中考英語-非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式）例題詳解-全

中考英語-非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式）例題詳解-全不定式1．動(dòng)詞不定式的用法1)作主語：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)往往放在謂語動(dòng)詞的后面，并用it作形式主語。例：Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.=Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.(1)可以用forsbtodosth．來說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，即不定式的邏輯主語；某些形容詞，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,right,polite,clever,wise,foolish,etc.作表語時(shí)邏輯主語常用of引起的短語。例：1tisveryimportantforstudentstostudyhard.Itisunwiseofhimtostartsmoking.=Heisunwisetostartsmoking.(2)常用不定式作主語的句型有：It'sdifficult(important,necessary,easy,unnecessary,etc.)forsbtodosth.It'skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave,etc.)ofsbtodosth.2)作表語：不定式做表語常表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：Hiswishistobecomeaskillfulworker.注意：主語部分已有動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞do（不論形式），作表語的不定式前省略to。例：TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonwiththeexperimentallbymyself.3)作賓語：常見的直接帶to不定式的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike,agree,decide,hope,learn,wish,etc.例：Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.(1)常見的能跟疑問詞帶to連用的不定式的動(dòng)詞有decide,findout,show,etc.例：Ishowedthemhowtodoit.(2)不定式自帶補(bǔ)語時(shí)it先行例：Wethoughtitwrongnottotellherthetruth.(3)不定式不做介詞后面的賓語，但介詞except,but,besides除外，注意在這些介詞前若有表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞do（不論形式），作賓語的不定式前省略to。倒：Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Ihavenochoicebuttogothere.洼意：有些動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,agree,pretend,refuse,manage,beg,intend;hesitate,offer,fail,expect,decide,prepare,promise等后面只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：句子中的賓語是不定式的邏輯主語。例：Hetoldmetobehereontime.在動(dòng)詞make,let,have,see,hear,lookat,listento,observe,feel,notice,watch,etc.后，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要省略“to”，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中作主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)必須還原“to"。例：Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.IheardBillsinganAmericanfolksongtheotherday.Isawhercomein．=Shewasseentocomein.注意：有些動(dòng)詞，如hope,suggest,demand,suppose,plan,agree等不能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。5)作定語：不定式作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去的某一特定動(dòng)作。例：Shehasgotalotofquestionstoask.（1）作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞可以是邏輯意義上的主謂關(guān)系。例：Heisthefirstpersontorunamarathoninlessthantwohours.（2）作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞也可以是邏輯意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例：Hehasnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.（3）如果不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例：Heisanicepersontoworkwith.6)作狀語：不定式可用作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。例：Istartedearlysoastogettherebeforesupper.Iopenedthedoortofindtheroomempty.I’msorrytohearyouarenotwell.注意：soasto，inorderto都是表示目的的不定式短語，soasto不能放在句首，他們的否定式為soasnotto/inordernotto。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于“too+adj./adv.+todo”或“adj./adv.+enough+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Heisstrongenoughtoliftthecase.2．動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式Not+to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成；有時(shí)也可以用nevertodo表示否定意義，語氣更強(qiáng)。例：Weagreednottolendhimanymoney.Hepromisednevertotellheranythingaboutthis.3．動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問代詞who，what，which和疑問副詞when，where，how，why等后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語成分。例：Howtousethemachineisaquestion.（不定式作主語）Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作賓語）Thequestioniswhentoholdthetrainingclass.（不定式作表語）Shetoldmewheretofindherlittlebrother.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語）4．動(dòng)詞不定式有五種不同的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)形式1)一般式todo，表示的動(dòng)作可能與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可能在其之后發(fā)生。例：IliketoreadEnglisheverymorning.2)進(jìn)行式tobedoing，表示不定式的動(dòng)作已在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例：Heseemstobereadingsomethinginterestingnow.3)完成式tohavedone，表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。例：Heseemedtohavecleanedhisbedroomyesterday.4)被動(dòng)式tobedone，表示該事情將要被做。例：Thenewschoolinthecountryistobebuiltsoon.5)被動(dòng)完成式tohavebeendone，表示該事情已被做。例：Thesickboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalalready.5．動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況1)在too…to和enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義。例：The.skirtistoosmallformetowear.Theroomisbigenoughtolivein.2)在therebe句型中，可以用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：Thereisalotofworktodo.=Thereisalotofworktobedone.3)easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,pleasant,comfortable,excitingdangerous,bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描述事物特征的形容詞，后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語常常是物。例：Thepictureispleasanttolookat.4)動(dòng)詞不定式作定話時(shí)，若其邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語時(shí)，則可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：Ihavealotofworktodo．（I是todo的邏輯主語）Givemesomethingtoeat．(me是toeat的邏輯主語)6．直擊考點(diǎn)（1）只能接to+do的動(dòng)詞有：decide,agree,hope,want,refuse,plan,need,wish+todo①有些動(dòng)詞加todo作賓語補(bǔ)足語，常見的有：ask,tell,want,teach+sb.+todo+sth.（2）加to+do的重點(diǎn)句型有：①Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間/金錢②Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.做某事怎樣③Wouldyouliketo…?（2）后接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)二聽(hear,listento)三讓(have,make,let)四看(watch,see,lookat,notice)半個(gè)幫助(help可以帶to，也可以省略)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to要還原。例如：Thislittleboyismadetocleanhisbedroomeveryweek.省略to的情況有：①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后②whynot/whydon’tyou…③wouldrather…than…doing(否定式——notdoing)（3）加doing做非謂語的動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠校篹njoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit,deny,keep,imagine，practice+doingsth.加doing的情況有：①介詞后+doing例如：giveupdoingsth.，beinterestedindoingsth.等②feellike+doing(喜歡做某事)/preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(更喜歡……)③to作介詞時(shí)的幾個(gè)常用短語：lookforwardto/beusedto/payattentionto+doing既可加todo也可以加doing，并意思相近的動(dòng)詞有：begin，start,like,love,hate既可加todo也可以加doing，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞有：forgettodo忘記去做某事(事情還沒有做)forgetdoing忘記做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做了，但是忘了)remembertodo記得去做某事(事情還沒有做)rememberdoing記得做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做了)regrettodo(對(duì)將要做的事)遺憾regretdoing(對(duì)已經(jīng)做過的事)遺憾stoptodo停下來去做某事(去做另外一件事情)stopdoing停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)例1．Manyleft-behindchildrenhavenochoicebut

withtheirgrandparents.A.StayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed【答案】B例2．TheRedCrossisalwaysthefirst____helptovictimswhenadisasterhappens.A.provideB.providingC.toprovideD.toproviding【答案】C例3．Dianaused

ontherightoftheroadinChina,butshesoonwasused

ontheleftinNewZealand.A.todrive...drivingB.todrive...todriveC.todriving...todriveD.todrive...todiving【答案】D例4．Students?are?not?allowed?______?in?the?library.A.toshoutB.shoutC.shoutingD.shouted【答案】A例5．ThefreeWI-FIserviceinthatrestaurantenablesthecustomers

themealandfunofgoingonlineatthesametime.A.enjoyB.toenjoyC.enjoyingD.enjoyed【答案】B例6．Shewassurelynotthefirstorthelast

theairportthatday.A.reachedB.reachingC.hadreachedD.toreach【答案】D例7．A?teacher’s?ambition?is?????????students?as?much?knowledge?as?possible.A.giveB.togiveC.togivingD.gave【答案】B例8．Herearesomeofthesuggestionsyouneed__________yourhair.A.takingcareofB.tobetakenofC.totakecareofD.takecareof【解答】考查不定式做目的狀語：句意：這是你要保養(yǎng)頭發(fā)需要的建議。這里用不定式做目的狀語，youneed是定語從句修飾suggestions，選C?！敬鸢浮緾例9．She?was?surely?not?the?first?or?the?last????????the?airport?that?day.A.reachedB.reachC.hadreachedD.toreach【答案】D例10．Herearesomeofthesuggestionsyouneed______yourselfwhenyougothere.A.takingcareofB.tobetakenofC.totakecareofD.takecareof【答案】C【鞏固練習(xí)】1．Thevolunteersattheairportoffer

heavyluggageforthepassengers.A.carryB.tocarryC.carryingD.carried【答案】B2．Hehasnochoicebut

thedoctor’ssuggestionbecauseofhispoorhealth.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptedD.accepting【答案】A3．Thehouserequired

innotime.A.topaintB.tobepaintC.beingpaintedD.painting【答案】A4．The?mobile?phone?enables?people?????????with?each?other?more?conveniently.A.communicatingB.tocommunicateC.communicatedD.communicate【解答】考查enable的賓語形式，用不定式本題【答案】B5．Doctorswarmedpeople

stayoutdoorsforalongtimeinfoggyweather.A.notB.don'tC.tonotD.notto【答案】D6．BobDylanbecamethefirstsingerever

theNobelLiteraturePrizein2016.A.winningB.wonC.towinD.wins【答案】C7．Thedoctortoldmygrandpa

toomuchfat.A.noteatB.nottoeatC.noteatingD.don’teat【答案】B8．Ihavenoideawhen

herthebadnews.A.willtellB.tellingC.totellD.tell【答案】C9．Thenewpolicyenablespeople

trainticketseitherfromthestationoro