英語四級考試：2019年06月考試真題和答案解析第2套

英語四級考試：2019年06月考試真題和答案解析[第2套]PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourcampus,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetＩwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Theycameinfivedifferentcolors.B.Theyweregoodvalueformoney.C.Theywereaverygooddesign.D.Theyweres01doutveryquickly.2.A.Askherroommatenottospeakloudlyonthephone.B.Askherroommatetomakeherphonecallsoutside.C.Goandfindaquieterplacetoreviewherlessons.D.Reportherproblemtothedormmanagement.3.A.Thewashingmachineistotallybeyondrepair.B.HewillhelpWendyprepareherannualreport.C.Wendyshouldgiveprioritytowritingher.report.D.Thewashingmachineshouldbecheckedannually.4.A.Themanfelldownwhenremovingthepainting.B.Thewallwillbedecoratedwithanewpainting.C.Thewomanlikesthepaintingonthewall.D.Thepaintingisnowbeingreframed.5.A.Itmustbemissing.B.Itwasleftintheroom.C.Themantookittothemarket.D.Sheplaceditonthedressingtable.6.A.Gotoaplay.B.MeetJanet.C.Booksometickets.D.Haveaget-together.7.A.Oneboxofbooksisfoundmissing.B.Someoftheboxesarrivedtoolate.C.Replacementshavetobeordered.D.Someofthebooksaredamaged.8.A.ThemanwillpickupProfessorJohnsonatheroffice.B.ThemandidnotexpectIrispapertobegradedtoosoon.C.ProfessorJohnsonhasgiventhemanaveryhighgrade.D.ProfessorJohnsonwilltalktoeachstudentinheroffice.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A.Tobuyapresentforhisfriendwhoisgettingmarried.B.Tofindoutthecostforacompletesetofcookware.C.Toseewhathecouldaskhisfriendstobuyforhim.D.Tomakeinquiriesaboutthepriceofanelectriccooker.10.A.Toteachhimhowtousethekitchenware.B.Todiscusscookingexperienceswithhim.C.Totellhimhowtopreparedeliciousdishes.D.Torecommendsuitablekitchenwaretohim.11.A.Therearesomanydifferentsortsofknives.B.Cookingdevicesaresuchpracticalpresents.C.Amixercansavesomuchtimeinmakingcakes.D.Saucepansandfryingpansareamustinthekitchen.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Somenewproblemsinherwork.B.Cooperationwithaninternationalbank.C.Herchanceforpromotioninthebank.D.Herintentiontoleaveherpresentjob.13.A.TheWorldBank.B.BankofWashington.C.AU.S.financecorporation.D.AninvestmentbankinNewYork14.A.Supervisingfinancialtransactions.B.Takingchargeofpublicrelations.C.Makingloanstoprivatecompaniesindevelopingcountries.D.OfferingservicetointernationalcompaniesintheUnitedStates.15.A.Itisafirstmajorsteptorealizingthewoman'sdream.B.Itisanhonorforthewomanandherpresentemployer.C.Itisalossforhercurrentcompany.D.Itisreallybeyondhisexpectation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Carryoutathoroughcheckup.B.Trytokeepthegastankfull.C.Keepextragasinreserve.D.Fillupthewatertank.17.A.Attemptingtoleaveyourcartoseekhelp.B.Openingawindowabittoletinfreshair.C.Runningtheengineeverynowandthen.D.Keepingtheheateronforalongtime.18.A.Itexhaustsyouphysically.B.Itmakesyoufallasleepeasily.C.Itcausesyoutolosebodyheat.D.Itconsumestoomuchoxygen.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Theyareverygenerousingivinggifts.B.Theyrefusegiftswhendoingbusiness.C.Theyregardgiftsasatokenoffriendship.D.Theygivegiftsonlyonspecialoccasions.20.A.Theyenjoygivinggiftstootherpeople.B.Theyspendalotoftimechoosinggifts.C.Theyhavetofollowmanyspecificrules.D.Theypayattentiontothequalityofgifts.21.A.Gift-givingplaysanimportantroleinhumanrelationships.B.Wemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivinggifts.C.Wemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingabroad.D.Readingextensivelymakesoneabettergift-giver.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.ItreflectsAmericanpeople'sviewofFrenchpolitics.B.ItisfirstpublishedinWashingtonandtheninParis.C.ItexplainsAmericanpoliticstotheFrenchpublic.D.ItispopularamongFrenchgovernmentofficials.23.A.WorkonhercolumnB.Dohouseworkathome.C.Entertainherguests.D.Goshoppingdowntown.24.A.Toreporttohernewspaper.B.TorefreshherFrench.C.Tovisitherparents.D.Tomeetherfriends.25.A.ShemightberecalledtoFrance.B.Shemightchangeherprofession.C.ShemightcloseherMondaycolumnD.Shemightbeassignedtoanewpost.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejusthoard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heisconsidered(26)__________untilthecourtprovesthepersonisguilty.Toarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeen(27)__________Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestation,wherethenameofthepersonandthe(28)__________againsthimareformallylisted.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailor(29)__________.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourt(30)__________runaway,hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail(保釋金).Atthistime,too,thejudgewill(31)___________acourtlawyertodefendthesuspectifhecan'taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney'sofficeMpresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Theattorneymaypresent(32)__________aswellaswitnesses.Thejudgethendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasonto(33)__________TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepis(34)__________toprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethe(35)__________oftheAmericangovernment.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank_fromalisto.fchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefactis,theworldhasbeenfindinglessoilthanithasbeenusingformorethantwentyyearsnow.Notonlyhasdemandbeen36,buttheoilwehavebeenfindingiscomingfromplacesthatare37toreach.Atthesametime,moreofthisnewly38oilisofthetypethatrequiresagreaterinvestmentto39.Andbecausedemandforthispreciousresourcewillgrow,accordingtosome,byover40percentby2025,fuelingtheworld'seconomic40willtakealotmoreenergyfromeverypossiblesource.Theenergyindustryneedstogetmorefromexistingfieldswhilecontinuingtosearchfornew41.Automakersmustcontinuetoimprovefuelefficiencyandperfecthybrid(混合動力的)vehicles.Technologicalimprovementsareneededsothatwind,solarandhydrogencanbemore42partsoftheenergyequation.Governmentsneedtoformulateenergypoliciesthatpromote43andenvironmentallysounddevelopment.Consumersmustbewillingtopayforsomeofthesesolutions,whilepracticingconservationeffortsoftheirown.Inactionisnotan44.Solet'sworktogethertobalancethisequation.Wearetakingsomeofthe45neededtogetstarted,butweneedyourhelptogotherestoftheway.A.consequently B.cultivateC.declining D.derivedE.difficult F.discoveredG.economically H.exceptionI.feasible J.growthK.option L)refineM.reserves N.soaringO.steps SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ICry,ThereforeIAm.A)In2008,ataGermanzoo,agorilla(大猩猩)namedGanagavebirthtoamaleinfant,whodiedafterthreemonths.PhotographsofGana,lookingstrickenandinconsolable(傷心欲絕的),attractedcrowdstothezoo.Sadasthescenewas,thehumans,notGana,weretheonlyonescrying.Thenotionthatanimalscanweephasnoscientificbasis.YearsofobservationsbybiologistsDianFossey,whoobservedgorillas,andJaneGoodall,whoworkedwithchimpanzees(黑猩猩),couldnotprovethatanimalscrytearsfromemotion.B)It'struethatmanyanimalsshedtears,especiallyinresponsetopain.Tearsprotecttheeyebykeepingitmoist.Butcryingasanexpressionoffeelingistmiquetohumansandhasplayedanessentialroleinhumanevolutionandthedevelopmentofhumancultures.C)Withintwodaysaninfantcanimitatesadandhappyfaces.Ifaninfantdoesnotcryout,itisunlikelytogettheattentionitneedstosurvive.Around34months,therelationshipbetweenthehumaninfantanditsenvironmenttakesonamoreorganizedcommtmicativerole,andtearfulcryingbeginstoserveinterpersonalpurposes:thesearchforcomfortandpacification(撫慰).Aswegetolder,cryingbecomesatoolofsocialinteraction:griefandjoy,shameandpride,fearandmanipulation.D)Tearsareasuniversalaslaughter,andgriefismorecomplexthanjoy.Butalthoughweallcry,wedosoindifferentways.Womencrymorefrequentlyandintenselythanmen,especiallywhenexposedtoemotionalevents.Likecrying,depressionis,aroundtheworld,morecommonlyseeninwomenthaninmen.Oneexplanationmightbethatwomen,whodespitedecadesofsocialadvancesstillsufferfromeconomicinequality,discrimination(歧視)andevenviolence,mighthavemoretocryabout.Mennotonlycryforshorterperiodsthanwomen,buttheyalsoarelessinclinedtoexplaintheirtears,usuallyshedthemmorequietly,andtendmorefrequentlytoapologizewhentheycryopenly.Men,likewomen,reportcryingatthedeathofalovedoneandinresponsetoamovingreligionsexperience.Theyaremorelikelythanwomentocrywhentheircoreidentities--asprovidersandprotectors,asfathersandfighters--arequestioned.E)Peoplewhoscoreonpersonalitytestsasmoresympatheticcrymorethanthosewhoaremorerigidorhavemoreself-control.Frequencyofcryingvarieswidely:someshedtearsatanynovelormovie,othersonlyahandfuloftimesintheirlives.Cryinginresponsetostressandconflictinthehome,orafteremotionaltrauma(創(chuàng)傷),lastsmuchlongerthantearsinducedbyeverydaysadness--whichinturnlastlongerthantearsofdelightandjoy.F)Sadnessisourprimaryassociationwithcrying,butthefactisthatpeoplereportfeelinghappieraftercrying.Surveysestimatethat85%ofwomenand73%ofmenreportfeelingbetteraftersheddingtears.Surprisingly,cryingismorecommonlyassociatedwithminorformsofdepressionthanwithmajordepressioninvolvingsuicidalthoughts.G)Peoplewidelyreportthatcryingrelievestension,restoresemotionalbalanceandprovides"catharsis,"awashingoutofbadfeelings.Theterm"catharsis"hasreligiousimplicationsofremovingevilandsin;it'snosurprisethatreligiousceremoniesare,aroundtheworld,oneofthemainsettingsforthereleaseoftears.H)Cryingisanearlyuniversalsignofgrief,thoughsomemournersreportthat,despitegenuinesorrow,theycannotshedtears--sometimesevenforyearsaftertheirlovedonehasgone.Unliketoday,whentheprivacyofgriefismorerespected,thepublicorceremonialsheddingoftears,atthegravesideofaspouseorthefuneralofakingorqueen,wasonceconsideredsociallyorevenpoliticallyessential.I)Cryinghasalsoservedothersocialpurposes.RousseauwroteinhisConfessionsthatwhileheconsideredtearsthemostpowerfulexpressionoflove,healsojustlikedtocryovernothing.J)Theassociationoftearswitharthasancientroots.TheclassicGreektragediesofthefifthcenturyB.C.wereprimarilycelebrationsofgods.Tragedies,likepoetryandmusic,werestagedreligionsevents.Eventhenitwasrecognizedthatcryinginresponsetodramabroughtpleasure.K)Ihavearguedthatthereareneurobiological(神經(jīng)生物方面的)associationslinkingtheartsandmooddisorders.WhenIlectureoncrying,Iaskmyaudiencetoletmeknow,byashowofhands,whichartformsmostmovethemtotears.About80%saymusic,followedcloselybynovels(74%),butthenthefiguresfallsharply,to43%,forpoetry,and10-22%forpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.L)Thephysicalactofcryingismainlyoneofbreathinginair,whichiswhywechokeupwhenweweep.Thissuggeststolanguagescientiststhatemotionalcryingevolvedbeforelanguage,perhapsexplainingwhytearscommunicatestatesofmindandfeelingsthatareoftensodifficulttoexpressinwords.Ofcourse,fromanevolutionaryperspective,recognitionofemotion(usuallythroughfacialgesture)wasessentialforsurvival.M)Theearliesthumansarrivedsevetalmillionyearsago,butonly150,000to200,000yearsago,didcultures,language,religionandtheartsarise.Alongtheway,tearsbecamemorethanabiologicalnecessitytolubricate(潤滑)theeyeanddevelopedintoasignofintenseemotionandasignalofsocialbonding.Thedevelopmentofself-consciousnessandthenotionofindividualidentity,orego;storytellingabouttheoriginsoftheworld,thecreationofhumanityandlifeafterdeath;andtheabilitytofeelothers'sadness--allwerecriticalpartsoftheneurobiologicalchangesthatmadeushumanN)Morerecently,we'velearnedfromneurosciencethatcertainbraincircuits(回路)areactivated(激活),rapidlyandunconsciously,whenweseeanotherinemotionaldistress.Inshort,ourbrainevolvedcircuitstoallowustoexperiencesympathy,whichinturnmadecivilization,andanethicsbasedonsympathy,possible.Sothenexttimeyoureachatissuebox,orsobonafriend'sshoulder,orshedtearsatthemovies,stopandreflectonwhywecryandwhatitmeanstocry.Becanseultimately,whilewelovetocry,wealsocrytolove.46.Nowadayspeoplerespecttheprivacyofgriefmorethaninthepast.47.Infantscrytoattractattentionforsurvival.48.Thereisnoscientificevidenceasyetthatanimalscanshedtearsfromemotion.49.Tearscanperformcertaincommunicativefunctiouswhichwordscannot.50.Ourabilitytoexperiencesympathyisessentialtothedevelopmentofcivilization.51.Peoplearemoreinclinedtocrywhensufferingminorformsofdepression.52.Sometimespeoplecannotcrydespitegenuinegrief.53.Inhumans'longhistory,tearshavedevelopedanessentialroleinsocialrelationships.54.Menarelesslikelytogivereasonsfortheirtears.55.Cryinghaslongbeenassociatedwithart.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C.andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutblemperhapsbestdescribedas"distracteddoctoring."Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices."Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,"saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter."Mygutfeeling(本能的感覺islivesareindanger,"saidDr.Papadakos."We'renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit'sgettingworse."Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,"Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous."Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra(信條)ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare."butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?A.Toreducemedicalerror.B.Tocopewithemergencies.C.Tofacilitateadministration.D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?A.Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.C.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology.B.Doctor'sinteractionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives.C.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals'revenues.C.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.D.Patients'datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.60.WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors?A.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.B.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox(矛盾的現(xiàn)象)weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Intemetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieorgramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic(勤奮工作)asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofw