英語新選修六講義UNIT1SECTIONⅠWARMINGUPREADING-PREREADING

Startingaround4000 B．C.,traditionalChinesebrushpaintinghasdevelopedcontinuouslyoveraperiodofmorethansixthousandyears.Itsgrowthhasreflectedthechangesoftime.Duringthe1stcenturyA．D.,theartofpaintingreligiousmoralsgraduallygainedinprominence(明顯；突出),withtheintroductionofBuddhismtoChinaandtheconsequentbuildingoftemples.However,thesubjectlaterexpandedbeyondreligiousthemes.Forexample,paintingsofhistoricalcharactersandstoriesofeverydaylifebecameextremelypopular.Bythe4thcentury,thisparticulartypeofpaintinghadalreadyestablisheditselfasanindependentformofexpression.Itthengraduallydevelopedintotwoseparatestylesincludingagenre(藝術(shù)風(fēng)格)monlyfoundinChinesebrushpainting—flower-and-birdpainting.Agreatmanyartistsinthe9thcenturypaintedinthisgenreandtheirsubjectsincludedarichvarietyofflowers,fruits,birds,insects,andfish.Sincetheturnofthe20thcentury,paintershaveoftenmixedseveralcolorsononebrushormixedtheircolorswithblackinks,whichissimilartothewesternpaintingskill.Asaresult,theyhaveobtainedmorenaturalandrichlyvariedcolors.Suchtechniqueshavebeenwidelyadoptedandfurtherdevelopedinthecontemporaryperiod.

Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre-readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈現(xiàn)])eq\a\vs4\al([讀文清障])ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGArtisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaith①ofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart②，itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.Consequently③，thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones,startingfromthesixthcenturyAD④.TheMiddleAges⑤(5thto15thcenturyAD)DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaim⑥ofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.Aconventional⑦artistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeopleastheyreallywere.Atypical⑧pictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols,whichcreatedafeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevident⑨t(yī)hatideaswerechanginginthe13thcentury⑩whenpainterslikeGiottodiBondone?begantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.①faith/feIθ/n.信任；信念；信念faithfully/'feIθf?lI/adv.忠實(shí)地②as引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句。③consequently/'k?nsIkw?ntlI/adv.因而；所以④現(xiàn)在分詞短語startingfrom...在句中作定語，修飾ones。⑤theMiddleAges中世紀(jì)⑥aim/eIm/n.目標(biāo)；目的vi.&vt.瞄準(zhǔn)；(向某方向)努力⑦conventional/k?n'ven??nl/adj.常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的；因循守舊的⑧typical/'tIpIkl/adj.典型的；有代表性的⑨evident/'evId?nt/adj.明顯的；明白的⑩Itis/wasevidentthat...“明顯……〞，it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。?GiottodiBondone/'d??t??dI'b?nd?n/喬托(意大利畫家、雕刻家、建筑師)西方繪畫藝術(shù)簡史藝術(shù)受一個(gè)民族的生活習(xí)俗和影響。西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格經(jīng)受了屢次變革。由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不行能去全面的描述它們。因此，本文只談及從公元6世紀(jì)以來最主要的幾種(藝術(shù)風(fēng)格)。中世紀(jì)(公元5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì))在中世紀(jì)，畫家的主要目的是表現(xiàn)主題。這個(gè)時(shí)期傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于照實(shí)地呈現(xiàn)自然和人物。這個(gè)時(shí)期的典型的繪畫布滿了的特征，表達(dá)出了對(duì)的敬重與愛戴之情。但是，很明顯在13世紀(jì)時(shí)，(人們的)思想正經(jīng)受著變化，像喬托這樣的畫家們開頭用一種比擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格來畫場(chǎng)景。TheRenaissance?(15thto16thcentury)DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadopt?amorehumanistic?attitudetolife.AtthesametimepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewantedtopossess?theirownpaintings,sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperb?palacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves,theirhousesandpossessions?aswellas?theiractivitiesandachievements.Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective?.Thistechnique?wasfirstusedbyMasaccioeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))in1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictureseq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Bycoincidenceeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))，oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieceseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))forwhichthisperiodisfamouseq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).?renaissance/rI'neIsns;US'ren?sɑ?ns/n.新生；復(fù)興；復(fù)活theRenaissance文藝復(fù)興(時(shí)期)?adopt/?'d?pt/vt.接受；接受；收養(yǎng)?humanistic/?hju?m?'nIstIk/adj.人道主義的?possess/p?'zes/vt.擁有；具有；支配?superb/su?'p??b；sju?'p??b/adj.卓越的；杰出的；極好的?possession/p?'ze?n/n.(尤作復(fù)數(shù))全部；財(cái)產(chǎn)?aswellas既……又……；也，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。?perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透視畫法；透視圖；觀點(diǎn)?technique/tek'ni?k/n.技術(shù)；方法；技能eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))Masaccio/m?'sɑ?t?I??/馬薩喬(意大利畫家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeen...是含有虛擬語氣的復(fù)合句，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的狀況。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))coincidence/k??'InsId?ns/n.巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合bycoincidence巧合地eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))masterpiece/'mɑ?st?pi?s/n.杰作；名著eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))這里without引導(dǎo)的介詞短語表述非真實(shí)條件，整個(gè)句子叫含蓄虛擬條件句。forwhich...是“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞〞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期(15世紀(jì)到16世紀(jì))在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，新的思想和價(jià)值觀漸漸取代了中世紀(jì)提出的那些。人們開頭較少關(guān)注主題而且實(shí)行一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。同時(shí)畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。他們力爭照實(shí)地畫出人物和自然。富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品以便用來裝飾他們的高級(jí)宮殿和豪宅。他們出價(jià)聘請(qǐng)聞名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫像，畫自己的房屋和財(cái)物，以及他們的活動(dòng)和成就。在此期間，最重要的發(fā)覺之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。這一手法是1428年由馬薩喬第一次使用的。當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫時(shí)，他們還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景，并對(duì)此深信不疑。假如沒有發(fā)覺透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。巧合的是，這一時(shí)期油畫顏料也得到了開展，使得繪畫中使用的顏色看上去更豐富、更膚淺。沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能夠看到很多使這一時(shí)期聞名的杰作。Impressionismeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))(late19thtoearly20thcentury)Inthelate19thcentury,Europechangedagreatdealeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，fromamostlyagriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrialone.Manypeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetothenewcities.Thereweremanynewinventionsandsocialchanges.Naturally,thesechangesalsoledtonewpaintingstyles.Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))thetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinPariseq\o(○,\s\up1(29)).TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoorseq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Theywereeagertoshowhowlightandshadoweq\o(○,\s\up1(31))fellonobjectsatdifferenttimesofday.However,becausenaturallightchangessoquickly,theImpressionistshadtopaintquickly.Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainterseq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingandbecameveryangryaboutit.Theysaidthatthepainterswerecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculouseq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))impressionism/Im'pre??nIz?m/n.印象主義；印象派impressionist/Im'pre??nIst/adj.印象派的n.印象派藝術(shù)家post-impressionistadj.后印象派的n.后印象派藝術(shù)家eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))agreatdeal大量eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))breakawayfrom脫離eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))介詞短語Amongthepainters位于句首，句子用完全倒裝語序。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))動(dòng)詞不定式短語toworkoutdoors作定語，修飾thefirstpainters。當(dāng)中心詞被thefirst/last等修飾時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)作定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))shadow/'??d??/n.陰影；影子eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))句子Theirpaintingswere...中包含notas...as句式，表示“不如……〞，those指代前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞paintings。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))ridiculous/rI'dIkj?l?s/adj.荒唐的；可笑的印象派時(shí)期(19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期)19世紀(jì)后期，歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化，從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會(huì)。很多人從農(nóng)村遷到了新城市。有著很多新創(chuàng)造和社會(huì)變革。這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風(fēng)格。在那些突破傳統(tǒng)繪畫風(fēng)格的畫家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派畫家。印象派畫家是第一批室外寫生的畫家。他們急迫地想把一天中不同時(shí)間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來。然而由于自然光的變化很快，印象派畫家們必需很快地作畫，他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細(xì)致了。起初，很多人都不喜愛這種畫法，甚至還怒不行遏。他們說這些畫家漫不經(jīng)心、粗枝大葉，而他們的作品是荒唐可笑的。ModernArt(20thcenturytotoday)Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversialeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall“modernart〞eq\o(○,\s\up1(35)).ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheirenvironmentinnewwayseq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).Therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.Ontheonehand,somemodernartisabstract;thatis,thepainterdoesnotattempteq\o(○,\s\up1(37))topaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes,butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem.Ontheotherhandeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))，somepaintingsofmodernartaresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographseq\o(○,\s\up1(39)).Thesestylesaresodifferent.Whocanpredicteq\o(○,\s\up1(40))whatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture？eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))controversial/?k?ntr?'v???l/adj.爭辯的；爭議的eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))what引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語。whatwecall譯為“我們所說的；所謂的〞。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))Thisisbecause...這是由于……(because后跟緣由)Thisiswhy...這就是為什么……(why后跟結(jié)果)eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))attempt/?'tempt/n.努力；嘗試；企圖vt.嘗試；企圖eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))ontheotherhand(可是)另一方面eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))so...that“如此……以至于〞，在此引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))predict/prI'dIkt/vt.預(yù)言；預(yù)報(bào)；猜測(cè)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀(jì)至今)在印象派作品的創(chuàng)立初期，它們是存在爭議的。但是如今它們已被人們接受而成為我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)〞的始祖了。這是由于印象派鼓舞畫家用嶄新的方式去看待他們的環(huán)境。現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格有好幾十種，然而假如沒有印象派，那么這很多不同的風(fēng)格或許就不存在。一方面，有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不準(zhǔn)備把我們眼睛看到的東西照實(shí)地畫出來，而是集中呈現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性，用顏色、線條和外形把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。(而)另一方面，有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫實(shí)，它們看上去就像是照片。這些風(fēng)格如此不同。誰能預(yù)言將來會(huì)有什么樣的繪畫藝術(shù)風(fēng)格呢？Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．faithA．sth.youhopetoachievebydoingsth.2．typical B．a(chǎn)strongfeelingoftrustorconfidenceinsomeoneorsth.3．a(chǎn)imC．thedarkshapethatsomeoneorsomethingmakesonasurface4．possession D．havingtheusualfeaturesorqualitiesofaparticulargrouporthing5．shadowE．sth.thatyouownorhavewithyouataparticulartime6．superbF．basedongeneralideasratherthanspecificexamples7．a(chǎn)bstractG．havepossessionof8．possessH．excellent;splendid1～5____________6～8________答案：1～5BDAEC6～8HFGLead-inWhatisart?Canyoulistsomeformsofart?答案：(1)painting(2)papercutting(3)sculpture(4)architecture(5)danceWhile-readingFast-readingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Howreligiouspaintingsdeveloped.B．Howoilpaintingsdeveloped.C．HowImpressionistpaintingsdeveloped.D．HowWesternartdeveloped.2．Inwhatwayisthepassagedeveloped?A．Bytime. B．Byspace.C．Byparison. D．Bycontrast.答案：Careful-readingReadthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．PaintingsintheMiddleAgeswereveryrealistic.B．Westernarthaschangedalotsincethe5thcentury.C．TheImpressionistpaintingswerepaintedmainlyindoors.D．ModernartbeganintheRenaissance.2．AtfirstmostpeoplehatedtheImpressionists'styleofpainting,because________.A．theirpaintingswereveryabstractB．theirpaintingswereveryrealisticC．theybrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingD．theirpaintingswereveryridiculous3．IntheRenaissance,painters________.A．paintedreligiousscenesinamorerealisticstyleB．focusedmoreonreligionthanonhumansC．begantopaintoutdoorsD．returnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart4．________discoveredhowtomakepaintingslookmorerealbyusingperspective.A．GiottodiBondone B．MasaccioC．ClaudeMonet D．PabloPicasso5．Accordingtothepassage,artisinfluencedlesslikelyby________.A．a(chǎn)griculture B．faithofapeopleC．socialchanges D．thecustoms答案：1～5BCDBAStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]但是，很明顯在13世紀(jì)時(shí)，(人們的)思想正經(jīng)受著變化，像喬托這樣的畫家們開頭用一種比擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格來畫場(chǎng)景。2．Bycoincidence,oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.[句式分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容；從句中madethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper是“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)〞結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式短語；過去分詞短語usedinpaintings作后置定語，修飾colours。[嘗試翻譯]巧合的是，這一時(shí)期油畫顏料也得到了開展，使得繪畫中使用的顏色看上去更豐富、更膚淺。3．AmongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinParis.[句式分析]本句的主干是AmongthepaintersweretheImpressionists，介詞短語Amongthepainters位于句首，引起全部倒裝。句中的兩個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句分別修飾先行詞thepainters和theImpressionists。[嘗試翻譯]在那些突破傳統(tǒng)繪畫風(fēng)格的畫家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派畫家。4．Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversial,buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall“modernart〞．[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]在印象派作品的創(chuàng)立初期，它們是存在爭議的。但是如今它們已被人們接受而成為我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)〞的始祖了。5．Ontheonehand,somemodernartisabstract;thatis,thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes,butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem.[句式分析]thatis為插入語；asweseethemwithoureyes為方式狀語從句；usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。[嘗試翻譯]一方面，有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不準(zhǔn)備把我們眼睛看到的東西照實(shí)地畫出來，而是集中呈現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性，用顏色、線條和外形把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhentheApolloastronauts(宇航員)landedontheMoonin1969,millionsofpeoplewererathersad.Thepersontoblame(責(zé)怪)forthiswasanartistnamedChesleyBonestell.Formanyyears,BonestellhadbeencreatingbeautifullydetailedpaintingsoftheMoonandplanets.ViewersofhisartworkwereunhappybecausetherealMoondidnotlooklikeBonestell'spicturesofit.Asaspaceartist,BonestelltriedtomakehisdrawingslookexcitingandastrueastheMoonis.Heworkedcloselywithastronomersandscientiststogetthemostup-to-datescientificinformationavailable.Butinthe1940sand1950s,noonehadeverseenanotherplanetupclose.YetBonestell'spaintingslookedsorealthatsomepeoplethoughttheywerephotographs.EventhoughBonestellwasinterestedinastronomy,hedidnotstartoutasaspaceartist.Asayoungmanhestudiedarchitecture—theartandscienceofdesigningandmakingbuildings.In1938BonestellbecameaspecialeffectsartistinHollywood.Itwasherethathelearnedhecouldimprovehispaintingsbyfollowingthemethodsusedinthemovies.In1944,apopularmagazinepublishedaseriesofBonestell'spaintingsoftheplanetSaturn.HedrewSaturnasifitwereseenbysomeonestandingoneachoftheplanet'smoons.Theresultsweredazzling.Withinafewyears,Bonestell'sartworkwasappearingregularlyinmagazinesandbooksonastronomyandspaceflight.ManyofBonestell'sartworkshadbeenrightallalong.ButthebiggestsurprisewastheMoon.SomeoneaskedBonestellwhathewasthinkingwhenhesawthefirstpicturesfromtheMoon.“IthoughthowwrongIwas！〞hesaid.“Mymountainsweresharp(陡峭的),andtheyaren'tontheMoon.〞Butheshouldn'thavefeltbad.Nospaceartisthadeverbeforetakensomanypeopletosomanyfarawayworlds.Intheyearsjustbeforethefirstmannedspaceflights,Bonestell'sartworkpreparedpeoplefortheamazingspaceadventuretoe.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了太空美術(shù)ChesleyBonestell。1．Bonestellmadehisspacedrawings________.A．fromaveryearlyageB．bycopyingphotographsC．withthehelpofscientistsD．inordertomakealiving解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“Heworkedcloselywithastronomersandscientiststogetthemostup-to-datescientificinformationavailable.〞可知，Bonestell的畫作得到了科學(xué)家的關(guān)心，是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2．Theunderlinedword“dazzling〞inParagraph4canbestbereplacedby“________〞．A．doubtful B．worryingC．terrible D．wonderful解析：選D詞義猜想題。由該段中的“Withinafewyears,Bonestell'sartworkwasappearingregularlyinmagazinesandbooksonastronomyandspaceflight.〞可知，結(jié)果喜人，Bonestell的畫作在隨后幾年常常消失在關(guān)于天文學(xué)和太空探險(xiǎn)的書刊雜志上，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。3．Bonestell'ssuccesslayinthefactthat________.A．hecreatedanewdrawingskillB．hehelpedfinishthefirstspaceflightC．hemadespacetravelmorepopularD．hehelpedbringspaceclosertopeople解析：選D推理推斷題。由最終一段內(nèi)容可知，在載人宇宙飛船探究太空之前，Bonestell的畫讓人們提前對(duì)太空有了了解并對(duì)之后的太空探究有所預(yù)備，所以他功不行沒，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThefirstmenontheMoonB．ThespaceartofChesleyBonestellC．ThejourneysoftheApolloastronautsD．Spacewalking:throughanastronaut'seyes解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了太空美術(shù)ChesleyBonestell，故用B項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最恰當(dāng)。BLifecansometimesseemlikeanendlessseriesofexhibitions.Forthoseofusinvolvedintheartworld,therearetimeswhenwe'reconstantlyvisitinggallery(畫廊)aftergallery,takinginasmuchaspossibleandgettingtoknowtheworksofartistsfromfarandwide.Buttherearesomeartistswhoseworksconsistentlystandout.Someartists'worksstayinthethoughtandheartofanaudiencelongaftertheshowisover.I'venoticedovertheyearsthattheseareoftentheartistswhohaveunderstoodfullytheskilloftellingthestorybehindtheirart.Theseartistsaren'tjustsellingpaintings—they'resellinganexperience.RoxannaKibseyisoneoftheseartists.Herpaintingsareoftenexactdescriptionoffrozentundra(凍原)orautumntrees—sobrightthattheycouldnearlyburnaholeinthecanvas.WhenImetheratanexhibitionshecouldn'twaittotellmeabouttheplaceinherpaintings.“WhereIgrewupwehadninemonthsofwintereveryyear.It'sreallyquiteatoughplace，〞shesaid.Sherelivedapartofherchildhoodwhenwechattedinfrontofherpainting.Theimagebroughttomymindmemoriesofdrivingthroughthesnow-coveredcountrysideduringmyownfirstwinterinCanada.Icouldalmosthearthecrunchingiceundermyfeetasshedescribedtomethecountrysideshegrewupin.Businessmenmayhavetheirelevator_pitch,_butartists,too,needtheir30-secondstorywhichrollsfreelyoffthetongue.That'swhyit'ssoimportantthatforeachpieceyoumightbeexhibiting,youcanconjureup(喚起)astorybehindit,andtellthatstorytoyouraudienceinawaythathelpsthemconnectwithyourwork,andmakesthemwanttobuyapiece.語篇解讀：作者通過自己跟一位畫家的接觸以及對(duì)她作品的描述來告知我們什么樣的畫家才會(huì)打動(dòng)我們，感染我們。5．Whatkindofartistsdoestheauthorlike?A．Thosewhohavegreatskills.B．Thosewhohaveheldmanyexhibitions.C．Thosewhopaintscenesoftheirownhometowns.D．Thosewhotelltheirexperiencethroughtheirpaintings.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“Theseartistsaren'tjustsellingpaintings—they'resellinganexperience.〞可知，作者認(rèn)為能夠打動(dòng)觀眾、給觀眾以深刻印象的是那些能夠通過自己的畫作描述自己的經(jīng)受的畫家。6．WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.A．Kibsey'sworkreflectsherownlifeB．KibseyhadanunhappychildhoodC．Kibseydoesn'tlikeherhometownD．Kibsey'shometownisbeautifulinwinter解析：選A推理推斷題。由其次段可知，RoxannaKibsey的畫作描述了畫家家鄉(xiāng)冬天一片肅殺的景象，反映了她的童年生活。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“elevatorpitch〞probablyreferto?A．Asalesintroduction. B．Awisechoice.C．Asmallmistake. D．Amoderntool.解析：選A詞義猜想題。分析最終一段，商人的“elevatorpitch〞就等同于畫家的“30-secondstory〞，是一種“產(chǎn)品推介〞，用來吸引買家。Cmunity(社區(qū))serviceisimportantformanyreasons.Takingpartandvolunteeringteachessympathyandunderstanding.Oneofmyfavoritethingsaboutitisthatthereareopportunitiesandchoicesrightinyourveryneighborhood.WhenIwasyoungerIvolunteeredforanearbyanimalshelter.AtfirstIdidn'tknowmanypeoplethereandwasn'tveryenthusiastic.Later,asIgottoknowtheanimalsandstaffmembersIlearnedtoenjoymytimethere.ItwasaveryrewardingexperienceandIgottodomanythingsIwouldn'thavehadanopportunitytodootherwise.SometimeswhenIwasthereIwouldseeotherkidstakingpart.Mostofthemwerevolunteeringbecausetheyneededservicehoursforschool.Thesekidssometimesjustsataroundwaitingfortheirtimetopass.Buttherewerealsoothers,whohadapparentlyenjoyedtheirexperiences,andwantedtodomoreafterwards.Notonlyismunityservicefunandrewarding,italsolooksgreatonaresume(簡歷)orcollegeapplication.Sometimesmunityserviceisevenrequiredforhighschoolgraduation.Lastyearinmylifeskillsclasswewereaskedtowriteapaperaboutwhetherwethoughtrequiringstudentsatauniversitytoplete75hoursofmunityservicewasagoodidea.Iwrote,“Idon'tthinkthatistoomuchaslongasthestudentsaregivenenoughtimeandavarietyofchoices.〞AsImovethroughlifeIwillalwaysbeinvolvedinmunityservice,notjustbecauseitisimportantbutalsobecauseitissomethingIenjoyandlookforwardto.Somaybeitistherighttimeyoushouldgoout,volunteeryourtimeandmakeadifference,evenifyourrewardisonlyanodorsmile.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要表達(dá)了作者參與過很多社區(qū)志愿效勞，從中獲益良多，并鼓舞人們也參與進(jìn)來。8．Thewriterbegantoenjoyvolunteeringattheanimalshelterwhenhe________.A．realizedtheimportanceofmunityserviceB．witnessedsomestudentswastingtheirtimeC．gotinspiredbytheenthusiasticvolunteersD．a(chǎn)djustedhimselftothenewenvironment解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第三句“Later,asIgottoknowtheanimalsandstaffmembersIlearnedtoenjoymytimethere.〞可推知，當(dāng)作者適應(yīng)了動(dòng)物收容所的環(huán)境后，他開頭愛上了在那里的志愿者工作。應(yīng)選D。9．Whatmightbethewriter'sattitudetothe75-hourmunityservicerequiredforauniversitystudent?A．Cautious. B．Approving.C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful.解析：選B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“Iwrote,‘Idon'tthinkthatistoomuchaslongasthestudentsaregivenenoughtimeandavarietyofchoices.’〞可推知，作者對(duì)高校生要完成75小時(shí)的社區(qū)效勞工作持贊成態(tài)度。應(yīng)選B。10．Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceagrowingtrendofvolunteering.B．Toreflectononeofhisvolunteerexperiences.C．Toadvocateparticipatinginmunityservice.D．Tomakeknownthebenefitsofmunityservice.解析：選C寫作意圖題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句“Somaybeitistherighttimeyoushouldgoout,volunteeryourtimeandmakeadifference,evenifyourrewardisonlyanodorsmile.〞和全文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為做社區(qū)志愿效勞工作是特別有益的，所以作