2015年中考英語研討會共8份閱讀理解

專題：閱讀理解學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求河池考試分析201220132014閱讀理解1

﹑概括主旨和大意要求學(xué)生認(rèn)真閱讀全文，了解文章作者寫作目的。可能有①.干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。②干擾項(xiàng)可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。③.干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全?！獭桃?、課標(biāo)解讀及河池考試分析閱讀理解201

201

20142

3√√√﹑獲取具體細(xì)節(jié)信息能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息。要求考生認(rèn)真閱讀短文，注意細(xì)節(jié)信息！可能是時間，地點(diǎn)數(shù)量方面的數(shù)據(jù)變化及推斷！﹑根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義要求考生能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義推斷生詞的意義?！獭涕喿x理解2012201320144﹑推測詞意句意考查學(xué)生能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系；√√√5

﹑推斷隱含意義能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局；√√√6、理解作者的意圖﹑觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度要求考生理解寫作的目的，中心思想，人物事件，論點(diǎn)論據(jù)要做到心中有數(shù)?！獭獭涕喿x理解占中考試分值為40分，可以說是考生奪分最激烈的一個專題！2012年和

2013年分別有一篇還原短文，這更要求學(xué)生反復(fù)閱讀短文，層層深入，理解短文段落間的具有承上啟下作用的句子！通常以環(huán)保、禮儀、寓言、家庭教育、舍己為人弘揚(yáng)正能量及青少年的行為規(guī)范題材的短文！預(yù)計(jì)今年還是以這些范圍為主線！二、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:What

does

the

writer

mainly

tell

us?What’s

the

main

idea

of this

text?Which

of

the

following

best

expresses

the

mainidea?Which

isthe

subject

discussed

in

the

text?The

main

idea

of

the

passage

is…What’s

the

best

title

for

this

passage?解題原則：1.

忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。2.文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。3.

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,

who,

which,

where,how,why

等。在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：Which

of

the

following

statement

istrue?Which

of

the

following

is

not

mentioned

in

the

text?3)According

to

the

passage,

all

of

the

following

aretrue

EXCEPT…4）According

to

the

passage,

when

(

where,

why,

how,who,

what,

which,

etc.)

?3、詞義猜測型同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。反義法

如

hot

and

cold,

give

and

receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。釋義法

對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。情景推斷法、代詞替代法等做題要領(lǐng)

1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4、推理判斷型推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及

態(tài)度等。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassage

implies

(暗示)

that

.We

can

conclude

(得出結(jié)論)

from

the

passagethat

.Which

of

the

following

can

be

inferred(推論)?What

is

the

purpose(目的)ofthis

passage?Thepassageisintendedto

.We

can

learn

from

this

passage

that

We

can

conclude

from

the

passage

that

It

can

be

seen

from

the

passage

that

四、典型例題2011年C篇Some

people

thinkonly

school

childrendo

not

agreewith

theirparents,however,it

is

not

true.Communication

is

a

problem

for

parentsandchildren

of

all

ages.

If

it’s

hard

for

you

tocommunicate

with

your

parents,

don’t

worryabout

it.Here

aresome

adviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap(代溝).Don’t

argue(爭辯)with

your

parents.

Don’t

getto

your

parents

when

you

areangry.Your

parentsprobably

won’t

consider

your

ideas

if

you

areshouting

at

them.

And

you

can’t

express

yourselfwell

if

you

are

angry.Go

someplace

to

cool

off.Make

sure

you

understand

why

you

areunhappy.Then

think

about

what

you

want

to

say

to

yourparents.

If

you

don’t

think

you

can

speak

to

themat

the

moment,

try

writing

aletter.Try

to

reach

a

compromise(和解).Perhapsyou

and

your

parents

disagree

on

something.You

can

keep

your

disagreement

and

try

yourbest

to

accept

each

other.Michael’s

motherdidn’t

agree

with

him

about

buying

amotorcycle.

They

argued

over

it.

But

theyfinally

came

to

a

compromise.

Michael

boughtthe

motorcycle,

butonlydroveit

oncertaindays.Of

course,

your

parents

might

refusetocompromise

on

something.In

these

situations,it

is

especially

important

to

show

love

andrespect(尊敬)to

them.

Showing

respect

willkeep

your

relationship

strong.Talk

about

your

values.

The

values

of

yourparents

are

probably

different

from

thoseofyour

own.

Tell

your

parents

what

you

careabout,

and

why.

Understanding

your

valuesmight

help

them

see

your

purposes

in

life.A

good

relationship

with

your

parents

canmake

you

a

better

and

happier

person.

Itisworth

having

a

try!(

D )

56.

According

tothe

passage

who

haveacommunication

problem?（細(xì)節(jié)題:考查把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。）B.

only

school

kids

andD.

parentsand

childrenofA.

parents

and

otherpeopletheir

parentsC.

teachers

andtheir

studentsall

ages(

C

)

57.

How

manypieces

of

advice

does

thewriter

give

usto

bridge

the

generation

gap?（主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）A.

5. B.

4. C.

3. D.2.(

B )

58.

The

underlined

word

“bridge”

in

thepassagemeans

“

”.（猜測題:考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。）A.

建立

B.

消除

C.

通過

D.

到達(dá)(

D )

59.

If

the

values

of

your

parents

are

differentfromthoseofyours,you’dbetter

.A.

argue

with

them B.

keep

away

from

themC.

agree

with

them

all

the

time D.

tell

yourparentswhat

you

careabout(

B )

60.

The

best

title

for

thepassageis

.（主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）A.

How

to

bridge

the

generation

gap

B.How

to

deal

with

family

problemsC.

How

to

be

good

parents D.

How

tobe

a

good

child2010年D篇Happiness

is

important

foreveryone.Most

people

want

to

be

happy

butfew

know

how

to

find

happiness.Moneyand

success

don’t

bring

lasting

happiness.Happiness

depends

on

ourselves.

In

otherwords,

we

make

our

own

happiness.Some

people

believe

that

if

they

are

wealthy,

they

willbeabletodo

anythingtheywant,

which

meanshappiness.On

theother

hand,some

peoplebelieve

thatholdingahigh

position

in

the

government

is

happiness.

In

thisway,you

have

not

only

money,

but

also

many

other

thingswhich

can’t

be

bought

by

money.

However,

other

peoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholding

a

high

position

in

the

government.

These

peoplevalue(重視)theirbeliefs,or

theirintelligence,ortheirhealth.

They

think

these

can

make

them

happy.Here

are

a

few

ways

to

help

you

behappier.The

first

secret

of

happiness

is

to

enjoy

the

simplethings

in

life.

Too

often,

we

spend

so

much

timethinking

aboutthe

future,

forexample,

getting

intocollege

or

getting

a

good

job,

that

we

don’t

enjoy

thepresent.

You

should

enjoy

life’s

simple

pleasures,

suchasreading

agood

book,

listening

to

your

favoritemusic,

or

spending

time

with

close

friends.

People

whohave

close

friends

usually

enjoy

happier

and

healthierlives.The

second

secret

ofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeople

go

dancing

or

play

sports.

People

can

forgetabouttheirproblems

andonly

thinkabouttheactivities.Finally,

many

people

find

happiness

in

helping

others.According

to

studies,

people

feel

good

when

theyvolunteer

their

time

to

do

many

meaningful

things

forother

people.

If

you

want

to

feel

happier,

do

somethingnice

for

someone.

You

can

help

a

friend

with

his

or

herstudies,

go

shopping

to

get

food

for

an

old

neighbor,

orsimply

help

around

the

house.Now

maybe

you

knowhow

to

find

happiness!(

D

)61.

The

underlined

word

“wealthy”

means“

”

in

the

article.（猜測題:考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。）A.pleased B.

healthy C.

excitedD.

rich(

A

)62.Some

people

who

holda

high

position

inthegovernmentthinktheycan

.（細(xì)節(jié)題:考查把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。）get

money

and

something

they

can’t

buywithmoneydo

what

they

want

to

do

at

any

timeenjoy

health

which

makes

them

work

hardtake

an

active

part

in

all

kinds

ofactivitieseveryday(

C

)63.

The

writer

thinks

the

secret

of

happiness

is

thatpeople

.（推理題:事實(shí)推斷，這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。）A.

thinkaboutgettingagoodjob B.

thinkofpresentsthey

don’t

likeC.

often

spend

timewith

closefriends D.

oftenspend

time

on

entering

thecollege(

B

)64.

Many

people

find

it

happy

to

.remember

the

old

days

and

troublesdo

some

meaningful

things

for

othersgo

shopping

to

buy

somefoodmake

much

money

and

little

success(

A

)65.

The

passage

mainly

tells

us

.（主旨題：考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。）how

tofindhappinesshow

tosavehappinesstodo

something

good

forothersto

value

our

beliefs

or

health那么，如何做好閱讀理解呢﹖除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)