直接引語和間接引語必修一uni

PartⅢ:Grammar

制

作：田慶峰

審核：高一英語組

Askthestudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusinghavetoandhavegotto,andpleasepayattentiontotheirdifference.

Youhavetogonow.Youhavegottogonow.

1.你得走了。結(jié)論：

肯定句中二者意思和用法完全相同。都含有“It’sadutytodosomething.”的意思。

3.你得走了嗎？2.你不必走。Youdon’thavetogonow.Youhaven’tgottogonow.

Doyouhavetogonow?Haveyougottogonow?結(jié)論：

在否定句和疑問句中，haveto

需要加上助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成；而havegotto

則直接在have后加not或把have提前來構(gòu)成。Theshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.直接引語和間接引語

制作：田慶峰審核：高一英語組DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號(hào)“”括起來。用自己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語從句。直接引語間接引語直接引語和間接引語Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述→陳述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問→一般疑問句3.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題→特殊疑問句直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化

Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”

HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.陳述句用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接說toldthat解題步驟:1.陳述句:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”

Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthat

shedidn’tlike

computers.Sarah結(jié)論一直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化.口訣

說明直接引語間接引語1、人稱的變化一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis."Shesaidthatshe

like

tennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新直接引語

間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.特殊:直接引語若是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化

直接引語

間接引語指示代詞時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語方向性動(dòng)詞

this,

that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatday

thisweek

thatweek

yesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrow

thenextdaynextmonth

thenextmonth

here

there

come,

go,bringtake

、其他特殊變化3一般疑問句

Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”

Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”

HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序2.一般疑問句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)They

asked

himifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.it

is

easytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif

itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊絮疑問攀句He息s優(yōu)ai杏d您to壤m(xù)討e，“Wh畝at繞's天y羅ou誤r坐na辜me陶?”He請(qǐng)a昆sk山ed頭m春e罩wh劇at戚m戀y絨na夏me段w判as計(jì).He壺a淹sk功ed捧u竹s,拋“茂Ho草w邊ma絡(luò)ny獄c罩ar跌f傍ac序to雞ri積es籃h班av濾e粥be智en白b創(chuàng)ui芒lt燈i饒n限yo遞ur密c右ou坑nt奏ry影?”He紗a慰sk歪ed覽u找s損ho女w途ma滋ny蔬c座ar方f帥ac鹿to戶ri尋es巖h爭(zhēng)ad坊b縫ee奧n證bu疊il拋t鑒in披o稿ur療c位ou配nt株ry夫.原來愈的疑亞問詞失作為涼間接捕引語瀉的連號(hào)詞，線主句鏈的謂辨語動(dòng)配詞用as律k(影sb綢.傘)來表獎(jiǎng)達(dá)，枯語序鋪改為隆陳述握句語譜序3.特殊錯(cuò)疑問助句：Wh咸en球d反o密yo賣u雀ha譽(yù)rv抱es背t彈th秒e鄉(xiāng)豐wh與ea列t煎?(Th納ey定a黨sk傍ed星h鬧im)Th拼ey孕a緩sk承ed爪h巧imWh貴enyo歪u種ha霉rv松es者t船th災(zāi)e喜wh懼ea予tyo而uha眾rv度es頌tth嘩e踐wh鞠ea啊t.heha吩rv魂es揚(yáng)te券dTh禾ey朽a土sk悟ed趣h脂im暴w館he腥nhe素h潤(rùn)ar師ve竊st香edth際e塊wh眾ea調(diào)t.選擇武疑問奏句He選a功sk門ed誦,尿“D鍛o夸yo畢u鍛sp情ea掛k昂En故gl然is就h溫or墾F撲re根nc胡h?胞”He攀a魄sk驅(qū)ed逼m扶e丸wh膨et毯he保r嫌I陰sp甜ok覆e綢En伏gl儲(chǔ)is陸h文or旦F網(wǎng)re羞nc借h.I扮as挎ke欣d,權(quán)“愛Wi恭ll風(fēng)y地ou鄰t湖ak納e醋bu池s城or秘t梅ak房誠e奴tr謝ai困n?真”I肅as他ke哥d栽hi周m強(qiáng)wh劣et逮he揉r進(jìn)he痛w侮ou隙ld狐t戶ak湖e拌bu受s難or與t帽ak互e膝tr秒ai扶n.用wh極et疑he撓r…局or物…表達(dá)析，而素不用if螞…o餓r…，也粘不用ei刺th灶er局…o書r…結(jié)論二1)直接土引語黃是疑餡問句狐，變術(shù)間接全引語玩時(shí)，要從疑問姨語序變?yōu)殛愂龊握Z序。2)直接集引語竭是一般未疑問鉛句,變?yōu)橄甸g接戰(zhàn)引語時(shí),用連辣詞if或wh朋et腔he液r連接紅。3)直接蠅引語鉆是特殊焰疑問堵句,變?yōu)榻y(tǒng)間接絹引語時(shí),仍用原來阿的疑鳴問詞作連恥詞來線引導(dǎo)損。Heor薄de聯(lián)re帖d/獅to無ld區(qū)m箱e找to胖b害equ廟ie加t!Bequ齡ie金t!Fo循ll得owme再,pl叔e(cuò)a愁se!Heas戴ke齊d淺me橋t別o典fo發(fā)ll知owhi傻m.Do血n’招tma筐ke咽n憤oi哪se選!Heor拜de哨re抓d/沾to恥ld揉m堅(jiān)e棟no為t窯toma澆ke活n熊oi曲se以.結(jié)論溜三直接呈引語糠是祈梨使句辮，變乏成間時(shí)接引識(shí)語，紙根據(jù)警語氣糠的不流同在糊動(dòng)詞靈不定式前加妥te牢ll演,埋as睜k,圣o夕rd鋤er男等袋動(dòng)詞唇。把動(dòng)詞追原形變成動(dòng)詞莊不定村式，否定謊句，在畝動(dòng)詞脈不定滿式前突加no芽t或堪ne爺ve緒r.肯定得句：te鈔ll跪/矛or魔de論r/訓(xùn)a贏sk姨s狗b惑to江d悄o否定填句：te莫ll冒/郊o(jì)r任de森r/包a米sk茫s聞b龜no需t棗to杠d愚o注意撫事項(xiàng)1)人稱2)時(shí)態(tài)3)相應(yīng)氣的時(shí)許間地餃點(diǎn)狀屬語（遲若當(dāng)時(shí)估當(dāng)?shù)貪?jì)轉(zhuǎn)述芬，不呈用變慶）4)標(biāo)點(diǎn)動(dòng)符號(hào)5)大小丘寫6)問號(hào)妨改為多句號(hào)7)語序--妥-疑問敞改陳瞞述8)賓語瘡從句爬由什婦么引色出9)祈使派句要忌使用罰動(dòng)詞悲不定悟式來引題述4.與“制Wh邀y傲we謝re煎y黃ou晝l脫at推e貴ag諸ai擠n?記”梅Th衛(wèi)e亦te膀ac罩he劣r孤sa筍id拘t斤o振me給.Th壤e選te調(diào)ac聲he標(biāo)r解as勤ke系d轟mewh病y豈I線wa謝sla事te評(píng)a扎ga都in.實(shí)戰(zhàn)平演練1.雄H坐e狡sa覺id逆,購“戶I編m肌af付ra簡(jiǎn)id過I在c偉an宰’t去f合in摧is叔h釋th洲is刷w縱or坑k.魔”2.才He販s藝ai劣d口,些“I左h版av襲en墻’t嶼h臥ea述rd啟f面ro暴m燥hi指m物si少nc半e鉆Ma鋼y.槐”3.辱To滾m勻sa絹id蜜“奴I(xiàn)哥wi眨ll欺s榜ee恥y狐ou稠n謝ex漢t御we材ek只.”He央s叼ai倍d假th歡at查h即ewe狗re倘a綿fr俗ai乓dhe寺c哈ou銹ld千n’嗚t盼fi變ni報(bào)sh壺t岔ha邊t米wo盼rk.He籍s夜ai江d杜th僅at漲h彎eha中dn杜’t液h自ea掩rdfr錯(cuò)om烏h匠im果s隸in劫ce雪M窩ay調(diào).To駁m煙sa至id沖t約ha絞t袖hewo漠ul友dse翅e生meth棗ene扎xt蛇w陷ee菊k.Sa陣ra屋h竹sa愛id玻s輔hedi積dn置’tli阻ke芽s丟wi捕mm鋼in乞g.5.榮“卷I里do色n’低t辭li格ke藥s凈wi摘mm俊in忍g,刃”理sa相id斜S擁ar湖ah浩.Su敬mm挑ar子y:Gr扯am愚ma蘋r籍St甩ud腔yTh劫er巧e揉ar勉e違so蠟me器c晌as藏es飾i浮n誘wh訴ic酸h庸we銳do嬌n’拜t籌ne濫ed回t餡o朵ch代an筋ge峽t抽he薄t首en潛se唇i富n騾in依di根re釣ct禾s持pe襖ec奧h.1.真理eg雹.H形e預(yù)sa如id榴,“撲Th懼e劣ea酬rt片h襪go銳es蒜a灣ro飼un縱d紀(jì)th傾e頭su譜n.座”→He頑s巷ai聯(lián)d通th衡at態(tài)t喜he簽e升ar趙th購g捷oe詢s劫ar頌ou降nd肢t胸he平s遣un表.2.經(jīng)常面的習(xí)射慣：eg鞭.H狂e電sa嗚id袖t簡(jiǎn)o維th背e死do續(xù)ct黎or悟,包“Ism輩ok叫etw點(diǎn)o腦pa換ck汽s遭ev贏er筑y肅da桶y.購”→是He索t依ol粉d屯th聚e結(jié)do鐘ct旦or紅t陵ha腐t道hesm印ok割estw尖o跟pa綱ck害s敢ev蒙er傍y投da威y.3.歷史鞭事件坊：eg串.T炎he菜t私ea逆ch合er籍s世ai竄d,貓“次Wo塔rl塑d唐Wa減r耕Ⅱen乳de面din榴1微94志5.梯”→橫Th縱e注te炒ac藝he六r拴sa議id痰t毀ha街t牽Wo晶rl請(qǐng)d淋Wa熟r肆Ⅱen收de垮din確1遍94袍5.4.過去救的時(shí)血間狀先語(A堂n耗ad豆ve獵rb惑ia局l甘in蹲di般ca犬ti物ng型t帖he他p羊as賓t)eg交.T娃om吃s茂ai領(lǐng)d,暫“殃Iwa諷s秒bo孔rnin拘J牙ul團(tuán)y,付1異97綠8.軍”→To嫌m竊sa是id愚h漿ewa奸s既bo軟rnin嶄J豆ul型y,唯1王97北8.5.時(shí)間寨表(t壤im激et鋪ab扁le藝)eg回.H戴e亮sa相id味,僅“T魯he局t夸ra揭inle匹av息esat山7治:3螞0p送.m荒.”→He吧s拌ai詢d您th錄at污t派he規(guī)t卵ra舞inle除av份esat系7亞:3央0p蟻.m潑.6.格言/引用炎語(a友s蹄ay抖in毀g/員pr估ov勾er炕b/蛛qu燈ot董at畝io線n)eg扶.H浸e認(rèn)sa農(nóng)id擁,察“R泡om揉eis慢n’滾t爸bu岔il戰(zhàn)tin側(cè)a裕d燙ay開.”→He委s督ai拿d英th壯a(bǔ)tRo鍬meis受n’際t感bu爽il磁tin狗a賴d暖ay餃.7.部分汁情態(tài)磨動(dòng)詞,如mu從st盞,宏ou磁gh她t測(cè)to日,難us遷ed伶t華o,倍h房誠ad濫b嶼et繩te韻r等：Sh但e咳sa裹id著t漠o嶺me展:售“Y顯ou約m模us礦t聽hu顆rr涂y揪up光.”→晨Sh烈e標(biāo)sa掃id劑t胃ha端t劉I嚇mu伐st呼h批ur掌ry窮u紛p.Th剖e渴te絕ac甘he選r每sa景id，“Do揮n’浪t嫁be皆l親at鑄e，Ma銹ry值.消”Th缺e竟te肉ac顆he膨r泛to逼ld費(fèi)_伸__拼_.A.老M訊ar瓜y原no渾t脫to硬b漲e械la陪teB.軟M艇ar般y峽to氧b軌e述no罷t鹿la堆teC.辰M瓣ar薄y如ar宏e轟no肆t慎la俊te竊D管.追no棟t角to訂b黑e栽la噴te2.賠H含e評(píng)as幟ke末d貝he伍r，“Wh垂er雁e衰ar糧e技yo們u獎(jiǎng)go提in材g?民”He耀a與sk勿ed弟h音er壤_島__閘_.A.婦w絨he聯(lián)re倚s羞h(yuǎn)e差w吧er飼e嫂go豆in寫gB.候w魯he駕re擁s型he順w葵as笑g零oi鄙ng型t驅(qū)oC.途w貼he啊re宴s羞h(yuǎn)e缺w顆as朗g臭oi戒ngD.撐w踢h(yuǎn)e引re圈s恩he廚i張s沫go閣in砍g鞏固輩提高3.互T殺he肝l仁ad垃y施sa則id，“I典sh交al巨l淹co摸me絮t蜓o眉wo會(huì)rk票o窮n尾ti錢me侍.視”Th圖e貌la俱dy聾s掉ai卻d籃th牽at沖_煎__為_.A.業(yè)I范w華ou烈ld敲g土o恨to勝w棗or袍k軌on煉t役im眨eB.恥s己he必w蓮ou罵ld地g紹o皮to債w側(cè)or姥kon復(fù)t雜im廊eC.摘s爭(zhēng)he修w謎ou詠ld勉c管om倘e辭to馳w侄or爽k圖on評(píng)t值im跑eD.除h緞e撐wo馬ul倍d倘go采t泛o布wo刺rkon請(qǐng)t股im觸e4.粒H突e股sa可id牙t諸o葵me，“I穿wr詳ot訓(xùn)e蘇to章m械y之fa蠟th朋erye梅st塘er剝da其y.賄”He歐t搬ol委d命me首h臺(tái)e懸ha什d敬wr悲it池te辦n虹to擇h鄙is坦f扒at笨he浙r生__嚇__兇.A.湊t鞏he尿y恒es糟te坦rd陰ay們B今.扁be膀fo斷re絡(luò)t糞od鞭ayC.優(yōu)t撕he鞏d擺ay迫b興ef警or楚e袍D只.抖th霞e鹿ne纖xt潑d瘡ay5.乎T塑he危t拍ea葛ch牙er緣瑞a浸sk歲ed，“Ar棍e觀yo攻u方wa逢it購in慢g攜fo喜r勞th侵e婆bu扎s?飛”Th波e嬸te訊ac岸he退r極as奮ke龍d緞__沈__張f卻or撒t完he筍b段us鴿.A.畢i潛f煤I倡wa姓s澡wa董it花in杯g略B.拜w系as賄I嬌w義ai客ti伸ngC.封y純ou貨a吸re暫w簡(jiǎn)ai巷ti投ng擾D教.滋I妻wa最s等wa嘗it垃in腰g6.憑T漂he允p肚ro驢fe某ss轟or廊s精ai近d業(yè)th突at泉l遣ig跨ht趟_張__魔_腔fa胳st悄er候t撓ha榆n書so冊(cè)u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