2021屆杭州市育才中學(xué)高三英語期中試卷及答案解析

2021屆杭州市育才中學(xué)高三英語期中試卷及答案解析第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AUNUSUALATTRACTIONSONTHEWATERBangkokFloatingMarketsTherearemanyfloatingmarketswheregoodsaresoldfromboats.Whilemodemmarketsaremorepopular,floatingmarketsstillarehugeattractionsforlocaltourism.InBangkokFloatingMarkets,Thailand,oneofthemostpopularones,anyvisitorscanbuylocalfoodsandtraditionalhand-madesouvenirs.BregenzerFestspiele（Operafestival）TheBregenzFestivalisheldeveryyearfromJulytoAugustinVorarlberg,Austria.Ithastheworld'slargeststageonthewater.Theperformancesaredifferenteveryyearbuttheyareusuallyunitedbyonetheme.Thedecorations（裝飾）areveryimpressiveandareworthseeing.Viva,ArtificialIslandArtificialislandsarenotsomethingnew.Whatmakesthisislandspecialisthat.itisfloating.Vivaisthelargestoutofthreeman-madeislandsalongwithVistaandTera,allsituatedinSeoul,SouthKorea.Theislandweighs2,000-tonsandistechnicallyabuoy（浮標(biāo)）.Theislandunfortunatelyisnotcarbon-neutral（碳中和）butithassolarpanelswhichcangenerateelectricitytopowerthehall,restaurantsandshoppingmalls.MarinaBayFloatingPlatformStadiumThisstadiumwasbuiltasatemporarysolutionwhileSingaporeNationalStadiumwasrebuilt.Nowitisusedfordifferentsportingevents,concerts,andfestivals.Inparticular,itwasonceusedfortheopeningandclosingceremoniesduringthe2010SummerYouthOlympics.WhatcanvisitorsdoatBangkokFloatingMarkets?A.Performing. B.Boating.C.Shopping. D.Swimming.WhatdoyouknowaboutViva?ItisthebiggestislandinSouthKorea.Ithastheequipmenttoharnesssolarenergy.Itisthelargestfloatingstageonthewater.Itisaman-madeislandonlyforlow-carbonlife.Whichattractionshouldyouchoosetowatchabasketballmatch?BangkokFloatingMarkets.BregenzerFestspiele.Viva,ArtificialIsland.D.MarinaBayFloatingPlatformStadium.BInastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioStateUniversityshowhowartificialintelligence（AI）canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentifydrugsforrepurposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.Repurposingdrugsislegalandnotunusual.Whendoctorsprescribe（開處方）drugsthathavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）forpurposesdifferentfromwhatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,isalsousedtotreatPCOS（adiseaseofwomen）,andotherdiseases.Trazodone,ananti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorstohelptreatpatientswithsleepissues.TheOhioStateUniversityresearchteamcreatedanAIdeeplearningmodelforpredictingtreatmentprobabilitywithpatientdataincludingthetreatment,outcomes,andpotentialconfounders（干擾因素）.Confoundersarerelatedtotheexposureandoutcome.Forexample,aconnectionisidentifiedbetweenmusicfestivalsandincreasesinskinrashes（紅疹）.Musicfestivalsdonotdirectlycauseskinrashes.Inthiscase,onepossibleconfoundingfactorbetweenthetwomaybeoutdoorheat,asmusicfestivalstendtorunoutdoorswhenthetemperatureishigh,andheatisaknowncauseforrashes.Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,confounderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofindpatternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofconfounders.Theresearcherteamusedconfoundersincludingpopulationdataandco-prescribeddrugs.Withthisproof-of-concept,nowclinicianshaveapowerfulAItooltorapidlydiscovernewtreatmentsbyrepurposingexistingmedications.Whatdoweknowaboutadrugusedoff-label?A.Itissoldwithoutalabel.Itisavailableatalowprice.Itsusesextendbeyondtheoriginalones.Itsclinicaltrialsarerejectedbydoctors.MetforminandTrazodonearesimilarasbothofthem .areusedoff-labeltreatrarediseasesresultinsleepissuesaremedicalbreakthroughsWhatcanbeinferredabout“confounders”?Theyarepossibletreatments.Theyareenvironmentalfactors.Theycanbeeasilyrecognizedinreal-worlddata.Theyshouldbetakenintoseriousconsideration.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?AIexaminesbenefitsofexistingdrugs.AIidentifiesoff-labelusesfordrugs.AIfindsnewdrugsforcommondiseases.AIprovesthepowerofdrugresearch.CToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon’tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年輕人）maywatchlotsofTV.TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThesewithcollegedegreeshadwatchanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2.5hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight .havehadcomputersintheirbedroomsnotbeinterestedinmathbeunabletogotocollegehavewatchedalotofTVWhatistheresearchers'understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedoneWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?ComputersorTelevisionEffectsofTelevisiononChildrenStudiesonTVandCollegeEducationTelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabitsDHumanshavefoundaneasywaytotellifothersarelying.Recentresearchshowsthatthebestwaysofarisbeingcleverathowyouaskquestionsandlistentotheanswers.Muchofthisresearchisbasedontheideathattellingalieissimplyhardermentalworkthantellingthetruth.Makingupastorytakesmoreeffortthansimplyrecordingsomethingthathappened.Andlikeawriter,aliarhastokeepalltheunrealdetailsinhismemoryandsoundbelievablewhenheexplainsthem.Onemethodthatseemstoworkisaskingthemtotelltheirstoryinreverseorder.Thisisharderwhenthestoryisn'ttrueandmakesiteasierforyoutotelltheyarelying.Anevenmorebasicwaythathelpsistojustaskmorequestions,especiallyunexpectedones.Truth-tellerscaneasilyfindmoretosay,butit'sachallengeforaliartocomeupwithsomethingthat'snotinhispreparedstory.Researcherssuggestthatyoushouldn'tlayallyourcardsonthetableatthestart,butonlygraduallypresentwhatproofyouhave.Theliars'storiesmaynotagreewiththatproof,makingitclearthatthey'relying.Soitlooksliketherearewaystoincreasethechancesofcatchingaliar;we'vejustbeenbasingourmethodsonthewrongstories.Low-techwaysofcausingpeopletomakemistakesinconversationseemtoworkbetterthananyscienceabouteyemovementormachinesusedtorecognizealiar.Tofindaliar,watchlessandlistenmore.Whydoestheauthormentionthewriter?A.Toshowit'shardtomakeuplies.C.Toshowwritersknowliarsbest.13.Whatdoweknowaboutliars?A.Theyoftenhavemuchtosay.C.Theyusuallyprepareamade-upstory.B.Toshowit'shardtorecognisealiar.D.Toshowwritersareveryclever.Theyoftenaskmanyquestions.D.Theyusuallyfeelgoodaboutthemselves.Whatadviceisgiventohelppeoplecatchliars?A.Askingthemtosettheirstoriesdown. B.Presentingyourproofonebyone.C.Tellingdifferentstoriestothem. D.Lettingthemaskquestions.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyPeopleLie B.HowtoStopPeopleLyingLow-techWaystoFindaLiar D.LiarsAreSmarterthanThought第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項MostpeoplethinkChinesemartialarts（武術(shù)）areallaboutkicking,punchingandfighting.___16___Itisslow,calmandpeaceful.Taichidatesbacktothemid17thcenturyinWenxiancountyinHenanprovince.UNESCOrecentlyaddedittoitsintangibleCulturalHeritageList.Althoughtaichiisanancientmartialart,itisstillquitepopulartoday. 17 Peopledotaichiasawaytostayfit.Unlikeotherexercises,itis“soft”－themusclesarenottensed,thejointsarenotfullybent,andyoudon’tneedtostretch（伸展）yourbodytoomuch.___18___Youcanpracticeitalmostanytimeandanywherewithoutequipment.Itisbelievedthatpracticingtaichicanhelpushavebettercontrolofourbodiessothatwecanstand,walkandrunbetter.___19___Youcancontrolthembetter.Slowmovementsalsoallowyoutotakedeep,longbreaths.Thisisgoodforyourbodies.Buttaichi’sbenefitsgobeyondthephysical. 20 Taichihastaughtthemthevalueoflivingmoreslowly.JustasaPeruvianwomanwhohaspracticedtaichiformorethan10yearssays“Practicingtaichiislikespeakingwithmysoul.”Thismeansmanycandoit.Buttaichiistheotherwayaround.It’sapracticalwayforonetofurtherbalance.Youneedtokeepahealthybalanceinallthings.Ithasover100millionfansinmorethan150countries.Forsomepeople,it’snotonlyasport,butalsoawayoflife.Duringslowmovements,youcanconcentrateonyourhandsandfeet.第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項Whensomeoneasksyouwhoyourfavoriteherois,youprobablysaySpidermanormaybeCaptainAmerica.IfI’mbeing 21 honest,myfirstandfavoriteheroismydad.SincebeforeIwasborn,mydadalwaysknewhewasgoingto 22 mewithallhisheart.Allthesacrifices,23decisions,andsleeplessnightshespent,wereallfor 24 .Irememberlearningabouthowmydadcametothiscountrylookingforabetterlifeforthe 25 generations,knowingtherewererisks.Learningabouthowhe 26 highschooltoworktosupporthisfamily,notknowinghowitwould___27___himinthelongrun.Hedidallthatforme,___28___maybehedidn’tknowitthen.Mybeingbornwasthe___29___thingthateverhappenedtohim,andheevenwrotemealetter!IremembertimeswhenIwould 30 himupinthemiddleofthenight,askinghimforpiggybackrides,andhewoulddoitevenifitwasaftera 31 day.MysisterwasbornonOctober4,2008.Thatdayour 32 changed.Shewassick.Thedoctorsonlygaveheramonthtolive.I 33 couldn’tunderstandanythingbutthefactthatmyparentswere 34 Shewentthroughsomuchinayear,threeorgantransplantsand 35 hospitalizations,duringwhichmydadassumedtheroleofmymom.Mypoormotherwasbymysister’ssidethe 36 time.Idid 37 withmydad,fromsleepinginhisbedbecauseIwasscared,togoingtoworkwithhimeverysingleday.Thiswentonforyears.WhenIwasinelementaryschool,I 38 Batman,becausethatwas,andstillis,mydad’sfavoritesuperhero. 39 ,myfatherhasthemagicpowertomakemefeelhappyandjoyful,evenifI’mmad.Hemakesmefeelsafe,warm,andloved.Heismy 40 .AlthoughsometimesImaygetangryormoody,Iwillalwayslovehim.21.A.hardlyB.sometimesC.completelyD.often22.A.loveB.leaveC.feedD.educate23.A.easyB.toughC.finalD.right24.A.thecountryB.thefamilyC.meD.himself25.A.hopefulB.pastC.gracefulD.future26.A.droppedoutofB.wenttoC.ranawayfrom D.setup27.A.benefitB.affectC.destroyD.impress28.A.ifB.becauseC.thoughD.once29.A.lastB.worstC.firstD.best30.A.pickB.recoverC.takeD.wake31.A.beautifulB.longC.magicD.meaningful32.A.lifeB.attitudeC.relationshipD.dream33.A.alwaysB.stillC.alsoD.already34.A.mistakenB.madC.sadD.sorry35.A.multipleB.reasonableC.skillfulD.rare36.A.entireB.spareC.relaxingD.working37.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything38.A.hatedB.laughedatC.likedD.wroteabout39.A.HopefullyB.SimilarlyC.Unfortunately D.Irregularly40.A.friendB.modelC.exampleD.superhero第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式ThelaunchofanEnglishtranslationofConfidenceComesfromEffectiveness:AForeigner'sWuhanDiary 41. (hold)lastFriday.Thebook,first 42. (publish)inArabicandtheninChinese,tellshowtheauthorAdhamSayed,aLebaneseexchangestudentinChina, 43. (throw)himselfintoworkingwithChinesepeopleduringthecity'slockdownlastyear.InSayed'sview,China'sputtingthe 44. （safe）andhealthofitspeoplefirstisthereasonforwinningthebattle.Hisforeignperspective, 45. （globe）visionandWesternwayofthinkingmakeaconsistentnarration.HeweavesintheconceptofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindandrevealsChina 46. aresponsiblecountry.ItalsoshowstheworldhowpeopleinHubeihavemadegreatsacrificesforChina 47. （overcome）thepandemic.Thisbook, 48. originalintentionwastohelppeoplerememberthehistoryofthepandemicandtocarryforwardthespirit,isdescribedasarecordof 49.