2021屆北京市昌平區(qū)第四中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)模擬試題及參考答案

2021屆北京市昌平區(qū)第四中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)模擬試題及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)AJuanitoEstrellahasbeenahousekeepingmanagerontheUS-basedlargepassengershipCarnivalSpiritfor18monthsandfeelshehasfoundthesuitablepositioninhiscareer（職業(yè)）.Hehasalwayswantedtotravel.“IguessIamareallyrestlessspirit.Iliketraveling,sowhenthechancecame,Ijumpedatit,”hesays.Thechancecameintheformofanewspaperadvertisementforworkoncruiseships（游船）.AtthetimeEstrellawasthehousekeepingmanagerataMelbournehotel.Heappliedand,aftertwointerviews,amedicalcheckandpoliceclearance,thejobwashis.Estrellaisresponsible（負(fù)責(zé)的）forthecleanlinessoftheship,makingsurethat160crewworkproperly.“Ienjoyitbecausethereisnootherwork-youwakeupeachdayinadifferentplaceandadifferentculture.It’sexcitingwhenyougotothenextcountryandyoudon’tunderstandthelanguage,”hesays.Estrellalikesbeingbusyandgettingtoknowpeoplefromallovertheworld.The1,000crewcomefrom94countries,andEstrellahaslearntSpanishandalittleCroatian.Butthereisadownside.“Youcannotgetreallydrunk...becauseyouhavesafetyresponsibilitiestoyourselfandothers,”hesays.“Youdon’treallythinkabouthome.Youstarttothinkabouthomeonlywhenyougetclosertoyourvacationandwonderwhatyou’llbedoing.”Lifeontheshipisanythingbutcruising.Estrellaandhisfellowsworkatleast10hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Hewarnsthejobisnotforeverybody.“Youhavetolovebeingbusyandbepreparedtoworkeveryday-andtogiveupdrinkingtoomuchalcohol.”Inhissparetime,iftheshipsailsintoaport,Estrellaexploresit,otherwiseheworksoutinthecrew’sgym,goesontheinternetorcallshome..Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Hehasbeenahousekeepingmanagerfor18months.B.Hedoesn’tdrinkwinenow.C.Hecannotspeakaforeignlanguage.D.Heusedtobeahousekeepingmanager..Theunderlinedword“downside”inparagraph5probablymeans .A.disappointmentB.disadvantageC.failure D.lossnthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthatlifeontheshipis .A.notatiringjourneyatall B.justaninterestingvoyageC.farfromavoyageforpleasure D.morethanapleasanttravelbyseaBTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Anewstudyofdifferentplants.Abigfallincrimerates.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.Benefitsfromgreenplants.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?Todetectplants’lackofwaterTochangecompositionsofplantsTomakethelifeofplantslonger.Totestchemicalsinplants.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?Howdowelivewithglowingplants?Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?CWaterkeepsusalive.Whenitrunsout,wehaveaproblem.Aboutoneoutoffourpeopleontheplanetarefacingashortageofwater.Seventeencountriesaroundtheworldaredealingwithhigh-waterstress.Thismeanstheyareusingalmostallthewatertheyhaveaccessto.Manyaredrycountries.Somewastemuchoftheirwater.Somemaycurrentlyusetoomuchoftheirgroundwaterthattheyshouldbesaving.Severalbigcitiesfaceacuteshortages.TheseincludeSaoPaulo,Brazil;Chennai,India;andCapeTown,SouthAfrica.Ayearago,CapeTownfacednayZero-thedaywhenallitsdamswouldhedry.Climatechangeaddstotheriskofwatershortages.Rainfallislesssteady.Thewatersupplybecomeslessreliable.Thedaysgrowhotter.Morewaterevaporates（蒸發(fā)fromlakesandriversevenasdemandforwaterincreases.By2030,thenumberofcitiesinthehigh-stresscategorymayhaverisento45andincludealmost470millionpeople.Allovertheworld,farmerscompetewithcityresidentsforwater.Richurbanplaces,suchasLosAngeles,usetoomuchwaterforpoolsandgolfcourses.Buttheworstproblemisthegrowthofcities.Bangalore,India,forexample,hadafewyearswithlittlerain.Itbuiltoveritsmanylakesorfilledthemwithcitywaste.Thelakesarenolongertherainwaterstoragetankstheyoncewere.Bangalorenowimportswater.Alotoftheimportedwater,however,getslostonthewaytoBangalore.Toaddressthisissue,whatcanbedone?First,citiescanplugleaksintheirwaterdistributionsystem.Wastewatercanberecycled.Raincanbeharvestedandsavedforhardtimes.Lakesandwetlandscanbecleanedupandoldwellscanberestored.Andfarmerscanswitchfromwater-intensivecropslikericetoless-thirstycropslikemillet（小米）.Expertsarelookingatwaystoreducethenumberofpeopleontheplanet.Theyarelookingatwaystoreducethesizeofcities.Theyarelookingforwaystoencouragepeople,factoriesandfarmerstouselesswater.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?Aquarteroftheworld'spopulationislivingwithwatershortages.Nearlyallcountriesarefacingacutewatershortagesnow.Undergroundwatershouldheusedtomeetthewaterdemand.MeasureshavebeentakentodealwiththewatershortageinIndia.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Rainfallisnotassteadyasbefore. B.Climatechangemayleadtowatershortages.C.Thewatersupplyreliesmoreonrainfall. D.Hotterweatherchangesthewaterdemand.Whatcanfarmersdotodealwithwatershortage?A.Plugleaksinthewaterdistributionsystem. B.Cleanuplakesandwetlandsandrestorewells.C.Reducethenumberofpeopleinthecities. D.Growless-waterconsumptioncropsinstead.Whatwillbediscussedifthepassagecontinues?A.Howtopreventfromclimatechange. B.Howtoinspirepeopletosavewater.C.Howtorecyclewastewaterincities D.Howtomakepeoplegetaccesstocleanwater.DWeaskedfourpeoplewhowatchedanonlinetalkontechnologyandcommunicationbySherryTurklefortheiropinions.Fred:Thetalkcertainlygavemeplentyoffoodforthoughtabouthowtechnologyischangingourbehaviour.Peopleareconstantlymultitasking,whetheritbeemailingduringmeetingsortextinginthecheckoutqueue.It’sasifwecan’tbeartomissoutonwhatouronlinefriendsareupto,sowejuggletherealandonlineworld.Mygreatestconcernisthatwedon'tgiveourbrainsachancetoswitchoff.It’sthesecreciousmomentswhenweactuallyprocessinformationthathelpsusmakeimportantdecisions.Jeremy:Itwasafascinatingtalkandthespeakerreallyhitthenailontheheadwithacoupleofthings.Takeparentalinfluence,forinstance.Howcanweexpectteenagersnottotextwhiledoingtheirhomeworkwhentheywitnesstheirparentspostingonsocialmediawhilecookingtheeveningmealorwaitingataredlight?Kath:Somuchofwhatthespeakersaidrangtrue.Ihonestlybelievethere’sadangerthatthemoreconnectedweare,themoreisolatedwefeel.Idon’tthinkthisissuchanissueformygenerationwho’velivedwithouttechnologyforsolong.Weknowhowtobealone.Buttheunder20sareanotherkettleoffish.They’resobusycommunicatingthattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandruntheriskofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheirowncompany.Carl:I’mnotsuretowhatextentIagreethatpeoplearemorealone,butthewaywecommunicatehascertainlyevolved.Thespeakermakesagoodpointabouthowwe’regettingusedtotalkingwithmachineslikeSiriorrobots,whicharetotallylackofexperienceofhumanlife.Butdespitesuchlimitations,weseemtobeexpectingmorefromtechnologyandlessfromeachother.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thesepreciousmoments”inparagraph2referto?A.Whenourbrainsarefree. B.Whenweemailingduringmeeting.C.Whenwetextinginthecheckoutqueue. D.Whenwejuggletherealandonlineworld.WhatsuggestionmayJeremygivetotheparents?Accompanytheirchildrenwhentheyaredoinghomework.Preventtheirchildrenusingphonewhiledoinghomework.Setagoodexamplefortheirchildrenonusingphoneproperly.Stoppostingonsocialmediainfaceoftheirchildren.WhatdoesKathworryabouttheunder20sgeneration?A.Theycommunicatemorewithothers. B.Theyusemoretechnology.C.It’sdifficultforthemtofindcompanies. D.Theydon’tknowhowtobealone.WhatisCarl’sattitudetowardstheuseoftechnologyincommunication?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)七選五It’snormaltogetnervousaboutanimportanteventorlifechange,andtherearestepsyoucantakewhenanxietystartstotakehold.Trytheseexpert-backedsuggestionstohelpyouregaincontrolofyourthoughts. 16 Anxietyisafuture-focusedstateofmind.Soinsteadofworryingaboutwhat’sgoingtohappen,moveyourselfbacktothepresent;thatis,focusonwhat’shappeningrightnow.Besides,askyourself:IstheresomethingIneedtorightnow?MustIsolvethisproblemnow? 17 Inthisway,thosedistantpossibilitiesdon'tthrowyouofftrack.Peoplewithanxietyoftenpayattentiontotheworstthingsthatcouldhappen.Togetridoftheseworries,thinkabouthowrealistictheyare. 18 Ratherthanthink,“I’mgoingtobomb,”say,“I’mnervous,butI’mpreparedforthistask.Somethingswillgowell.”Asyouknow,itmaybeappealingtoreachforsweetthingswhenyou’restressed. 19 Thereasonisthatresearchshowseatingtoomuchsugarcanworsenanxiousfeelings.Insteadofreachingintothecandybowl,drinkaglassofwateroreatprotein,whichwillprovideaslowenergyyourbodycanusetorecover.Followingthe3-3-3rulemayfightanxiety.Wheneveryoufeelyourbraingoing100milesperhourandoutofcontrol,lookaroundyouandnamethreethingsyousee.Then,namethreesoundsyouhear.Finally,movethreepartsofyourbody—yourankle,fingers,orarm. 20 Butthatcoulddomoreharmthangood.Thenmapoutyourfutureinarealisticway.It’ssuggestedthatyoustayinyourtimezone.Youmayregardthemasamethodofrelivinganxiety.Let’ssayyou'renervousaboutabigpresentationatwork.Thistrickcanhelpcenteryourmindonthepresentmoment.Ifnot,makean“appointment”tocheckinwithyourselflater.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)ThenaturalwildernessoftheAntarcticisunderthreatbecauseoftheincreasingnumberoftourists.TheycometoAntarcticto___21___penguins,sealsandseabirds.Scientistsworrythatthis___22___toseetheAntarcticareawillonly___23___thesituation.Theybelievethatthe___24___intourismcouldincreasetherisktothemarineenvironmentandlandecosystems.Amajor___25___isthatcruiseships（游輪）areincreasinglyvisitingtheareaandiftherewasanaccident,theycouldcausemajor___26___.Forinstance,aNorwegiancruiseshiptouchedgroundonAntarctic’sDeceptionIsland,spillingfuel.___27___,theNorwegianshipwasice-strengthenedanditonlyspilledasmallamountoffuel.Iftheshipweren’t___28___enoughandusedheavyfueloil,itwouldbeverydifficultto___29___andthousandsofmarinelifecouldbecome___30___inoil.AsaresultoftheNorwegian___31___,therehavebeenseveral___32___fordealingwiththeproblem.Oneideaisthatthereshouldbea___33___onshipswhichhavenotbeenspeciallystrengthenedtodealwithsea___34___.Anotheristhatthereshouldbeabuddysystemforlargeshipssothatifonegetsinto___35___,therewouldalwaysbeanothernearby,whichitcould___36___help.Whateverthe___37___,itwouldbedifficulttotakeanyactionbecausetherearenointernationallaws___38___tourismpracticesintheAntarctic.___39___,shipownersdonotseemtobeableto___40___whatsortofchecksandcontrolsareneededintheregion.21.A.huntB.preserveC.trainD.observe22.A.curiosityB.courageC.competenceD.encouragement23.A.displayB.changeC.addressD.worsen24.A.reformB.growthC.faithD.investment25.A.conclusionB.promiseC.concernD.decision26.A.pollutionB.stressC.conflictD.inconvenience27.A.ObviouslyB.GenerallyC.SurprisinglyD.Fortunately28.A.largeB.heavyC.strongD.luxury29.A.cleanupB.giveupC.holdupD.buildup30.A.boiledB.storedC.coatedD.burned31.A.explorationB.accidentC.behaviorD.attitude32.A.explanationsB.suggestionsC.arrangements D.announcements33.A.banB.claimC.commentD.debate34.A.creaturesB.rocksC.waterD.ice35.A.debtB.shapeC.positionD.trouble36.A.lackforB.callforC.respondtoD.adjustto37.A.benefitsB.purposesC.solutionsD.challenges38.A.allowingB.governingC.requiringD.admittingA.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.OtherwiseA.agreeon B.focuson C.tryon D.catchon第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式TheGoddessoftheLuoRivercomesaliveinavideo,whichwassharedbyHenanTVStationonsocialmediaplatformSinaWeibo.Theancienttaleofromanceisgiven 41. newsettingandstillprovidesattractiveviewingforamodernaudience.Thetaleispresentedin 42. seemslikeslowmotion.Not 43. (surprise),itbecamepopularandhasbeenviewedmorethan20milliontimes.ThestoryoftheGoddessoftheLuoRiverhasbeenthe 44. (inspire)forcountlesscontemporaryartists,whohavedescribedthegoddessofunmatchedbeautythrough 45. (variety)artforms,likemoviesanddancedramas.Butthereasonwhythevideo, 46. runsforaroundtwominutesandistitledRhapsodyontheLuoRiverGoddess,createdsuchanimpressionandhasgeneratedsuchawaveofpublicity,isthatit 47. (shoot)underwater.HeHaohaoplaystheroleofgoddess.Shemastersnotonlyherartbutthetechniqueofholdingherbreathasherlungsstruggletocarryout 48. (they)function.Allthisisdone 49. themostpeaceful