The-Nobel-Prizes(諾貝爾獎ppt)-課件PPT

TheNobelPrizes(諾貝爾獎ppt)OutlineTheoriginoftheNobelPrizeNobelPrizesNobelPrizein2012FinalThoughtsNobelPrizeTheNobelPrizeisestablishedinthe1895willofSwedishchemistAlfredNobel.AlfredNobel(1833-1896)wasborninStockholm,Sweden.Nobelwasfluentinseverallanguages,andwrotepoetryanddrama.Hewasalsoveryinterestedinsocialandpeace-relatedissues.

諾貝爾獎由1895年瑞典化學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑設(shè)立。阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾(1833-1896)生于瑞典斯德哥爾摩。諾貝爾擅長數(shù)門語言，同時還創(chuàng)作詩歌和戲劇。此外諾貝爾還對社會、和平的相關(guān)問題感興趣。TheoriginoftheNobelPrizeInhislastwill,NobelleftmostofhispropertytosetuptheNobelPrize.Afterhisdeath,thewillcausedalotofcontroversybothinSwedenandinternationally.HisfamilyopposedtheestablishmentoftheNobelPrize,andtheprizeawardersthathenamedrefusedtodowhathehadrequestedinhiswill.ItwasfiveyearsbeforethefirstNobelPrizecouldbeawardedin1901.Nobel’sWill

在他的最后的遺囑中，諾貝爾留下了他的大部分財產(chǎn)來設(shè)立諾貝爾獎。諾貝爾逝世后，這份遺囑在瑞典及國際上引起了巨大的爭論。他的家人反對諾貝爾獎的建立，同時諾貝爾指定的授獎?wù)咭簿芙^按他遺囑中的要求做。直到五年后的1901年，諾貝爾獎才第一次頒發(fā)。BeforethatdidnotsetuptheNobelPrizeineconomicsuntil1968,theSwedishcentralbank,ontheoccasionofits300thanniversary，donatedalargeamountofmoneytotheNobelFoundationtosetuptheNobelPrizeineconomics.APrizeinEconomicSciencesinMemoryofAlfredNobelhasbeenawardedsince1969.TheBoardoftheNobelFoundationhassubsequentlydecidedthatitwillallownofurthernewprizes.PrizeinEconomicSciences

在這以前沒有設(shè)立諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎這一獎項，直到1968年，在瑞典中央銀行創(chuàng)立300周年之際，其向諾貝爾基金會捐獻(xiàn)了大量資金設(shè)立了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎，并于次年開始頒發(fā)。隨后諾貝爾基金董事會決定，不再增設(shè)任何新的獎項。TheNobelPrizesareprizesawardedannuallytopeopleororganizationswhohavemadeanoutstandingcontributiontosocietyinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,peaceandeconomics.Theyarewidelyregardedasthesupremecommendationintheirrespectivesubjectareas.

諾貝爾獎每年頒發(fā)給在物理、化學(xué)、生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以及維護(hù)和平方面對社會做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的個人或組織。這些獎項被普遍認(rèn)為是各自學(xué)科領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的最高嘉獎。NobelPrizesSeptemberlastyeartoFebruary:Sendthenominationlist.April:ChoosepreliminarycandidateMay:Selectafinalcandidate.October:AnnouncedtheNobelPrizewinner.December:AwardceremonyforNobelPrizewinners.SelectionprocessTheNobelCommitteesinPhysics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,LiteratureandEconomicScienceseachusuallyreceives250-300nameseveryyear.237namesweresubmittedforthe2010NobelPeacePrize,andthisisthehighestnumberofnominationsfortheNobelPeacePrizeever.Thenamesofallthenomineescannotberevealeduntil50yearslater.Nominations

每年，諾貝爾獎委員會在物理、化學(xué)、生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎上都會收到250-300個提名。2010年的諾貝爾和平獎共收到了237個提名，這是迄今為止和平獎的最高提名數(shù)。所有被提名人的姓名直到50年后才會公開。833Laureatesand24organizationshavebeenawardedtheNobelPrizebetween1901and2012.Asmallnumberofindividualshavebeenhonoredmorethanonce.Asarecord,theworkoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross(ICRC)hasbeenhonoredbyNobelPeacePrizethreetimes.NobelLaureates(諾貝爾獎得主)

在1901年至2012年間，共有833名獲獎?wù)吆?4個組織榮獲諾貝爾獎。其中有少數(shù)人不止一次獲得諾貝爾獎。國際紅十字會曾被三次授予諾貝爾和平獎，這是獲得諾貝爾獎次數(shù)的最高紀(jì)錄。ThePrizeAwardCeremonytakesplaceonDecember10everyyear,InmemoryofthedaywhenAlfredNobelpassedaway.AnimportantpartisthepresentationoftheNobelLecturesbytheNobelLaureates.TheeventisfollowedbytheNobelBanquet,with1,300guests,heldattheBlueHalloftheStockholmCityHall.AwardCeremonies

諾貝爾獎的頒獎典禮在每年的12月10日舉行，這正是阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾逝世的日期。典禮中重要的一部分是諾貝爾獎得主的演講。隨后，在斯德哥爾摩市政廳的藍(lán)色大廳里將舉行盛大的晚宴，共有1300余位賓客。ThehighlightoftheNobelPrizeAwardCeremonyiswheneachNobelLaureatestepsforwardtoreceivetheNobelPrizefromtheKingofSweden.Undertheeyesofawatchingworld,theNobelLaureatereceivesthreethings:adiploma,amedalandadocumentconfirmingtheprizeamount.TheNobelPrizeamountfor2012isabout1.13milliondollars.WhattheNobelLaureatesReceive

頒獎典禮上最耀眼的一刻就是獲獎?wù)咦呱锨叭?，接受瑞典國王授予的諾貝爾獎。在全世界的注視下，諾貝爾獎得主接過三件東西：證書，獎?wù)乱约耙环莳劷饠?shù)額確認(rèn)文件。2012年的諾貝爾獎金約為113萬美元。ThereareslightlydifferentdesignsfordifferentNobelPrizeMedals.TheNobelPrizeMedalsliteratureprizemedalEconomicsprizemedalEachNobelDiplomaisauniqueworkofart,createdbyforemostSwedishandNorwegianartists.TheNobelPrizeDiplomasNobelPrizein2012Sincethe8,October,The2012NobelPrizeannouncedceremonyheldinsuccession.

TheNobelPrizeforphysiologyormedicine,forphysics,forchemistry,forliterature,forpeaceandeconomicsalsoincluded.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics

Laureates:SergeHaroche,DavidJ.WinelandTheNobelPrizeinPhysics2012wasawardedjointlytoSergeHarocheandDavidJ.Wineland"forground-breakingexperimentalmethodsthatenablemeasuringandmanipulationofindividualquantumsystems"DavidJ.WinelandSergeHarocheTheNobelPrizeinChemistryTheNobelPrizeinChemistry2012wasawardedjointlytoRobertJ.LefkowitzandBrianK.Kobilka"forstudiesofG-protein-coupledreceptors"Laureates:RobertJ.Lefkowitz,BrianK.KobilkaRobertJ.LefkowitzBrianK.KobilkaTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineBritonJohnGurdonandJapan’sShinyaYamanakafortheirdiscoverythatmaturecellscanbereprogrammedintoimmaturecellsthatcanbeturnedintoalltissuesofthebody,afindingthatrevolutionizedunderstandingofhowcellsandorganismsdevelop.Laureates:JohnB.Gurdon,ShinyaYamanaka

SirJohnB.GurdonShinyaYamanakaTheNobelPrizeinLiteratureTheNobelPrizeinLiterature2012wasawardedtoMoYan"whowithhallucinatoryrealismmergesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary".MoYanRepresentativeworks:"redsorghum“,"sandalwoodpunishment","winekingdom","lifeanddeathfatigue","frog“,andsoon.TheNobelPeacePrizeTheNobelPeacePrize2012wasawardedtoEuropeanUnion(EU)"foroversixdecadescontributedtotheadvancementofpeaceandreconciliation,democracyandhumanrightsinEurope".Laureate:EuropeanUnion(EU)TheEuropeanUnionflagTheEuropean

UnionflagisnotonlyasymboloftheEuropeanUnion,butalsointhebroadsenseEuropeanunityandsymbolofstatus.AringofgoldenstarsrepresenttheEuropeanpeople'sunityandharmony.PrizeinEconomicSciences

TheSverigesRiksbankPrizeinEconomicSciencesinMemoryofAlfredNobel2012wasawardedjointlytoAlvinE.RothandLloydS.Shapley"forthet