousdrugproblem.Today,notonlyhavemany"producingcountries"alsobecome"consumingcountries",butmanyhavewitnessedthegrowthwithintheirbordersofdrugtraffickinggangs(oftenalliedwithterrorists)sopowerfultheypresentadangertothestate'sstability.Manydevelopingcountriesnowhavetheworstofbothworlds,inthattheygrowtheirownnarcoticsandaddictlargenumbersoftheirownpeople.Thereisagrowingsenseoffrightinmanygovernmentsthatmattersareoutofcontrolandthesinglewaytorecoveristhroughcooperationwithothercountries.

Thehighpointsoftheconferencewerethedraftingoftwodocuments,bothofwhichwereadoptedwithoutadissentingvote.Onewasajointdeclarationofintenttocombatdrugabuseandtrafficking.Theotherconsistedofmanydetailedsuggestionsforparticularregionalandnationalpolicies.

Overall,theconferencedevelopedatwo-levelactionplan.Thefocuswasonwaystocurbthedemandfordangerousdrugsandonmethodsofdestroyingoratleastinterruptingthedistributionprocess.

Onthedemandside,thedelegatesrecommendedtheestablishmentofasystemforcollectinginformationonthenatureandscopeof