四六級(jí)考試作文

講座內(nèi)容四六級(jí)寫作的基本要求歷年考試真題命題趨勢(shì)分析句子寫作與錯(cuò)誤分析常用承接用語(yǔ)常用句型段落寫作文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)十句作文法寫作基本策略四六級(jí)寫作練習(xí)題講評(píng)四級(jí)作文考試要求CET4級(jí)考試大綱對(duì)作文的要求是：考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇120個(gè)單詞的短文。試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫，或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求考生能正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識(shí)。六級(jí)作文考試要求CET6級(jí)考試大綱對(duì)作文的要求是：考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇120－150個(gè)單詞的短文。試卷上可能給出題目，或要求看圖作文，或根據(jù)文章寫出摘要或大意。要求切題，能正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，文理通順，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括科技、社會(huì)、文化等方面的一般常識(shí)。

WomenintheModernWorld

Rangefinders

Womenareplayinganincreasedimportantpartinsocietytoday.…………………...Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,women’spositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.……Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.…………………Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday.Intoday,manywomenhaveawork.Theyworkedaswellasmenplayinganimportantpartinfactories.Therearemanywomeningovernmentalso.Theyleadotherpeoplecountry,andmakeoutplans.Therearemanyscientistslso.Theyeventnewthingstoimproveourlife.Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,women’spositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Inancient,women’spositioninfamilyispity.Theyhadtolooksaftertheirchildren,dideveryhowhusbandorderedhertodo.Butnowitischanged.Theyareequaltoherhusband.Theyhavetherightofspeakingofidea,discussionthingwithherhusband,dowhatshewantstodo.

Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Wealsoshouldrealize,women’likertyarelimited.Forexample,manyfactorieswantmenbecomeitsworkersbutthechanceofwomenislessthanmen.Everyoneshoulddotheirbesttochangethiscondition.I’msure,theliberationofwomenwouldbeincreased.

評(píng)語(yǔ)：基本切題。但表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。(注：這是老版本，滿分為15分)5Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantpartinsocietytoday.InManycountries,moreandmorewomenareactingasworkers,farmers,scientistsandevenleaders.Wecansaythatalmostalljobswhichmencandoaredoneperfectlybywomen.Womenarenolongerlookeddownuponbysociety.Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,women’spositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Husbandandwifearenowequalinthefamily.Theycopewithproblemsofdailylifetogether,andsharehappinesswitheachther.Also,youcanhardlyfindoutthatintoday’sfamilies,womenarebeingbusywithdinners,whereasmencomfortablysittinginarmchairs,readingnewspapers.Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Anumberofmenstilljealouslyguardtheirrights,andregardwomenasincapablecreature.Fewwomenareallowedtoattendimportantinternationalmeetingsdominatedbymen.That’sreallytheproblemsweshouldsolveimmediately.

評(píng)語(yǔ)：切題。論證充分，有說服力，論證手段豐富（舉例、正反）表達(dá)思想清楚，語(yǔ)言流暢，詞匯豐富，連貫性好。用詞準(zhǔn)確，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)誤。（滿分15分）

14常見錯(cuò)誤分析1.Thereisanoldsentencesays“Practicemakesperfect.”2.TherearemanypeopleagreetohaveaspokenEnglishtest.3.Someoneconsiderthatboysalwaysperformancebetterthangirls.Butmanypeoplethinknot.4.Somepersonsgointoprisonbecauseofmoney.5.WeareinGradeTwo.Andthenewwordsinthetextbecomemoreandmore.6.Thenewsmadeusfeelafraid.ReferencebooksletusbeabletomoreconvenientlystudyEnglish.8.Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.9.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.

10.Weallknowthatfailisthemotherofsucceed.11.Thequestionofpopulationwasseriousinmoderntimes.12.Wehadtoplantmoretreestomakeourcitiesgreenernowadays.13.Whatyouaredoingcanbesuccessfulornot,thisdependsoninformation.14.Myfatherdoesmosthouseworksuchascookingandwashing,Becausemymotherisextremelybusy.15.Sothesayingthatinformationisone’seyesand

earsareverycorrect.16.Somepeoplethinkthatsomenumberscanbringgoodluck.Suchas“six,eight,eighteen”andsoon.

HowcanwestudyEnglishwell?Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinthefuture,itmustbepaidattentionto.Aman’sdeterminationisalsoimportant.Itisoftenneglected.Someoneonlydependsongoodluck.Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourfuture,youshouldattachimportancetothestudyofEnglish.ButhowcanyoudowellinyourEnglishstudies?Amongotherthings,determinationisanimportantfactorinlearningEnglish.However,somepeopletendtoneglectthisandonlyhopethatluckwillhelp/favorthem.

母語(yǔ)干擾性錯(cuò)誤結(jié)構(gòu)變態(tài)

(1)Makeourcitiesgreenerisimportant.Planttressandflowersisthebestmeasuretoobtainthegoal.(2)Ourearthisdifficulttosupportsolargepopulation.(3)PeoplecanthroughtheInternettogetinformation..(4)

Anotheradvantageofthebicycleistakeuplittlespacetoparkthanthecar.(5)AsweallknowthatChinawhichisapoorcountryhasthebiggestpopulation.詞義扭曲

(1)

Thetownhasonly30thousandpopulationbutitseconomyhasbeenontheriseinrecentyears.(2)

Inmyopinion,acollegestudentshouldlearnatleastfiveorsixthousandEnglishvocabulary.(3)

Icanhardlyfindacommonpointwithmydesk-mate.(4)Informationisunavoidableinourtimes,namely,wecannotkeepawayfromit.(1)

MyEnglishbaseisstillverypoor.MyEnglishlevelislow.Hishealthisbad.(2)Themodelofbikesarevariousandtheirqualityisbetter.(3)

Everyonehashisshortcomings.Nooneisaonepercentfullmanwithoutfault.表達(dá)失誤

文章的過渡手段Tomanyforeigners,theAmericanword“family”isconfusing.ForeignersoftenhearanAmericansay"Myfamilyiscomingtovisit."Inthissentence,familymeansgrandparentsandperhapsotherrelatives.However,atothertimes,thesameAmericanmightsay,"I'mgoingtostayhomewithmyfamilythisweekend."Inthiscase,heistalkingabouthiswifeandchildren.Thisisamuchnarrowermeaningthanthefirstone.UsingfamilyinthiswaymakesaforeignerwonderwhichtermreallydescribesanAmericanfamily.Theanswer,ofcourse,isthattherearetwomeaningsforthewordfamilyintheUnitedStates--anarrowoneandabroadone.Andthereisanotherterm----immediatefamily-----todescribesomethinginbetween.過渡詞語(yǔ)的分類

順序和接續(xù)first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)…inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;next,then,finally,last(ly),tostartwith,then.遞進(jìn)

also,besides,furthermore,moreover,aboveall,inaddition,whatismore轉(zhuǎn)折however,instead,nevertheless,still,yet讓步

anyhow,anyway,though,atanyrate,inspiteofthat,allthesame,afterall,allthesame,despite,evenso,forall,forallthat,however,inanycase.結(jié)果

consequently,hence,therefore,thus,asaresult,accordingly,asitturnedout,atallevents,butfor,eventually,finally,inanyevent,intheevent,so,somehow,thanksto.推論

else,otherwise,then,inthatcase,inotherwords,perhaps,presumably,probably.對(duì)照

conversely,onthecontrary,(ontheonehand…)ontheotherhand,similarly,orrather.評(píng)價(jià)certainly,evidently,naturally,normally,obviously,personally,really,surely同位

forexample/instance,Imean,inotherwords,namely,orrather,sotospeak,thatis,thatistosay證實(shí)

actually,apparently,asamatteroffact,asarule,indeed,ineffect,infact,ofcourse總結(jié)

allinall,briefly,inall,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,so,summingup,tosumup起過渡作用的代詞、同義詞、連接詞和詞的重復(fù)

1.起過渡作用的代詞

Heaskedwhatthatmeant.Wewatchedthehikers.Theyclimbedslowly.

2.起過渡作用的同義詞

Communitycollegesarelikethetwo-yearcollegescalledjuniorcolleges,or"j.c.'s".Bothschoolspreparestudentsforfour-yearcolleges.J.c.'sofferallthecoursesmostfour-yearcollegesasktheirfreshmenandsophomorestotake.Communitycollegesalsogivesuchrequiredcourses.Butcommunitycollegesarealsolikeotherinstitutionscalledtradeschools.Bothschoolsoffertechnicaltraining.Tradeschoolsgivecoursesinsuchareasascarpentry,nursing,televisionrepairing,orphotography.Communitycollegeshavecompletetechnicalcoursesforstudentswhodonotplantogoontoauniversity.

3．

重復(fù)詞起過渡作用

Gulls,astheysoar,arenotalwayssearchingforfoodbutmerelyhavingfunonthewing.Agullflyingalongtheshoreistakingadvantagesofwindcurrentformedwhentheseaairstrikesthewarmlandandrises.Gullsalsolovethelower,weakeraircurrentsthatformaboutthreefeetabovethewaves.Theyridethemforhours,tippingfromonecurrenttothenext.Mostpeoplethinkthatgullsridebehindboatsforthefood.Butgarbageisonlyasmallpartofwhattheyeat.Clamsandfishmakeupmostoftheirdiet.Theseagullsfollowboatsforthetideonthethermalcurrentstheshipscreateatsea.

4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)起承上啟下的作用

Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don'targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon'tlovethem.Don'targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don'targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don'targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother'srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords.Don'targue.

常用句型H:\writing\寫作句型.doc段落寫作起首段的寫作主體段的寫作結(jié)尾段的寫作起首段的寫作1）指出某一現(xiàn)象。Nowadays,____hasbecomethetalkoftown.Whereveryougo,youcanhearittalkedaboutbypeoplefromallworksoflife.Actuallyyoucanhardlyavoidexposingyourselftoadiscussionaboutitevenifyouturnadeafeartoit,becauseithasenteredeveryholeandcornerofourdailylife.2)簡(jiǎn)要說明某種事物的重要性_________isquitecommoninoureverydaylife,andthusitsimportanceisusuallyignoredbymanyofus.Itsvalue,however,cannotbeunderestimated,althoughwecannotmeasureitsimportanceinthesamewayweestimatethevalueofwater,air,riceandotherthings.3)簡(jiǎn)要說明圖表內(nèi)容

Fromthetable/graph/chart/illustrationabove,itcanbeseenthatthe_______hasundergoneagradualbutsteadyincreaseinthepastfewdecades.Thenumberof___in1983,1999was____,_____respectively,showingatendencyof_____’saccelerateddevelopment.主體段落1)某一現(xiàn)象的原因

Therearemanycausesfor_.Therecausescanbereducedtotwomajorkinds:internalandexternal.Internallyspeaking,…Externallyspeaking,…Weknowthatexternalcausesbecomeoperativethoughinternalcauses.Sotherootcausesareonthepartof____.2)舉出不同的人對(duì)同一事物的不同看法Optionsarewidelydividedabout____.Somearguethat…Othersbelievethat…Stillothersholdthat…Thelistgoesonandon.3)分析某一事物Thereisnodenyingthefactthat____hasalotofadvantages.Itnotonly…butalso…Atthesametime,…So,itisnottoomuchtosaythatwithout___,outlifewouldbeunimaginable.

Withallitsadvantages/Advantageousasitis,__alsohassomeobviousdisadvantages.Tobeginwith,…Besides,…Furthermore,…Inaword,thelimitationsof__cannotbedenied.4)批駁某一錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)Thisargumentseemstobereasonableatfirstglance,butonsecondthoughts,youcanfindthatitdoesnotholdwateratall,becauseitisfarawayfromtheactualitiesofourpresentsociety,inwhich…結(jié)尾段落

1)表達(dá)自己不同的看法Alltheabove-mentionedopinionsarereasonabletoacertaindegree.Strictlyspeaking,noneifthemarewell-grounded,becausetheyareneitherratherextremeortooconservative.Differentfromtheirs,mypointofviewisthat…2)你所認(rèn)為的解決問題的途徑

Inmyopinion,tofindapropersolutiontotheabove-mentionedproblem,weshouldmakeacarefulstudyofthepresentsituation,takingintoaccountbothitsfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Thekeytotheproblemliesin…3)對(duì)某一論述做小結(jié)

Muchhasbeensaidabout_____.Therightsandwrongsoftheproblemhave,sofar,becomequiteclear.Theremaybealotofothersimilarphenomenainoursocietytoday.Aslongaswekeepsharp-sighted,wewillalwaysbewiththetruth.4)對(duì)某一新生事物的看法______isoneofthenewlyemergingthingsinChinatoday.Itmustbeadmittedthatthereismuchroomforimprovement.However,wecannotdemandperfectofitatthepresenttime,becausenothingisbornperfect.Solongaswegivesupporttoitsdevelopment,itwillbenefitusgreatly.段落的寫作

Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don'targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon'tlovethem.Don'targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don'targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don'targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother'srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords:Don'targue.

段落的結(jié)構(gòu):包括主題句(

topicsentence),推展句(supportingsentences)及結(jié)論句(concludingsentence)分析下列段落的結(jié)構(gòu)

Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.

Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.

Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness.主題句1.關(guān)鍵詞:Hecanfixabicyclehimself.

2.中心思想:修正:1.Hefixabicyclehimselfinseveralsimplesteps.

2.Thereareseveralreasonswhyhecanfixabicyclehimself.

Therearetwoways.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandbestwaytomakeyourselfofitisbywritinginit.Therearetwowaysinwhichyouownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit.Thesecondisthatyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfbywritinginit.推展句和次要推展句

(主題句)Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate.(推展句1)Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived.(推展句2)Altitude,ortheheightabovesealevel,alsodeterminesclimate.(推展句3)Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateofadjacentland.(推展句4)Inaddition,climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationoftheatmosphere.

(主題句)Idon'tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.(主要推展句1)TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.(主要推展句2)Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.(次要推展句1)Red-eye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.(次要推展句2)Sweaty-palm,becauseI'malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.(次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.

段落發(fā)展的手段

1.列舉法(details)2.舉例法(example)3.敘述法(narration)4.對(duì)比法或比較法(comparison&contrast)5.分類法(classification)6.因果分析法(causeandeffect)7.定義法(definition)8.重復(fù)法(repetition)

1.列舉法(details)

YesterdaywasoneofthoseawfuldaysformewheneverythingIdidwentwrong.

First,Ididn'thearmyalarmclockandarrivedlateforwork.Then,Ididn'treadmydiaryproperlyandforgottogettoanimportantmeetingwithmyboss.Duringthecoffeebreak,Idroppedmycoffeecupandspoiltmynewskirt.Atlunchtime,Ileftmypurseonabusandlostallthemoneythatwasinit.Afterlunch,mybosswasangrybecauseIhadn'tgonetothemeeting.ThenIdidn'tnoticeasignonadoorthatsaid"WetPaint"andsoIspoiltmyjackettoo.WhenIgothomeIcouldn'tgetintomyflatbecauseIhadleftmykeyinmyoffice.SoIbrokeawindowtogetin－andcutmyhand.2.舉例法(example)

Therearemanydifferentformsofexercisestosuitdifferenttastes.Forexample,thosewhoenjoycompetitivesportsmaytakeupballgames.Foranotherexample,iftheyprefertoexercisealone,theycanhavearunortakeawalkinthemorningorintheevening.Besides,peoplecangoswimminginthesummerandgoskatinginthewinter.Inshort,nomatterwhattheirinterestsare,peoplecanalwaysfindmorethanonesportsthataresuitabletothem.

3.敘述法(narration)Intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.Whenshelookedoutthroughthewindow,shediscoveredthatherneighborwasthreatenedbysomeone.Sheimmediatelycalledthepolicestation.Inanswertothecall,apatrolpolicecararrivedatthesceneofthecrimequickly.Threepolicemenwentinsidetheflatatonce,andothersguardedoutsidethebuildingtopreventanyonefromescaping.

4.對(duì)比法或比較法(comparison&contrast)

Theheartofanelectroniccomputerliesinitsvacuumtubes,ortransistors.Itselectroniccircuitsworkathousandtimesfasterthanthenicercellsinthehumanbrain.Aproblemthatmighttakeahumanbeingalongtimetosolvecanbesolvedbyacomputerinoneminute.5.分類法(classification)

Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Touristsandthepeopleunabletohearorspeakhavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareveryvividandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.Otherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinsignalflags,Morsecode,andpicturesigns.6.因果分析法(causeandeffect)Theroleofwomenintoday'ssocietyischanging.

Onereasonisthatwomenhavebeguntoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewomen'smovement.Also,womenareawareofthealternativestostayingathome.Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomenwhoenternewfieldsandinterestsserveasrolemodelsforotherwomen.Moreover,menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomenandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependencepositively.

7.定義法(definition)Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomationoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".8.重復(fù)法(repetition)Sincethattime,whichisfarenoughawayfromnow,Ihaveoftenthoughtthatfewpeopleknowwhatsecrecythereisintheyoung,underterror.Iwasinmortalterroroftheyoungmanwhowantedmyheartandliver;Iwasinmortalterrorofmyinterlocutorwiththeironleg;Iwasinmortalterrorofmyself,fromwhomanawfulpromisehadbeenextracted;---段落的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先，一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來(lái)表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題，這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性(unity)。其次，一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺，這就是完整性(completenessoradequateness)再者，一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無(wú)章的，而是有機(jī)的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth)，這就是連貫性(coherence)。

MynameisRoseanna,andIliketokeepphysicallyfit.Iusedtoweightwohundredpounds,butIjoinedtheYMCAforanexerciseclassanddietprogram.InoneyearIlosteightypounds.Ifeelmuchbetterandneverwanttohavethatmuchweightonmyfive-feetframeagain.Iboughttwonewsuitcaseslastweek.EverydayIpracticejoggingthreemiles,swimmingfifteenlaps,liftingtwenty-poundweightsandplayingtennisforonehour.Mymotherwasaprematurebaby.

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ChangesinPeople’sDiet(1)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,rice,thestaplefoodofmostChinese,isnowplayinglessimportantroleintheirdiet,whiletheconsumptionofhighqualityfoodsuchasmeat,milkandfruithasgreatlyincreased.(2)Akeychangehastakenplaceonthefamilydiningtableinthelasttenyears.(3)Therearetwofactorsleadingtothechange.(4)Foronething,peoplenowenjoyahigherstandardofliving.(5)Intheolddaysfewpeoplecouldaffordmeatandmildeveryday,whichoftenmeantabigchunkofthefamilyincome.(6)Butnowpeoplehaveenoughmoneytotastearichvarietyoffoods.(7)Foranother,peopleoftodaypaymoreattentiontonutrition.(8)Theyarenotmerelycontenttofilltheirstomach.(9)Theyareseekingthe