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NervousSystemDept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYing

IntroductionandoverviewIntroductionandoverviewDivisionofnervoussystemOrganizationofcentralnervoussystemTermofcentralnervoussystem(DevelopmentofCNS)Peripheralnervoussystem:31pairsofspinalnerves12pairsofcranialnervesAutonomicnervousfibersgangliaThehumannervoussystemCentralnervoussystem:----Spinalcord&brainBrainstemmedullaponsmidbrainDiencephalonsCerebellumCerebralhemisphereThehumannervoussystemThebrainoccupiedthecranialcavityThespinalcordlocatedinspinalcanalThecranialnervesattachedtothebrainThespinalnervesattachedtospinalcordComponentsandorganisationofthenervoussystemThebasicstructuralandfunctionalunitofthenervoussystemisthe

nervecell

or

neuron.NeuronBasicstructure:BodyDendritesaaxonAxonsmaybehighlybranched =collateralsTypesofneuronsbyfunction:Afferentneuron/sensoryneuronEfferentneuron/motorneuronInterneurons/relayneurons

Typesofneuronsbystructure:multipolarneuronbipolarneuronunipolarneuron(pseudounipolar)Thenervoussystemismadeupofmillions,perhapsbillions,ofneurons.Informationispassedbetweenneuronesatspecialisedregionscalledsynapses.Synapse

Synapseisthejunctionbetweentwoneuronswheretheelectricalactivityinoneneuroninfluencestheexcitabilityofthesecondneuron.Atthispoint(thesynapse),ChemicalandElectricalreactionoccurs.Chemicalsynapsesneuronsneuroglia.TermsofNSGreymatter–someregionsintheCNSarerelativelyenrichedinnervecellbodiesWhitematter–someregionsinCNSarerelativelyenrichedinprocesses(usuallyaxons)Ganglia

–someregionsinthePNSarerelativelyenrichedinnervecellbodies

NervecellbodiesintheCNSwithsimilaranatomicalconnectionandfunctionarecallednucleiTermsofNS—nerveNerve

–theprocesses(usuallyaxons)inthePNS

oftenmyelinatedformedbynervefibersofneurons:includingtheAXONSandtheirglialenvelopes(myelinsheath)TermsofNSTractsthatnerveprocessessharingcommonconnectionsandfunctionstendtofollowsamecoursearecalledrunninginpathwaysortractAfferenttractsarecalledascendingtractoraffect(sensoryascendingtractorpathway)Efferenttractsarecalleddescendingtractoreffect(motordescendingtractorpathway)TermsofNS--Decussationpathwayconveyingsensory(ormotor)informationtoaconsciouslevel(ormotorarea)crossover,ordecussatethemedianplane,fromonesidetotheotherarecalledDecussation.Ingeneral,eachcerebralhemisphereperceivessensationsfrom,andcontrolsthemovementsof,thecontralateralsideofthebody.

Decussation

DecussatepartlyopticNChiasmaOptictractSummaryDefinitionsofNSneuron(axon,dendrite,cellbody)greymatter,nuclei,ganglionwhitematter,tract,(pathway)decussation

OverviewofCNSBrain&SpinalCordcallosumcerebellum

MedullaPonsmidbrainhemispheresdiencephalonthalamushypothalamusMediansagittalsectionofbrainshowingtheprincipalsubdivisionandsomeimportantlandmarksinbrainTelencephalon

DiencephalonBrainstemcerebellumspinalcord&spinalnerves

2enlargementsconusmedullaristerminalfilumcaudaequinaSpinalcordTransversesectionsofspinalcordSpinalcord:externalfeaturesSpinalcord:externalfeaturesNervesconnectedtospinalcord:Dorsal&ventralrootsDorsal&ventralramiStructuresofspinalcordSulcus:ventralmedianfissure,dorsalmedianGraymatter:anteriorhorn,posteriorhorn,lateralhorns,commissureCentralcanalSpinalnerves

AnteriorrootismotorPosteriorrootissensoryAnteriorandposteriorrootsunitedtoformspinalnerveattheIVforamen.Spinaln

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