翻譯版ISO48922氙弧燈老化

第頁P(yáng)lastics—Methodsofexposuretolaboratorylightsources—Part2:Xenon-arclamps塑料實(shí)驗(yàn)室光照老化測(cè)試第二部分氙弧燈1ScopeThispartofISO4892specifiesmethodsforexposingspecimenstoxenon-arclightinthepresenceofmoisturetoreproducetheweatheringeffects(temperature,humidityand/orwetting)thatoccurwhenmaterialsareexposedinactualend-useenvironmentstodaylightortodaylightfilteredthroughwindowglass.此ISO4892標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中介紹了將試樣暴露在氙燈及雨淋環(huán)境中，通過模仿自然光或有窗戶玻璃過濾狀態(tài)下的自然環(huán)境，以確定終端客戶在使用材料時(shí)受到自然氣候的影響（溫度，濕度/或受潮）。SpecimenpreparationandevaluationoftheresultsarecoveredinotherInternationalStandardsforspecificmaterials.特殊材料試樣的制備以及結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià)參考其他國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。GeneralguidanceisgiveninISO4892-1.通則見ISO4892-1NOTEXenon-arcexposuresofpaintsandvarnishesaredescribedinISO11341.注：涂料及清漆的氙燈老化見ISO113412NormativereferencesThefollowingdocuments,inwholeorinpart,arenormativelyreferencedinthisdocumentandareindispensableforitsapplication.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO4582,Plastics—Determinationofchangesincolourandvariationsinpropertiesafterexposuretodaylightunderglass,naturalweatheringorlaboratorylightsourcesISO4892-1,Plastics—Methodsofexposuretolaboratorylightsources—Part1:GeneralguidanceISO9370,Plastics—Instrumentaldeterminationofradiantexposureinweatheringtests—Generalguidanceandbasictestmethod3Principle3原理3.1Axenonarc,fittedwithfilters,isusedtosimulatetherelativespectralirradianceofdaylightintheultraviolet(UV)andvisibleregionsofthespectrum.3.1配置了合適的濾光器的氙弧燈，其產(chǎn)生的輻射類似于地面日光的紫外和可見區(qū)的光譜能量分布。3.2Specimensareexposedtovariouslevelsoflight,heat,relativehumidityandwater(see3.4)undercontrolledenvironmentalconditions.3.2將試樣暴露于不同水平的光線，熱度，相對(duì)濕度以及水淋等受控的環(huán)境條件下3.3Theexposureconditionsarevariedbyselectionofa)thelightfilter(s);b)theirradiancelevel;c)thetemperatureduringexposuretolight;d)therelativehumidityinthechamberduringlightanddarkexposures,whenexposureconditionsrequiringcontrolofhumidityareused;e)thewaythetestspecimensarewetted(see3.4);f)thewatertemperatureandwettingcycle;g)therelativelengthsofthelightanddarkperiods.3.3暴露的條件可有多種選擇：a）濾光器b）輻射等級(jí)c）光照時(shí)的溫度d）當(dāng)暴露條件要求控制濕度時(shí)，測(cè)試箱在日光及無光照射時(shí)的相對(duì)濕度e）試樣加濕的方式f）水浴溫度計(jì)加濕循環(huán)周期g）光照及非光照的周期時(shí)長3.4Wettingisproducedbysprayingthetestspecimenswithdemineralized/deionizedwater,byimmersioninwaterorbycondensationofwatervapourontothesurfacesofthespecimens.試驗(yàn)片的加濕是通過噴射去礦物水/去離子水，浸入水中或在試樣表面冷凝水汽來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。3.5TheprocedureincludesmeasurementsoftheUVirradianceandUVradiantexposureintheplaneofthespecimens.3.5程序應(yīng)包含測(cè)量試驗(yàn)片平面上受到的UV輻射度及UV輻射曝量。3.6Itisrecommendedthatasimilarmaterialofknownperformance(acontrol)beexposedsimultaneouslywiththetestspecimenstoprovideastandardforcomparativepurposes.3.6建議同時(shí)放置一個(gè)已知性能的材料用做測(cè)試樣品的比對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.7Intercomparisonofresultsobtainedfromspecimensexposedindifferentapparatusshouldnotbemadeunlessanappropriatestatisticalrelationshiphasbeenestablishedbetweentheapparatusesfortheparticularmaterialexposed.3.7試樣暴露于不同的裝置得到的結(jié)果可相互比較，4Apparatus4.1Laboratorylightsource實(shí)驗(yàn)光源4.1.1GeneralThelightsourceshallcompriseoneormorequartz-jacketedxenon-arclampswhichemitradiationfrombelow270nmintheultravioletthroughthevisiblespectrumandintotheinfrared.4.1.1石英套管的氙弧燈的光譜范圍包括波長大于270nm的紫外光、可見光和紅外輻射Inordertosimulatedaylight,filtersshallbeusedtoremoveshort-wavelengthUVradiation(methodA,seeTable1).為了模擬直接的自然暴露，輻射光源必須過濾，以便提供與地球上的日光相似的光譜能量分布（方法A，將表1）Filterstominimizeirradianceatwavelengthsshorterthan310nmshallbeusedtosimulatedaylightthroughwindowglass(methodB,seeTable2).采用可減少波長310nm以下光譜福照度的濾光器來模擬透過窗戶玻璃綠光后的日光（方法B，見表2）Inaddition,filterstoremoveinfraredradiationmaybeusedtopreventunrealisticheatingofthetestspecimens,whichcancausethermaldegradationnotexperiencedduringoutdoorexposures.總之，當(dāng)加熱試樣對(duì)光化學(xué)反應(yīng)速度有不利影響，或在自然暴露下并不會(huì)引起熱老化時(shí)，可以使用附加的濾光器來減少非光化作用的紅外能量。NOTESolarspectralirradianceforanumberofdifferentatmosphericconditionsisdescribedinCIEPublicationNo.85.ThebenchmarkdaylightusedinthispartofISO4892isthatdefinedinTable4inCIENo.85:1989.注：一些列不同大氣環(huán)境下日光光譜福照度在CIENo.85中有進(jìn)行刊登。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO4892中使用的日光基準(zhǔn)見CIENo.85:1989表4規(guī)定。4.1.2Spectralirradianceofxenon-arclampswithdaylightfilters4.1.2經(jīng)過日光濾光器的氙弧燈光譜輻照度Filtersareusedtofilterxenon-arcemissionsinordertosimulatedaylight(CIEPublicationNo.85:1989,Table4).TheminimumandmaximumlevelsoftherelativespectralirradianceintheUVwavelengthrangearegiveninTable1(seealsoAnnexA).為模仿自然光需使用濾光器來過濾氙弧光譜（CIENo.85:1898表4）。紫外光譜的最大及最小輻照水平見表1Table1—Relativespectralirradianceofxenon-arclampswithdaylightfiltersab(methodA)經(jīng)濾光的氙弧燈相對(duì)光譜輻照度（方法A）aThistablegivestheirradianceinthegivenpassband,expressedasapercentageofthetotalirradiancebetween290nmand400nm.Todeterminewhetheraspecificfilterorsetoffiltersforaxenon-arclampmeetstherequirementsofthistable,thespectralirradiancemustbemeasuredfrom250nmto400nm.Thetotalirradianceineachwavelengthpassbandisthensummedanddividedbythetotalirradiancefrom290nmto400nm.Typically,thisisdonein2nmincrements.a此表給出了固定波段的輻照度，以290-400nm之間的全部輻照度百分比來表示。根據(jù)此表的要求來決定是否需要特殊的濾光器或設(shè)定來過濾氙弧光，必須測(cè)量250-400nm光譜輻照度。各個(gè)波段總的光譜輻照度求和并除以290-400nm的總光譜福照度。其典型的增量為2nm。bTheminimumandmaximumlimitsinthistablearebasedonmorethan100spectralirradiancemeasurementswithwater-andair-cooledxenon-arclampswithdaylightfiltersfromdifferentproductionlotsandofvariousages,[3]usedinaccordancewiththerecommendationsofthemanufacturer.Asmorespectralirradiancedatabecomeavailable,minorchangesinthelimitsarepossible.Theminimumandmaximumlimitsareatleastthreesigmafromthemeanforallthemeasurements.b此表的最小及最大限度基于超過100個(gè)不同產(chǎn)品批次及各種時(shí)段的光譜輻射度測(cè)量。測(cè)試條件為加水、空氣冷凝、日光過濾器經(jīng)過的氙弧光照。[3]用于推薦的制造商。由于可獲得更多的光譜輻射數(shù)據(jù)，這個(gè)限度是會(huì)有細(xì)微變化的。最大最小限度至少在測(cè)量均值的3西格瑪以內(nèi)。cTheminimumandmaximumcolumnswillnotnecessarilysumto100%becausetheyrepresenttheminimaandmaximaforthemeasurementdataused.Foranyindividualspectralirradiance,thepercentagescalculatedforthepassbandsinthistablewillsumto100%.Foranyindividualxenon-arclampwithdaylightfilters,thecalculatedpercentageineachpassbandshallfallwithintheminimumandmaximumlimitsgiven.Exposureresultscanbeexpectedtodifferifobtainedusingxenon-arcapparatusinwhichthespectralirradiancesdifferbyasmuchasthatallowedbythetolerances.Contactthemanufacturerofthexenon-arcapparatusforspecificspectralirradiancedataforthexenon-arclampandfiltersused.C最小最大數(shù)列總和不一定為100%，因其只代表測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的最小最大值。對(duì)于任何一個(gè)光譜輻照度，從此表格的波段中計(jì)算總和均為100%。任何一個(gè)經(jīng)過日光過濾器過濾的氙弧光，其每個(gè)波段的百分比計(jì)算應(yīng)落在給定的上下限區(qū)間內(nèi)。如果使用不同的氙弧光裝置，此裝置的光譜輻射度應(yīng)盡可能的在允許的偏差之內(nèi)，其曝光結(jié)果可期望有所不同?？陕?lián)絡(luò)制造商使用氙弧燈及過濾器獲得特殊的光譜輻射度。dThedatafromTable4inCIEPublicationNo.85:1989istheglobalsolarirradianceonahorizontalsurfaceforanairmassof1,0,anozonecolumnof0,34cmatSTP,1,42cmofprecipitablewatervapourandaspectralopticaldepthofaerosolextinctionof0,1at500nm.Thesedataaretargetvaluesforxenon-arclampswithdaylightfilters.D在CIENo.85:1989表4中發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)為地球日光光譜照在水平平面上，此環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量為1.0，臭氧柱0.34cm，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度壓力下1.42cm的降水量以及500nm光譜深度下的噴霧降解。這些數(shù)據(jù)都是加了日光過濾器的氙弧燈的目標(biāo)值。eForthesolarspectrumrepresentedbyTable4inCIENo.85:1989,theUVirradiance(between290nmand400nm)is11%andthevisibleirradiance(between400nmand800nm)is89%,expressedasapercentageofthetotalirradiancebetween290nmand800nm.ThepercentageoftheUVirradianceandthatofthevisibleirradianceincidentonspecimensexposedinxenon-arcapparatusmightvaryduetothenumberofspecimensbeingexposedandtheirreflectanceproperties.ECIENo.8:1989表4中描述的太陽光譜，紫外光譜（290-400nm）為11%，可見光（400-800nm）為89%，表示為290-800nm之間的總光譜輻照百分比。由于暴露的試驗(yàn)片的數(shù)量及其反射性能而引起試樣在氙弧光源照射下的紫外光譜和可見光譜百分比發(fā)生變化。4.1.3Spectralirradianceofxenon-arclampswithwindowglassfilters4.1.3通過窗戶玻璃過濾的氙弧燈光譜Filtersareusedtofilterthexenon-arclampemissionsinordertosimulatedaylightwhichhaspassedthroughwindowglass.TheminimumandmaximumlevelsoftherelativespectralirradianceintheUVregionaregiveninTable2(seealsoAnnexA).必須使用過濾器來過濾氙弧燈輻射，以便能夠模仿透過窗戶玻璃的自然光。紫外光譜的相對(duì)最大最小水平見表2Table2—Relativespectralirradianceforxenon-arclampswithwindowglassfiltersab(methodB)4.1.4Irradianceuniformity4.1.4輻射均勻度Theirradianceatanypositionintheareausedforspecimenexposureshallbeatleast80%ofthemaximumirradiance.RequirementsforperiodicrepositioningofspecimenswhenthisrequirementisnotmetaredescribedinISO4892-1.試樣任何位置受到的輻照量至少為最大輻照量的80%。當(dāng)不滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO4892-1中描述的要求時(shí)需要定期重新放置試樣。NOTEForsomematerialsofhighreflectivity,highsensitivitytoirradianceandtemperature,periodicrepositioningofspecimensisrecommendedtoensureuniformityofexposures,evenwhentheirradianceuniformityintheexposureareaiswithinthelimitssothatrepositioningisnotrequired.注：對(duì)于某些高反射率，輻照度及溫度高度敏感的材料，甚至當(dāng)暴露在輻射區(qū)域內(nèi)的均勻性在界限內(nèi)以至于不需要重新放置試樣的情況，為確保曝光的均勻性都要求定期的重新放置試樣。4.2Testchamber試驗(yàn)箱Thedesignofthetestchambermayvary,butitshallbeconstructedfrominertmaterial.Inadditiontothecontrolledirradiance,thetestchambershallprovideforcontroloftemperature.試驗(yàn)箱的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)是多樣化的，但是可以用惰性材料建造。除了可控輻照度外，試驗(yàn)箱還需要能夠提供溫度控制的功能。Forexposuresthatrequirecontrolofhumidity,thetestchambershallincludehumidity-controlfacilitiesthatmeettherequirementsofISO4892-1.Whenrequiredbytheexposureused,theapparatusshallalsoincludefacilitiesfortheprovisionofwatersprayortheformationofcondensateonthesurfaceofthetestspecimens,orfortheimmersionofthespecimensinwater.WaterusedforwatersprayshallmeettherequirementsofISO4892-1.為了能夠控制暴露的濕度，試驗(yàn)箱還應(yīng)包括濕度控制設(shè)備以便滿足ISO4892-1的要求。當(dāng)暴露環(huán)境有要求時(shí)，實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備應(yīng)包含能夠提供水噴霧或能在試驗(yàn)表面形成冷凝水的裝置。用于水噴霧的水應(yīng)滿足ISO4892-1的要求。Thelightsource(s)shallbelocated,withrespecttothespecimens,suchthattheirradianceatthespecimensurfacecomplieswith6.1.光源定位應(yīng)使得試樣表面的輻照度遵守6.1要求NOTEIfthelampsystem(oneormorelamps)iscentrallypositionedinthechamber,theeffectofanyeccentricityofthelamp(s)ontheuniformityofexposurecanbereducedbyusingarotatingframecarryingthespecimensorbyrepositioningorrotatingthelamps.注：如果照射系統(tǒng)（一個(gè)或多個(gè)光源）位于試驗(yàn)箱的中心，可以通過旋轉(zhuǎn)放置試驗(yàn)片的支架或重新放置試樣或旋轉(zhuǎn)光源來減少光源的偏離對(duì)暴露均勻度的影響。Shouldanyozonebegeneratedfromoperationofthelamp(s),thelamp(s)shallbeisolatedfromthetestspecimensandoperatingpersonnel.Iftheozoneisinanairstream,itshallbeventeddirectlytotheoutsideofthebuilding.操作光源時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)有少量的臭氧產(chǎn)生，光源應(yīng)當(dāng)與試驗(yàn)片和操作人員隔離。如果有臭氧泄露到空氣中，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即將其排出到室外。4.3Radiometer輻射表Whenaradiometerisused,itshallcomplywiththerequirementsoutlinedinISO4892-1andISO9370.如果使用了輻射表，必須遵守ISO4892-1以及ISO9370的要求。4.4Black-standard/black-panelthermometer4.4黑色-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度計(jì)或黑板溫度計(jì)Theblack-standardorblack-panelthermometerusedshallcomplywiththerequirementsforthesedevicesgiveninISO4892-1.黑色-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度計(jì)或黑板溫度計(jì)的使用必須遵守ISO4892-1中關(guān)于這些設(shè)備的要求Thepreferredmaximumsurfacetemperaturedeviceistheblack-standardthermometer.TherelevantcyclesaredescribedinTable3andTableB.1.首先最大表面溫度裝置為黑色-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度計(jì)，相關(guān)的周期見表3和表B.14.5Wettingandhumidity-controlequipment4.5加濕及濕度控制設(shè)備4.5.1General4.5.1通則Specimensmaybeexposedtomoistureintheformofwatersprayorcondensation,orbyimmersion.試驗(yàn)片應(yīng)當(dāng)通過水噴霧或凝結(jié)或浸漬的方式進(jìn)行加濕。SpecificexposureconditionsusingwatersprayaredescribedinTable3(seealsoTableB.1)andTable4(seealsoTableB.2).使用水噴霧的特殊暴露條件見表3和表4Ifcondensation,immersionorothermethodsareusedtoexposethespecimenstomoisture,detailsoftheproceduresandexposureconditionsusedshallbeincludedintheexposurereport.如果通過凝結(jié)，浸漬或其他方法來對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)片進(jìn)行加濕，詳細(xì)的流程以及暴露條件應(yīng)當(dāng)展示在報(bào)告中。Table3andTable4alsodescribeexposureconditionsinwhichtherelativehumidityiscontrolled.表3和表4同樣描述了控制相對(duì)濕度的暴露條件。TableB.1andTableB.2describeexposureconditionsinwhichhumiditycontrolisnotrequired.表B.1和表B.2描述了不控制相對(duì)濕度的暴露條件。NOTETherelativehumidityoftheaircanhaveasignificantinfluenceonthephotodegradationofpolymers.注：空氣的相對(duì)濕度會(huì)對(duì)聚合物的光化降解產(chǎn)生重大作用。4.5.2Relative-humiditycontrolequipment4.5.2相對(duì)濕度控制設(shè)備Forexposureswhererelative-humiditycontrolisrequired,thelocationofthesensorsusedtomeasurethehumidityshallbeasspecifiedinISO4892-1.當(dāng)暴露要求控制相對(duì)濕度時(shí)，測(cè)量濕度的傳感器的定位需要安照ISO4892-1的規(guī)定實(shí)施4.5.3Spraysystem4.5.3噴淋系統(tǒng)Thetestchambermaybeequippedwithameansofdirectinganintermittentwatersprayontothefrontsorbacksofthetestspecimensunderspecifiedconditions.Thesprayshallbeuniformlydistributedoverthespecimens.按照規(guī)定的條件，試驗(yàn)箱需要安裝一個(gè)有定向間歇性對(duì)試樣前面或后面進(jìn)行水噴霧的裝置。噴霧應(yīng)當(dāng)均勻分布覆蓋試驗(yàn)片。Thespraysystemshallbemadefromcorrosion-resistantmaterialsthatdonotcontaminatethewateremployed.噴淋系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)使用耐腐蝕材料制造以防對(duì)使用水造成污染。Thewatersprayedontothespecimensurfacesshallhaveaconductivitybelow5μS/cm,containlessthan1μg/gdissolvedsolidsandleavenoobservablestainsordepositsonthespecimens.噴淋于試驗(yàn)片表面的水，其傳導(dǎo)率應(yīng)低于5μS/cm，含有溶解性固體低于1μg/g，且不能在試驗(yàn)片上留下明顯的污漬或沉積物。Careshallbetakentokeepsilicalevelsbelow0,2μg/g.Acombinationofdeionizationandreverseosmosiscanbeusedtoproducewaterofthedesiredquality.需嚴(yán)格控制硅含量低于0.2μg/g。結(jié)合去離子以及反滲透作用可制造出期望純度的水。4.6Specimenholders4.6樣品架Specimenholdersmaybeintheformofanopenframe,leavingthebacksofthespecimensexposed,ortheymayprovidethespecimenswithasolidbacking.Theyshallbemadefrominertmaterialsthatwillnotaffecttheresultsoftheexposure,forexamplenon-oxidizingalloysofaluminiumorstainlesssteel.Brass,steelorcoppershallnotbeusedinthevicinityofthetestspecimens.Thebackingusedmightaffecttheresults,asmightanyspacebetweenthebackingandthetestspecimen,particularlywithtransparentspecimens,andshallbeagreedonbetweentheinterestedparties.樣品架可以是開放式的，留下試驗(yàn)片的背面暴露，或給試驗(yàn)片提供一個(gè)固體的背板。應(yīng)當(dāng)使用惰性材料制備以防影響暴露的測(cè)試結(jié)果，例如非氧化的鋁合金或不銹鋼。黃銅，鋼材或鍍銅均不能在試驗(yàn)片附近使用。襯背會(huì)對(duì)結(jié)果造成影響，襯背與試驗(yàn)片之間可能有一些間距，特別是通透的試樣，需要得到相關(guān)方的同意。4.7Apparatustoassesschangesinproperties4.7評(píng)價(jià)性能改變的裝置IfanInternationalStandardrelatingtothedeterminationofthepropertieschosenformonitoringthechangesinpropertiesexists(see,inparticular,ISO4582),theapparatusspecifiedbytheInternationalStandardconcernedshallbeused.如果國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有相關(guān)監(jiān)控性能變化的屬性選擇存在（特別是ISO4582），裝置有關(guān)于國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的說明應(yīng)注明。5TestspecimensMakereferencetoISO4892-1.參考ISO4892-1.6Exposureconditions6.1RadiationUnlessotherwisespecified,controltheirradianceatthelevelsindicatedinTable3(seealsoTableB.1)andTable4(seealsoTableB.2).Otherirradiancelevelsmaybeusedwhenagreedonbytheinterestedparties.除非另有規(guī)定，按表3及表4的指示對(duì)輻照度進(jìn)行控制.如果取得相關(guān)方同意的情況下也可以選用其他的輻照等級(jí)。Theirradiance,andthepassbandinwhichitwasmeasured,shallbeincludedintheexposurereport.輻照等級(jí)以及被測(cè)量的波段均應(yīng)當(dāng)包含在報(bào)告中。6.2Temperature6.2溫度6.2.1Black-standardandblack-paneltemperature6.2.1黑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及黑板溫度Forrefereepurposes,Table3andTableB.1specifyblack-standardtemperatures.Fornormalwork,blackpanelthermometersmaybeusedinplaceofblack-standardthermometers(seeTable4andTableB.2).出于公正目的，表3及表B.1制定了黑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度。通常狀態(tài)下，黑板溫度計(jì)會(huì)代替黑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度計(jì)來工作Theblack-paneltemperaturesspecifiedinTable4andtheblack-standardtemperaturesspecifiedinTable3arethosemostcommonlyused,buthavenorelationshiptoeachother.Therefore,testresultsobtainedwiththetwotablesmightnotbecomparable.最常用的黑板溫度、黑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度分別在表4及表3中有說明，但兩者并沒有什么關(guān)聯(lián)性。因此，使用兩個(gè)表所對(duì)應(yīng)的檢測(cè)結(jié)果并沒有可比性。NOTE1Ifablack-panelthermometerisused,thetemperatureindicatedwillbe3°Cto12°Clowerthanthatindicatedbyablack-standardthermometerundertypicalexposureconditions.Ifablack-panelthermometerisused,thenthepanelmaterial,thetypeoftemperaturesensorandthewayinwhichthesensorismountedonthepanelshallbeincludedintheexposurereport.注1：如果使用黑板溫度計(jì)，溫度設(shè)定應(yīng)在3-12℃。這個(gè)溫度應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)陀谑褂煤跇?biāo)溫度計(jì)的典型暴露條件。如果使用了黑板溫度計(jì)，應(yīng)當(dāng)將板材、溫度傳感器的型號(hào)以及傳感器在板上安裝的方式體現(xiàn)在報(bào)告中。NOTE2IfhighertemperaturesareusedasspecifiedinTable3andTable4forspecialexposures,thetendencyforspecimenstoundergothermaldegradationwillincreaseandthismightaffecttheresultsofsuchexposures.Othertemperaturesmaybeusedwhenagreedonbytheinterestedparties,butshallbestatedintheexposurereport.注2：對(duì)于特殊的暴露需要用到表3以及表4中的高溫，試驗(yàn)片受熱降解的趨勢(shì)將會(huì)增加最終對(duì)此類暴露結(jié)果有造成一定的影響。其他被相關(guān)方認(rèn)可的溫度條件也可使用，但需要在報(bào)告中注明。Ifwatersprayisused,thetemperaturerequirementsapplytotheendofthedryperiod.Ifthethermometerdoesnotreachasteadystateduringthedryperiodaftertheshortwater-spraypartofthecycle,checkwhetherthespecifiedtemperatureisreachedduringalongerdryperiod,andconsiderusingthislongerdryperiod.如果用到水噴霧，溫度要求適用于干燥過程的最后階段。如果在整個(gè)循環(huán)中短暫的水噴霧后干燥過程中，溫度計(jì)不能達(dá)到一個(gè)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，可以通過一個(gè)長一點(diǎn)的干燥時(shí)間來確認(rèn)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定溫度，并考慮使用這個(gè)長一點(diǎn)的干燥時(shí)段。NOTE3Duringthewater-spraypartofthecycle,theblack-standardorblack-paneltemperaturewillbeclosetothatofthewaterused.注3：循環(huán)過程中水噴霧時(shí)，黑標(biāo)或黑板溫度應(yīng)接近水溫。NOTE4Theadditionalmeasurementofawhite-standard/white-paneltemperaturewithawhite-standard/white-panelthermometerinaccordancewithISO4892-1givesimportantinformationontherangeofsurfacetemperaturesofdifferentlycolouredtestspecimens.注4：關(guān)于使用白標(biāo)/白板溫度計(jì)測(cè)量白標(biāo)/白板溫度的測(cè)量可以參照ISO4892-1，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給出了關(guān)于不同顏色試驗(yàn)片的表面溫度范圍的重要信息。6.2.2Chamberairtemperature試驗(yàn)箱空氣溫度Exposurescanberuneitherwiththechamberairtemperaturecontrolledataspecifiedlevel(seeTable3andTable4)orallowingtheairtemperaturetofinditsownlevel(seeTableB.1andTableB.2).暴露可以在指定的試驗(yàn)箱空氣溫度等級(jí)下進(jìn)行也可以允許空氣溫度自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)其等級(jí)NOTEThepossiblespecimensurfacetemperaturehasasitslowerlimitthetemperatureoftheairsurroundingthespecimens(i.e.thechambertemperature)andasitsupperlimittheblack-standardtemperaturespecified.Itisassumedthattheactualspecimentemperatureliessomewherebetweenthesetwolimits.注：合適的試驗(yàn)片表面溫度是試樣周圍空氣溫度作為其下限值，規(guī)定的黑標(biāo)溫度作為其上限值。據(jù)推測(cè)實(shí)際的試驗(yàn)片溫度介于這兩個(gè)限度之間。6.3Relativehumidityofchamberair試驗(yàn)箱空氣的相對(duì)濕度Exposurescanbeconductedeitherwiththerelativehumiditycontrolledataspecifiedlevel(seeTable3andTable4)orallowingtherelativehumiditytofinditsownlevel(seeTableB.1andTableB.2).暴露可以在指定的試驗(yàn)箱空氣相對(duì)濕度等級(jí)下進(jìn)行也可以允許空氣相對(duì)濕度自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)其等級(jí)Table3—Exposurecycleswithtemperaturecontrolbyblack-standardthermometer表3—使用黑標(biāo)溫度計(jì)控制溫度的老化循環(huán)(BST)aNOTE1The±tolerancesgivenforirradiance,black-standardtemperatureandrelativehumidityaretheallowablefluctuationsoftheparameterconcernedaboutthegivenvalueunderequilibriumconditions.Thisdoesnotmeanthatthevaluemayvarybyplus/minustheamountindicatedfromthegivenvalue.注1：給定的福照度的±偏差，黑標(biāo)溫度以及相對(duì)濕度的參數(shù)與平衡條件下給定值相關(guān)，允許其存在波動(dòng)。但這并不是說這個(gè)值可以從指定值上進(jìn)行加/減數(shù)量。NOTE2Forexposuresinwhichthechambertemperatureandhumidityarenotcontrolled(seeTableB.1),itcouldbeusefultoreportthemeasuredvaluesofbothintheexposurereport.注2：試驗(yàn)箱的溫度和相對(duì)濕度不受控制時(shí)，將暴露時(shí)該條件的測(cè)量值寫入報(bào)告中是十分有用的。aThistablegivestheconditionsforexposuresconductedwithdaylightfilters(methodA)andwithwindowglassfilters(methodB)usingablack-standardthermometer,whereasinTable4temperaturecontrolisbymeansofablack-panelthermometer.此表給出了相應(yīng)的測(cè)試條件，如在日光過濾器以及使用了黑標(biāo)溫度計(jì)的窗戶玻璃過濾器的分析，然而表4溫度控制是借助于黑板溫度計(jì)。bTheirradiancevaluesgivenarethosethathavehistoricallybeenused.Inapparatuscapableofproducinghigherirradiances,theactualirradiancemightbesignificantlyhigherthanthestatedvalues,e.g.upto180W/m2(300nmto400nm)forxenon-arclampswithdaylightfiltersor162W/m2(300nmto400nm)forxenon-arclampswithwindowglassfilters.給出的輻照度值應(yīng)當(dāng)為曾經(jīng)使用過的。能夠產(chǎn)生高輻射量的設(shè)備，其實(shí)際輻照量可能明顯高于設(shè)定值，例如使用了日光過濾器的氙弧燈達(dá)到108W/㎡（300-400nm）或使用了窗戶玻璃過濾的氙弧燈達(dá)到162w/㎡（300-400nm）cFormaterialssensitivetohumidity,theuseof(65±10)%RHisrecommended.對(duì)于濕度敏感的材料，推薦60±10%RH6.4Spraycycle噴霧周期Thespraycycleusedshallbeasagreedbetweentheinterestedparties,butshouldpreferablybethatinTable3(orTableB.1)formethodAandTable4(seealsoTableB.2)methodA.噴霧周期應(yīng)當(dāng)取得相關(guān)方同意，但更適合表3和表4中的方法A6.5Cycleswithdarkperiods6.5黑暗周期TheconditionsinTable3andTableB.1(seealsoTable4andTableB.2)arevalidforcontinuouspresenceofradiantenergyfromthesource.Morecomplexcyclesmaybeused.Thesecouldincludedarkperiodsthatmightinvolvehighhumidityand/ortheformationofcondensateonthesurfacesofthespecimens.表3和表B.1的條件，適用于連續(xù)光照的試驗(yàn)。更為復(fù)雜的循環(huán)周期也可使用，如具有較高相對(duì)濕度的黑暗周期和/或在試樣表面形成凝結(jié)水Suchprogrammesshallbegiven,withfulldetailsoftheconditions,intheexposurereport.此類方案應(yīng)當(dāng)包含全部測(cè)試條件的細(xì)節(jié)并在報(bào)告中列出。Table4—Exposurecycleswithtemperaturecontrolbyblack-panelthermometer(BPT)NOTE1The±tolerancesgivenforirradiance,black-paneltemperatureandrelativehumidityaretheallowablefluctuationsoftheparameterconcernedaboutthegivenvalueunderequilibriumconditions.Thisdoesnotmeanthatthevaluemayvarybyplus/minustheamountindicatedfromthegivenvalue.注1：給定的福照度的±偏差，黑標(biāo)溫度以及相對(duì)濕度的參數(shù)與平衡條件下給定值相關(guān)，允許其存在波動(dòng)。但這并不是說這個(gè)值可以從指定值上進(jìn)行加/減數(shù)量。NOTE2Forexposuresinwhichthechambertemperatureandhumidityarenotcontrolled(seeTableB.2),itcouldbeusefultoreportthemeasuredvaluesofbothintheexposurereport.aTheirradiancevaluesgivenarethosethathavehistoricallybeenused.Inapparatuscapableofproducinghigherirradiances,theactualirradiancemightbesignificantlyhigherthanthestatedvalues,e.g.upto180W/m2(300nmto400nm)forxenon-arclampswithdaylightfiltersor162W/m2(300nmto400nm)forxenon-arclampswithwindowglassfilters.給出的輻照度值應(yīng)當(dāng)為曾經(jīng)使用過的。能夠產(chǎn)生高輻射量的設(shè)備，其實(shí)際輻照量可能明顯高于設(shè)定值，例如使用了日光過濾器的氙弧燈達(dá)到108W/㎡（300-400nm）或使用了窗戶玻璃過濾的氙弧燈達(dá)到162w/㎡（300-400nm）bFormaterialssensitivetohumidity,theuseof(65±10)%RHisrecommended.對(duì)于濕度敏感的材料，推薦使用60±10%RH6.6Setsofexposureconditions6.6老化條件的設(shè)定Table3(seealsoTableB.1)andTable4(seealsoTableB.2)listsvarioussetsofconditionsforexposuresconductedwithdaylightfilters(methodA)andthoseconductedwithwindowglassfilters(methodB).表3和表4中列出了各種使用日光過濾器和穿戶玻璃過濾器的老化設(shè)定條件Ifnootherexposureconditionsarespecified,usecycleNo.1(BSTcontrol)orcycleNo.4(BPTcontrol).如果沒有規(guī)定其他老化條件，使用周期1或4；Table3specifiesthreeexposurecyclesinwhichtheblack-standardtemperaturesarecontrolled(foradditionalcycles,seeTableB.1).InTable4(foradditionalcyclesseeTableB.2),black-paneltemperaturesaregiven.表3制定了黑標(biāo)溫度控制下的3中老化周期。表4（附加周期見B.2）給出了黑板溫度。Theblack-paneltemperaturesspecifiedinTable4andTableB.2andtheblack-standardtemperaturesspecifiedinTable3andTableB.1aretheonesmostcommonlyused,buthavenorelationshiptoeachother.Theexposureresultsmightthereforenotbecomparable.最常用的黑板溫度、黑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度分別在表4及表3中有說明，但兩者并沒有什么關(guān)聯(lián)性。因此，使用兩個(gè)表所對(duì)應(yīng)的檢測(cè)結(jié)果并沒有可比性。Black-standardthermometersmayalsobeusedinsteadofblack-panelthermometerstoensurethatthetemperaturerequirementsinTable4andTableB.2aremet.However,inthiscasetheactualtemperaturedifferencebetweenthedifferenttypesofthermometershallbedeterminedandthetemperaturemeasuredbyeachshallbeusedastheequivalentsetpointtemperaturetocompensateforthedifferencesinthethermalconductivitybetweenthetwothermometertypes.黑標(biāo)溫度計(jì)可以用來替代黑板溫度計(jì)來確保溫度要求滿足表4以及表B.2。然而，此類情況下因?yàn)闇囟扔?jì)型號(hào)不同而造成實(shí)際溫度的偏差應(yīng)被規(guī)定，并且使用的各個(gè)溫度計(jì)測(cè)量值應(yīng)等同于設(shè)定溫度用以彌補(bǔ)因不同型號(hào)溫度計(jì)熱導(dǎo)率差異引起的偏差。7Procedure7.1General7.1通則Itisrecommendedthatatleastthreetestspecimensofeachmaterialevaluatedbeexposedineachruntoallowstatisticalevaluationoftheresults.一般建議每款材料至少測(cè)試3個(gè)試驗(yàn)片，允許對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)。7.2Mountingthetestspecimens7.2安裝試驗(yàn)片Attachthespecimenstothespecimenholdersintheequipmentinsuchamannerthatthespecimensarenotsubjecttoanyappliedstress.Identifyeachtestspecimenbysuitableindeliblemarking,avoidingareastobeusedforsubsequenttesting.Asacheck,aplanofthetest-specimenpositionsmaybemade.添加試驗(yàn)片使其固定在支架上，確保試驗(yàn)片不受到任何附加應(yīng)力。確保每個(gè)試驗(yàn)片在其非測(cè)試區(qū)域都有不可消除的標(biāo)識(shí)。便于確認(rèn)，最好事先計(jì)劃好試驗(yàn)片的位置。Ifdesired,inthecaseofspecimensusedtodeterminechangeincolourandappearance,aportionofeachtestspecimenmaybeshieldedbyanopaquecoverthroughouttheexposure.Thisgivesanunexposedareaadjacenttotheexposedareaforcomparison.Thisisusefulforcheckingtheprogressoftheexposure,butthedatareportedshallalwaysbebasedonacomparisonwithstoredinthedark.必要時(shí)，當(dāng)試驗(yàn)片被用于測(cè)定顏色或外觀變化的情況時(shí)，在整個(gè)試驗(yàn)期間可用不透明物遮蓋每個(gè)試樣的一部分，以比較遮蓋面與暴露面，這對(duì)于檢查試樣的老化過程是很有用的。