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關(guān)于英語國家概況第1頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第2頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三

Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第3頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第4頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第5頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第6頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.

第7頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三States

original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第8頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第9頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亞山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第10頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange(科迪勒拉山系),extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第11頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheGreatCentralPlain(中部大平原)BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第12頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第13頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亞加拉大瀑布)第14頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.

第15頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NiagaraFalls第16頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.MainGeographicalRegions

NewEnglandRegion(新英格蘭地區(qū))TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion(大西洋中部地區(qū))TheSouthRegion(南部地區(qū))TheMidwestRegion(中西部地區(qū))TheWestRegion(西部地區(qū))TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地區(qū))Alaska(阿拉斯加地區(qū))Hawaii(夏威夷地區(qū))第17頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第18頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NewENGLAND

第19頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.?populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第20頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheSouthRegion

alargesectionofUS,including11states

favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工業(yè)的)thesouth:agrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的,土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第21頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三AmericanSouthernArea第22頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第23頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第24頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第25頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Oregon&California第26頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第27頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Alaska第28頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴魯魯,檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第29頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三HawaiiHawaiiDance第30頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第31頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥灣水系).第32頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

(《哈克貝利·費恩歷險記》)tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第33頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托馬克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington

b.TheHudsonRiver

(哈得孫河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第34頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三ClimateMajority:

temperateSome:

subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第35頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources

amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第36頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三MajorCities

WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第37頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Tips:

NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.

第38頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.NewYork

LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈頓),Brooklyn(布魯克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士滿)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.

第39頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第40頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(紐約證券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第41頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第42頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第43頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第44頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

第45頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第46頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托馬克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.

第47頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三WashingtonMonument第48頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第49頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第50頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第51頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.2Capitol國會大廈ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第52頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第53頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第54頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第55頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第56頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第57頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三SearsTower(西爾斯大廈)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第58頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第59頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三第60頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%

NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美國人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第61頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第62頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第63頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第64頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第65頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.

第66頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔離法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(補充法案)totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.

第67頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第68頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第69頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三IHaveaDream

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第70頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Hispanics

—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates

PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第71頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)

hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第72頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“l(fā)ittleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第73頁,講稿共79頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Asianimmigrants—Chinese

AmongtheAsianimmigrant

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