On the Cultural Connotation of English Names and Their Chinese Translation 英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

OnCulturalConnotationEnglishandTheirAbstractAismemberinthesociety.Itnotonlyasocialsymbolincommunicationbutmirrorofculture.involverichculturalconnotationsreflectculturalofnations.ittostudyculturetranslationnames.attemptsculturalofEnglishnamesstrategiesoftranslationcross-culturalcommunicationandhelphaveabetterunderstandingWesternofsixchapters.itthecharacteristicsoriginsofEnglishnames.theonculturalconnotationofEnglishfromaspectsofindividualism,ChristianityFinally,someandoftranslationofEnglishnames,translationofgeneralnamesnames,latterofwhichrefertocharacterinworksnamesinTransliterationbewithestablishedtranslatednamestranslationtheofEnglishnames;culturalconnotation;Chinesetranslation-I

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...............................................................................................................I..............................................................................................................IIChapter1Chapter2TheCharacteristicsandOriginsNames.......................22.1formsofnames..................................................22.2TheexplorationofEnglishnames’rootsOriginsofOriginsofgivennameOriginsofChapter3TheCulturalConnotationNames.................................53.13.2Christianity3.3........................................................................................................7Chapter4ofGeneral4.1ofKeepingtheoriginalname’sorderPuttingapointthefirst,middleandlastname............................8UsingstandardofChinesecharacters..................9Avoidingusingwithderogatory.................................94.2generalestablishedtranslated....................................114.3Translationcharacters’namesliterary...................................124.4Translationcharacters’namesidioms..............................................13Chapter6-II

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Acknowledgements--

Chapter1IntroductionPeople’snameisofthemostuniversallanguagephenomenaineachhumansociety.Itthespecificsymbol,whichpeopleusetodistinguishfromwhichusuallyhimforwholeofhisdifferentpersonalnamesreflectdifferentculturebecause“people’snameisthecarrierofitsrespectiveculture”[1].Innewborns,arebytheirculturalputinexpectationorwishestheoffamilygivenname,ofcertainname,eventheoffemaleaftertruthfullyrevealsanation’spsychologyanditssocial[2]Inaword,personalarewindowsfortothroughdifferentculturesdifferenttheworldhastoincreasingcommunicationbetweendifferentplayafundamentalroleincommunication.someproblemsdoexistintranslationofnames,whichalotofthisreason,itisfortodiscusshowtotranslateEnglishnamesanalyzetheandscientifictranslatingandWhat’smore,someEnglisharenolongermerelyusednames.TheyareidiomaticallyworksandrefertotypesofIfwehaveagoodunderstandingaboutandtheiritwillgreatforustothemto-1-

OriginsItacomplicatedtoDifferentpeopleindifferentculturesdifferentthenames.dointhesameSo,inIintroducethecharacteristicsoriginsofname.2.1formsofEnglishnamesAnEnglishnamehastwothefamilyname,whichiscalledname,name,firstnameorChristianname.Somecanalsoapersonalormiddlename.InEnglishcountries,thefamilynameend,theisfront.Theorderis:(firstnameChristian+name+family(lastor2.2explorationofEnglishrootsInthispart,Iwillandtheoriginsoffamilyname,middlegivenname.--

offamilyname:Origins

lastnamesPlacesnamesPatronyms’namesFamilyorLegal

Cook(廚Carpenter（木匠）Smith（鐵匠）,Fisher（漁夫（面包師）,（理發(fā)師）Miller磨坊主,Singer（歌手車工)[2]Fields,Lake,Hall,Forest,WoodNoman,Hill,Armstrong（強(qiáng)壯的胳膊）Wisdom（智慧）,（棕色,Young（年輕Short（身短）,（紅色）,（=紅發(fā)）(sonofAndrew),(Donald+son),Jackson(Jack+son),Johnson(John+son),(William+son),son)(Jewish),FreemanofgivenEnglishfirstnamehasoftheinfluentialshouldbeChristianityincountries.afterachildisborn,thegivenanameaChristianreligiousceremonylikebaptismbyitsgodfatherand--

OriginsMythologyenvironmentcharacteristics

Adam,Abraham,PeterPhoebe,Cynthia,Goose,Eagle,Wood,Cotton,Beard,Happyofname:Middlecanbeassecondgivenofperson.Withaname,personhimselforherselffromanotherpersoninthefamilywhotothesamefirstTakeGeorgeforexample,middleOccasionally,apersonmaynames.InofSirWinstonChurchill,whowastheformerBritishPrimeLeonardnames.Anamecanbefromthefirstofhisormother,orrelativeuncleAmiddlenamecanbeatForinstance,anintheTV，beganuse“Walker”theirpopularly.--

CulturalConnotationThroughstudyonanation’shistory,religion,conceptsofmoralandvalueinChapterbegintodiscussEnglishnamecultuItnotantoname,withaffluentintowithoutlosinglanguage’scharacteristics.3.1ismostpartinphilosophy.Asdefines,individualismsocietiesinthebetweenareloose---Everyoneistolookfamily.toinareself-orientedthinkofhimselfas“I.[3]Familyakindofsymbolclanorfamily.Givenname,flexible,Itpossessedbydistinguishfromotherinthefamily.Therelativepositionofgiveninthefullimportant.theWest,nameisputtofamilyname.Thusnames,inadditiontoculturalphenomena,representdifferentpeople.ofhasbecomeoneofinworld,inAmerica.Individualismisaforconcernforgroup.oftheWesterners--

thepositionofindependence,andWesternsociety,whichthesearealsorealizedinnames.Westernersinevitaputgivennameaheadoffamilyname.3.2ChristianityTheEnglishandAmericansbelieveChristianityEnglishname.BecausethegreatinfluenceofBible,manyEnglishnamesoriginatefromBibleorhavecloserelationwithit.Mostoffallintothefollowingcategories:Namescomingfromthesages’andtheInEngland,theexpansionofreligiousinfluencewasgreatinthe12thcentwhichaffectedeachdomaininpeople’slives.Therefore,moreandmorepeoinHolytonamethemselvesandtheirAbrahamLincoln(Abrahamfatheroffaith),GermanactressSarahConnor(SarahreferstonobleprinceNamespayingtributetoGod:WesternpeoplealsobelieveGodsincerely.TheHolyBiblesaidthatGodcreallthingsintheworld.ThereforetheychoosecertainnamestopayatribuGod,suchasTimothy,Elizabeth(sacrificestoGod),Dominic(belongstoGoTobias(Godisbenevolent).Namesreflectingthebeliever'sworshipandChristianrulesandregulationsInthetimesofPuritan(the17thand18thcentury),theenvironmentwasteandthelifewasdifficult.Specially,thosePuritanswhoarrivedinAmerictouniteasone,andmanageahouseholdwithdiligenceandthrifttosurvivthattime,thenamespeopleselectedreflectedthebeliever'sworshipandr-6-

theyfollowed,asGive-thanks,Humanity,etc.Intheresomereflectingthevirtues,(FrenchGraceKellyofMonaco),Charity,3.3Sexismonwomen.PeoplehaveonGenerallypeoplehaveonlowonBoysareoftengivenindicatingwisdomintheWest.Forexample,“MartinisfromMars,GodofWar;o”meansvictoryguard;“Basil”meansking;“Bernard”and“Leo”meanbravery;othersare“Wise”,“Virtueand“Faith”.Girlshavenamestakenfromsmallandpleasingitems.“Lilyclearlymeanslily,“Camelliaisafloweringshrub,“Violetmeansasmallpurpleflower,“Rosemary”,anherb,and“Crystal”,apreciousSincebabygirlislikeanyboys,sheinheritsherfather’ssurnameownname.Whenshegrowsandmarried,shehasadoptsamewithhhusband,thename.example,whenagirlnamedKingmarriedaJohnfullchangestoKingGreen.sheisalsoGreenpublicShehastonewevendies.HillaryformerFirstLady,herintowhileClintonforgovernor.--

TranslationInthisIwillforwardsometranslationofgeneralindetail.Then,talkingabouttranslationofname,it’salsonecessarytodiscusshowtotranslateparticularname,especiallycharacters’namesinliteraryworksandidioms.Theyworkquitedifferentlyfrompersonalnamescommunication.arenotonlyforaddbutcloselyconnectedwiththesepersons’characteristicsandevenfates.Thus,popularityandusenamesofthewhichhas,inturn,toIhopeitwillserveasguidelinetranslationofnames.4.1ofGeneralNamesKeepingthe’sorderallknow,Englishnamestheirfirst+middlefamilyname.Weshouldrespect[9]Accordingtraditionalculture,shouldputChristianfirstnames,familynamesintheFor“Walker”into“喬治·沃克·布什”,Reagan“羅納德·威爾遜·里根”Puttingapointandshouldbepointthefirstname,themiddlethefamilyname.IfmakeabetweennamewecouldfindthatChinesegivennamescharacters,whichasone.InEnglish,firstnamefromname.functionsusedrespectively--

aretwowaystowithproblem.Ifmiddleincludesnoshortform,needtoput“·”amongfirst,name.For“QuincyAdams”

“約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯”“MartinBureninto“馬丁·范布倫”Whenwewiththeshortofmiddlename;canitintransliteration.Therefore,thereshouldbea“.”betweenthem.And“.”isalsoneededfamilygivenexample,“JohnF.Kennedy”shouldbeinto“約翰肯尼迪“WilliamHarrison”into“威廉.H.哈里森UsingstandardofthecharactersChinesecharactersareallwithasound.remedyforthisgreatintranslationistofixChinesetoacertainsyllableofforeignhasdonetheXinhuaAgency,whosetodrawingupoflistoffortransliteration,whichwillbetotranslatorsingeneral.ForEnglish“”called“約翰尼·德普“Johncannotbe“恩”into“約翰”.usingcharacterswithderogatorysensesTransliterationcommonChinesecharacters,insteadwithmeanings.Forexample,“”tbeinto

“褲里塞”,aphrasewithembarrassingsoweshouldit孔雷颯”.ForthesameKennedycan’tbetranslatedinto“啃泥地”“notinto“笨伯”[10].Wetryourtoavoidthe--

useofwordswithderogatorysenses.ThefourweaboveserveasguidelinesfortranslationofEnglish4.2GeneralTransliterationisamappingfromsystemwritingintoanother.Ittobelossless,thataninformedreadershouldbetoreconstructtheoriginalspellingofwords.Inoftranslatingnamesintonames,“shouldtrykeepnationalcharacteristicsofEnglishnamesintransliterationforexample,“”isinto“史密斯R.”“利維斯“Edgar.Hoover”into“埃德加胡佛”thesetransliterationsofnameskeepcharacteristicsofnames,theylongfortoremember.SopeopleEnglishChinesecustom,“‘Virginiainto‘潘美今’,‘Margaret’into‘馮美琪’,HenryLewisStimson’‘史仃生’

etc”aretheChinesetranslationofEnglishWhenfacingChinesewillbyforeigners.SothewayofUsuallywetransliterationintranslationgiveupfreetranslation.For“Sleep”isinto“斯利普?沃爾”and--

can’tit“墻”and“睡”;“斯諾”“雪”“史密斯”but“鐵匠”““亨特”but獵人”into“格林先生”not“綠先生TheEnglishpronunciationtotallydifferentfromChinese.So,’snoteasytofindChinesewhichhasclosestpronunciationname.couldfindalotofbuttranslatednames.Inwords,translatordidn’tadoptthe“translatedinto“愛德華”butactually,“愛德瓦”isInadoptingtranslatednameavoid‘namewithseveralof’.4.2.2AdoptingestablishedpopulartranslatednamesManyhavemistranslated.Wemaygivequiteaofwhichtranslatedinto“艾登“伊登，“白求恩“貝休恩”,inaccurateinevenridiculoustranslation.Buttheybeenpopularlytheyaregenerallyandwellestablished.WehavetothesenamestoretranslateToso,wewouldperhapscreateconfusionofgettingridofunreasonabletranslation.ifaretwoortranslatednamesforforeignperson,ofnoneisveryyouhavenotoretranslateitintoarules.Hereareofestablishednames.For--

example,‘Wilde’writer)istranslated‘王爾德’butnot’intobutnot,‘BernardShaw’writerof‘肖伯納butnot‘肖納得.肖’,‘Caesar’into‘愷撒’,not‘西澤’‘’of‘雪萊’,‘謝利4.3Translationofcharacterssworksinworksisveryimportant.Soauthorshaverackedtheirbrainsthinkingofanamewhichthecharacter’smorals,habits,personalitiesarethatreadersgetofthecharacterthefirstInfact,’snotaneasyjobforwriterstogivetheirgoodnames.Intranslation,translatorssurethatthetranslatedversionsofdolikeonhandtheymusttrytokeeptheoriginalflavorasTherefore,names,namesthatpunsreflecttheauthorsthoughts,singletranslatingmethodisfarfrom

satisfactory.needemployoneindifferentintheofthatintentionallybywithaloneisnotanitgettheimpliedtransferred.InitfailtoevokethesortoforinTargetreadersasitintheSource(SL)[12]ittomethodfreetranslationFreetranslationoftranslationthatfrequentlybeenusedIntreatingwithcharacters’namesliteraryworks,translatorsusethistechniqueinanbychoosingfornamesofcharacters,roleinthework,aswellthe--

authors’specialintentionofnaming.Freetranslationcangettheimpliedwhilecannot,butinmostwehavetocombinefreetranslationtoachieveHereaexamplefromEnglishChinese.“”inbetranslatedinto“海絲特·普林”“絲特·白蘭”.thelattermuchmore“Prynne”deepmeaninginthenovel.Thesyllableof“”ispry,whichexploration.Here,triestotheevilnatureofItthatappearanceisdeceptivewetranslatedthefamilynameinto“白”(purity)inordertosatirizetheuglynature.Inaword,thereisnofixedruleonwhichtochoose.NowhatmethodistranslatorstrytheirbesttotrulyproperlythecultureinthetooftheTL.4.4TranslationcharactersinWhenwearetranslatingnames,arenotjustbetweenasdoinordinarycommunication.ToreadersoftheSL,namesofthefictionalcharactersmeaningfulhelpabetterofifonlyusetransliteration,thenameswillbecompletelymeaninglesstoreadersoftheThustheofcharacters,theculturalthepragmaticofnamesshouldbetransferred.Forexample:（1）HebecameaGatsbywent他發(fā)了橫財便拋棄我，讓我一個人受苦。（2）Heisbutheabit他是個好人，可就是老實(shí)得有點(diǎn)窩囊。--

“Gatsby”isainoncealieutenant.Afterhimselfotheractivities,hebecameofwealthiestinthehigher[13]inthesense,thenameof“Gatsby”hassincebeenusedasareferencethosewhosuddenlybecomerich.AsisknowntoalmostallAmericans,“UncleTom”inHarrietBeecherStowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisablackmanwhoconformswhitemasternoterriblymasterhadtreatedThereafternameaforlikeinreallife.Forhaveculturalknowledge,theywillbeifthesearesimplywith[10]someinformationbeaddedaftertheanexplanationortheycanalsodirectlytranslatedintotheirpragmaticshownintheLet’stakeaotherexamplesinidioms:（1）hasJill.（人各有偶InJilldorefermanbutnames.cheap

賣廉價貨物的小販子ofallmasternone

雜而不精的人aplainJane

不起眼的女人(2)thepatienceof

極大的忍耐性Jobdramaticin“Bookof”ofBibleTheoldunselfishofGod.Sincenoonemorepatientthan“Jobthepersonhasremarkableendurance.--

JoeisthepersontobeinofcustomerhasofJob.喬是負(fù)責(zé)應(yīng)付顧客意見的最適當(dāng)?shù)娜诉x，他有超人的忍耐力。(3)aJohnletter

絕情信"AJohnLetter",John"nameofcountrymusicsongduringHere,ayoungwhoseJohnintoldhimshewouldoffittocontact-cuttinglettersIaDearJohnletterfromgirlmy我收到女友來的絕交信，令人傷心欲絕。(4)havethetouch

有生財?shù)募寄芑蜻\(yùn)氣InGreekKingMidaspopularlyabilitytoturnintothe"MidasHereyoudo,itwillyouafortune.YouletTombuylotteryforyou.HehasMidastouch.你叫湯姆替你去買彩票，他的手氣特別好，干什么都贏錢。--

Chapter6Conclusionaspecialtodistinguishindividuals,isauniversalineveryTheinformationaboutshistory,isimplicatedinnames.Differentcontainingvariedvaluessituations.Thatistosay,areculturallyspecific.“Whenwearedoingtranslation,especiallywhenwemeettranslation,shouldkeepoureyespeeled”.[14]allknow,withaccelerationofmorearepouring