全高中英語語法-“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解

高中英語語法-“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實(shí)詞表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象……二、It用作形式主語替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。It作形式主語的常見句型：1.代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此處adj.通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's(well)worthdoing…It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主語的從句常見句型(1)Itis+noun+從句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know）例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主語的句型1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多長時間做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.It's(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是該做某事的時候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)…h(huán)avev-ed…第幾次做某事了例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延續(xù)性動詞)某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了例It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)…before…過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式賓語用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。It作形式賓語的常見句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that…oweittosb.that…把…歸功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留給某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想當(dāng)然keepitinmindthat…例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto賓語從句緊跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.7.It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后（exceptthat例外）例I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.請注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity？2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3.在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定語從句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達(dá)例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口語中相當(dāng)于fixthedatefor,表示“約定好時間”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相當(dāng)于infact,inreality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是……”例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣”例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相當(dāng)于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是說，可以說，換句話說”例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor…/ifithadn'tbeenfor…用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，相當(dāng)于without,orbutfor,表示“如果不是……，要不是……”例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.5.that'sit(1).相當(dāng)于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此為止，沒有別的了”例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相當(dāng)于That'sright.表示“對啦”例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.6.catchit在口語中，相當(dāng)于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做錯事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評，受懲罰”例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.7.haveit(1).相當(dāng)于say,insist表示“說，主張，表明，硬說”例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相當(dāng)于gettoknowsomething,表示“了解，知道，獲悉”例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口語中，相當(dāng)于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“具有成功的條件”例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相當(dāng)于goon,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄”例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼命干,莽撞12.Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)13.Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)14.Asithappened,…在口語中，相當(dāng)于it'sapitythat…,表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,…在口語中，相當(dāng)于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被證明是”例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口語中，相當(dāng)于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表示“雖然沒有多大價值”例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相當(dāng)于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣”例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在口語中，相當(dāng)于believemewhatIsay.表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)?！崩齓oucantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth…在口語中，相當(dāng)于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表示“不管其價值如何”例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.20.Worthit在口語中，相當(dāng)于useful,表示“有好處，值得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.21.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你”例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放棄例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口語中，相當(dāng)于ithasn'tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”例—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.24.It'suptosb.在口語中，相當(dāng)于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……決定，由……負(fù)責(zé)，取決于……”例—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.—Doyoulike___here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全國卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___froms