Module3Unit3Grammar課件外研版八年級英語下冊

ScientistshavesentspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.Let’stalkaboutthepicturesWarmingup:Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.Scientistshave

alsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.

ScientistshavesentspaceshiptotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhave

evensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.NospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Module3JourneytospaceUnit3LanguageinuseGrammarI'vejustmadeamodelspaceship.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.Hasitarrivedyet?請認(rèn)真觀察，找出規(guī)律，說出自己的看法。Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(2)當(dāng)表示動作已經(jīng)完成,并對現(xiàn)在有一定影響時，我們一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。同時，可分用just,already或yet加以強調(diào)或說明。例如：Ihavejustheardthenews.我剛聽到消息。Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.

宇航員已經(jīng)去過月球了。Hehasjuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.

我們才剛剛開始探索其他行星?？梢钥闯?，just用來表示“剛剛”，already用來表示“已經(jīng)”，兩者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have/has之后。在否定句中則可用yet,表示“還未”，有“以后可以會”的含義。例如：Thescientistshavenotheardfromityet.

科學(xué)家還沒有收到它發(fā)出的信息。Manhasnotdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet.人類尚未在太空中發(fā)現(xiàn)生命?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時在表達(dá)經(jīng)歷時只表示該事件是在現(xiàn)在之前的某一個時間里發(fā)生的，重點在于已完成動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。而一般過去時則表示在過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的事情。在沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，如何判斷該用現(xiàn)在完成時還是該用過去時呢？判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看該行為是否對現(xiàn)在有影響，也就是說該句強調(diào)的是什么。試看以下對話：A:Wherehaveyou

putmybook?Ican’tfindit.

你把我的書放哪兒去了？我找不到。B:Iputitonyourdeskyesterday.

我昨天放你桌子上了。該對話中，當(dāng)A問對方把自己的書放在何處時，A感興趣的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。B回答時只是說明當(dāng)時放的位置，所以用一般過去時。A:Wouldyouliketogoandseethefilmwithmetonight?

你今晚想和我去看電影嗎？B:Sorry,Ihaveseenitalready.

不好意思，我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。對話中的現(xiàn)在完成時表示對結(jié)果的強調(diào)：“電影看過了，所以不想再看了?！爆F(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，already(已經(jīng))、just(剛剛)常用于肯定句，放在have\has的后面。yet(還、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑問句,（放在have\has的后面，也可放在句末）。Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.SpaceshiponMars!Astronautshave(1)_______beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceship(2)_______arrivedonMarsandithas(3)_______sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow(4)________.

alreadyjustalreadyyethave/hasbeento&have/hasgonetohave/hasbeento表示某人“去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了”。have/hasgoneto表示某人“去某地了”，這個人已經(jīng)不在這里了.即學(xué)即練SpaceshiponMarsAstronautshave__________beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceshiphas__________arrivedonMarsandithas________sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow______.1.Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.即學(xué)即練alreadyalreadyjustyet2.Choosethecorrectanswer.√√√√3.Completethesentenceswiththeexpressions.hasgonehavebeenhavebeenhasgoneNicky:I’vejust_________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Doyouknowthatscientistshave__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:No!Really?That’sveryinteresting.________they_____(try)tofindlifeonmars?4.Completetheconversation.watcheddiscoveredHavetriedNicky:Well,they’relookingforlifebutthey______________(notfind)anythingyet.Bill:_________you________(see)thephotosofMars?Nicky:No.Whatdoesitlooklike?Bill:It’sred！haven’tfoundHaveseenPairworkRole–playthefollowingconversationCompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Nicky:I’vejust(1)________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Didyouknowthatscientistshave(2)__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:Yes,Idid.Andscientists(3)__________(try)tofindlifeonMarsnow.watcheddiscoveredaretryingNicky:Yes,they’relookingforlifebutthey(4)____________(notfind)anythingyet.Bill:ThereweresomenewphotosofMarsinthenewspapertoday.(5)_______you______(see)themyet?Nicky:Yes.They’reamazing!haven’tfoundhaven’tfoundSummary:1.Wehavelearnedandconsolidatedtheuseofpresentperfecttensewithjust,yetandalready;2.Wehaveunderstoodlisteningandreadingmaterialsonspacetravel.Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Frankhasjustfinished

(write)ashortstoryaboutthespace.2.Jesssatinfrontofherhouse

(wait)forherparents.3.Thelittleboykeepshisbikeas

(clean)asanewone.4.Ihavealreadyknownthenews.ButI

(nottell)