重慶市萬(wàn)州二中高三下學(xué)期第三次診斷測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（原卷版）

萬(wàn)州二中2023年高三下期第三次診斷測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題考生須知：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚;2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，在試卷上作答無(wú)效;3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回;4.全卷共11頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Worktogether.B.Waitforataxi.C.Gotoarestaurant.2.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theperformancesweren’tgoodB.ShelostherwatchlastnightC.Shewaslatefortheperformance3.Whatisthepeoplemainlytalkabout?A.AmericanliteratureB.Elementaryeducation.C.Children’sliterature.4WhatwentonatCooper’slastnight?A.Amovieshow.B.Abirthdayparty.C.Asalespromotion.5.Howmuchmoneydidthespeakersmake?A.$500.B.Lessthan$500.C.Morethan$500.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.A.Ellen’sdeterminationtofulfillachildhooddream.B.Ellen’sabilitytoputherexperienceintowords.C.Ellen’sscientificandtechnicskills.7.A.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldhaveexperienceasaeroplanepilots.B.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldhavemorethanoneuniversitydegree.C.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldbeaspecificheight.8.A.Spacewalking.B.Workinginmissioncontrol.C.Copingwithunexpectedproblems.9.A.Doastudyofthefirstpeopleinspace.B.DoaprojectonEllenOchoaaspartoftheirsciencecoursework.C.Findoutmoreaboutthecurrentstateofspaceresearch.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Whoisthewoman?A.David’sclassmate.B.David’sdoctor.C.David’steacher.11.WhendoesDavidusuallygotobedrecently?A.Aroundninethirty.B.Aroundteno’clock.C.Aroundeleveno’clock.12.Whatdidthemanpromise?A.HewouldtakeDavidtoschool.B.Hewouldchangehisbadhabit.C.HewouldhelpDavidwithhisstudies.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。13.A.Trynottothinkofapolarbear.B.Trytoposeasapolarbear.C.Stopthinkingabouttheirfeet.14.A.Thosewhowereinformedofthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Thosewhoweretoldtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.C.Thosewhowereaskednottothinkofawhitebearfromthebeginning.15.A.Therewillbegreaterchanceofuscontrollingthethoughts.B.Olddoubtswillbemorelikelytocometothesurface.C.Wewillbebotheredmorelikelybythethoughts.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。16Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter?A.Hecanmovefast.B.Hewasborndisabled.CHewilltravelaroundtheworld.17.Howdoesthemanfindthewriter?A.Encouraging.B.Strange.C.Stupid.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。18.WhatwillMillie’smotherreceiveforherbirthday?A.Ashirt.B.Askirt.C.Asmallcake.19.Whowillcookthespecialdinner?A.Millie’smother.B.Millie’sfriend.C.Millie.20.Wherewillthespeakersgothisafternoon?A.Toabakery.B.Toagrocerystore.C.Toagiftshop.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASeniorEnglishnewseditorsandreportersJobdescription:ResponsibleforwritingnewsstoriesandcommentsinEnglishandeditingstoriesTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havemasterdegreesinjournalism,masscommunications,internationalpolitics,economics,foreignlanguagesandotherrelatedmajors,andoverseasstudyexperiencepreferred;2.Haveastrongnewssensitivity,excellentEnglishskillsinlistening,oralcommunication,readingcomprehension,writingandtranslation,andbeabletoindependentlyconductinterviewsandwritenewsstoriesinEnglish;3.Havegoodcommunication,newsplanning,teamworkskills,beabletoadapttobusinesstripsandworknightshiftsunderhighworkingpressure.Englishvideoeditors/reportersJobdescription:Videoprogramplanning,videoshootingandediting,andvideoplatformoperationTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havegoodskillsintheuseofvariousshootingequipment,editingsoftwaresuchasPremiere,FinalCut,AfterEffects,canindependentlyconductinterviews,shootandeditnewsvideos;2.Befamiliarwithdomesticandforeignvideoplatforms,browsingalargenumberofshortvideoprogramsfromhomeandabroad;3.Havestrongcommunicationskills,beabletoadapttogreaterworkpressure,havestrongteamworkability;4.Candidatesareabletoworkunderhighworkingpressure.ArtdesignersJobdescription:Pagedesign,chartdesignandposterdesignTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havebachelordegreesinart,visualcommunication,andotherrelatedfields.2.Beabletoindependentlycompletedesigntasksunderhighworkingpressure,havegoodunderstandingandcommunicationskills.3.HaveproficiencyinusingInDesign,Photoshop,Illustratorandotherdesignsoftware;4.Candidatesareabletoadapttohighworkingpressure.PleasesendyourCVorresumetozhaopinbianji@,withthesubjectoftheemailindicatingsourceofrecruitmentinformation+yourname+positionsought.1.IfyouwanttoapplyforEnglishvideoeditors,youareexpectedtobegoodat_______.APhotoshop B.Illustrator C.Premiere D.InDesign2.Whatdoestherequirementsofcandidateshaveincommon?A.TheyshouldspeakfluentEnglish. B.Theyshouldbrowseforeignwebsites.C.Theycouldworknightshifts. D.Theycouldworkunderhighworkingpressure.3.Whichnewsagencyputupthisadvertisement?A.GlobalTimes B.ChinaDaily C.TheTimes D.WashingtonPostBTheAmericancompanyWalmartisofferingsomethingnewtoitsemployees:helpwithearningacollegedegree.Walmartsaidtheprogramisopentobothfull-timeandpart-timeworkerswhohavebeenwiththecompanyforatleast90days.WalmartisthelargestprivateemployerintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,thecompanyhashelpeditsworkersfinishhighschoolorpasstheGeneralEducationalDevelopment,orGEDexam,whichisdesignedtoshowone’sknowledgeofhighschool-levelskills.Walmarthopesthenewchancetoearnacollegedegreewillhelpitfindandkeephigherqualityentry-level(最底層的)employeesinacompetitivemarket.WalmartispartneringwithacompanycalledGuildEducationtoofferemployeesthechancetogetabachelor’sdegree(學(xué)士學(xué)位)inbusinessorsupply-chainmanagement.Theprogramwillcostadollaradayatoneofthethreeschools:theUniversityofFlorida,BrandmanUniversityandBellevueUniversity.AllthreeuniversitieshavehadsuccessinworkingwithadultlearnersandofferprogramsthroughtheInternet.Walmartplanstodevelopitsprogramfurthertootherdegreesinthefuture.Itwillalsooffercollege-preparationclassesforworkerswhoneedextrahelp.Thecompanyispayingforthecostofclasses,booksandotherschool-relatedcostssostudentswillnotneedtoborrowmoney.Thisnewpartnershipisanexampleofhowlargeretail(零售)businessesareunderstressandhavetoimprovetheskillsoftheirentry-levelworkers.Itcomesatatimewhenthejobsofentry-levelworkersaregettingmoredifficulttodopartlybecauseofthegrowingpopularityofonlinesales.TwootherreasonsarecompetitionfromonlineretailerAmazonandmorepickybuyers.ThecompanyalsotrainsmanagersatitsWalmartTrainingAcademy,andhasaprogramforentry-levelworkers.4.WhatrequirementsyoumustmeettotakepartinWalmart’sprogram?A.PassingtheGEDexam. B.Beingabletousecomputers.C.Payingadollaradayfortheprogram. D.Workingforitforatleastthreemonths.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtheprogramruns.B.Whatemployeeswilllearn.C.WhyWalmartcarriesouttheprogram.D.Wheretheentry-levelemployeesarefrom.6.Howistheprogram?A.Risky. B.Difficult. C.Necessary. D.Puzzling.7.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Walmartworkswiththreeuniversities.B.Walmartpaysforemployees’collegedegree.C.YouneedacollegedegreetoworkforWalmart.D.Youcanreceivecollegeeducationwhileworking.CPigsmaybemoreintelligentthanpeoplethought,asshowninastudywherepigsusedajoystick(操縱桿)andplayedavideogame.Researchersused2-year-oldPanepintomicropigscalledEbonyandIvory,aswellasHamletandOmelet,3-month-oldYorkshirepigs.Researchersfirsttaughtthesepigshowtoplaywithajoystick,teachingthemtheword,“joystick”.Next,onthewords“watchthescreen”,theylearnedhowtowatchtargets(目標(biāo))onthescreen.Ofcourse,praisewasgiventotheactivepigswinningagame.Duringtheexperiment,allpigsperformedwell.Astheybecamemoresuccessful,thelevelofdifficultyincreased,justlikeinhumanvideogames!Atfirst,thepigshadtohitathree-walledtargetwhichwasthenreducedtotwowallsandthenonewall.Allpigsdidwellwiththethree-walledtargets;however,thePanepintopigsperformedbetteronthemoredifficultlevels.OnedisadvantagefortheYorkshirepigswasthattheysimplygrewsolargethattheycouldnolongerfitintheirtest.Afterafewmonths,OmeletandHamletweretakenawayfromtheexperiment.Dr.CandaceCroney,aleadinganimalbehaviorscientistinCambridge,said,“Thefindingsofthestudyareimportantbecausewhatwedotopigsmatterstothem.Itwouldbeniceforpeopletorealizehowspecialpigsare,andhowmuchmoreintelligenttheymaybethanwerecognized.Theresearcherssaidthatthepigs’actionsweredeliberate(故意的).Thisledthemtobelievethatpigswereableto,successfullydonewtasks.“Itmayencourageotherresearcherstousetouchscreensandcomputertechnologytostudypigsintelligenceinthefuture,”Croneysaid.Theteamhopesthistypeofresearchwillmakepeoplepaymoreattentiontothisfarmanimalandshowpeoplehowtheycanchangethelivesofanimals.8.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothepigsatthebeginning?A.Theystudiedtheirhabits. B.Theygavethemenoughfood.C.Theytrainedthemtoplayagame. D.Theygavethemspecialnames.9.Whatcouldwefindaboutthepigsintheexperiment?A.Theycouldkeepfocusedforalongtime.B.Theytriedhardtowinthegamesforpraise.C.Theydidallthetaskswithoutanydifficulty.D.Theygothardertasksastheirperformanceimproved.10.WhatmadeOmeletandHamletunsuitablefortheexperimentlater?A.Theirintelligence. B.Theirbodysize.C.Theirpower. D.Theirweight.11.WhatisCroney’sattitudetowardstheresultsofthestudy?A.Positive. B.Doubtful.C.Uncertain D.Surprised.DWhyisn’tsciencebetter?Lookatcareerincentives.Thereareoftensubstantialgapsbetweentheidealizedandactualversionsofthosepeoplewhoseworkinvolvesprovidingasocialgood.Governmentofficialsaresupposedtoworkfortheirconstituents.Journalistsaresupposedtoprovideunbiasedreportingandpenetratinganalysis.Andscientistsaresupposedtorelentlesslyprobethefabricofrealitywiththemostrigorousandskepticalofmethods.Alltoooften,however,whatshouldbejustisn’tso.Inanumberofscientificfields,publishedfindingsturnoutnottoreplicate(復(fù)制),ortohavesmallereffectsthan,whatwasinitiallyclaimed.Plentyofsciencedoesreplicate—meaningtheexperimentsturnoutthesamewaywhenyourepeatthem—buttheamountthatdoesn’tistoomuchforcomfort.Buttherearealsowaysinwhichscientistsincreasetheirchancesofgettingitwrong.Runningstudieswithsmallsamples,miningdataforcorrelationsandforminghypothesestofitanexperiment’sresultsafterthefactarejustsomeofthewaystoincreasethenumberoffalsediscoveries.It’snotlikewedon’tknowhowtodobetter.Scientistswhostudyscientificmethodshaveknownaboutfeasibleremediesfordecades.Unfortunately,theiradviceoftenfallsondeafears.Why?Whyaren’tscientificmethodsbetterthantheyare?Inaword:incentives.Butperhapsnotinthewayyouthink.Inthe1970s,psychologistsandeconomistsbegantopointoutthedangerinrelyingonquantitativemeasuresforsocialdecision-making.Forexample,whenpublicschoolsareevaluatedbystudents’performanceonstandardizedtests,teachersrespondbyteaching“tothetest”.Inturn,thetestserveslargelyasofhowwelltheschoolcanpreparestudentsforthetest.Wecanseethisprinciple—oftensummarizedas“whenameasurebecomesatarget,itceasestobeagoodmeasure”—playingoutintherealmofresearch.Scienceisacompetitiveenterprise.Therearefarmorecredentialed(授以證書的)scholarsandresearchersthanthereareuniversityprofessorshipsorcomparablyprestigiousresearchpositions.Oncesomeoneacquiresaresearchposition,thereisadditionalcompetitionfortenure(終身教授)grantfunding,andsupportandplacementforgraduatestudents.Duetothiscompetitionforresources,scientistsmustbeevaluatedandcompared.Howdoyoutellifsomeoneisagoodscientist?Anoft-usedmetric(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，度量)isthenumberofpublicationsonehasinpeer-reviewedjournals,aswellasthestatusofthosejournals.Metricslikethesemakeitstraightforwardtocompareresearcherswhoseworkmayotherwisebequitedifferent.Unfortunately,thisalsomakesthesenumberssusceptibletoexploitation.Ifscientistsaremotivatedtopublishoftenandinhigh-impactjournals,wemightexpectthemtoactivelytrytogamethesystem(鉆空子).Andcertainly,somedo—asseeninrecenthigh-profilecasesofscientificfraud(欺詐).Ifmalicious(惡意的)fraudistheprimeconcern,thenperhapsthesolutionissimplyheightenedalertness.However,mostscientistsare,Ibelieve,genuinelyinterestedinlearningabouttheworld,andhonest.Theproblemwithincentivesisthattheycanshapeculturalnormswithoutanyintentiononthepartofindividuals.12.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Scientistsareexpectedtopersistentlydevotedtoexplorationofreality.BTheresearchfindingsfailtoachievetheexpectedeffect.C.Hypothesesaremodifiedtohighlighttheexperiments’results.D.Theamountofsciencethatdoesreplicateiscomforting.13.Whatdoesdeafearsinthefourthparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Thepublic. B.Theincentiveinitiators.C.Thepeerresearchers. D.Thehigh-impactjournaleditors.14.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Goodscientistsexcelinseekingresourcesandsecuringresearchpositions.B.Competitionforresourcespushesresearcherstopublishinamoreproductiveway.C.Allthecredentialedscholarsandresearcherswilltakeupuniversityprofessorships.D.Thenumberofpublicationrevealshowscientistsarebitterlyexploited.15.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmightbearemedyforthefundamentalprobleminscientificresearch?A.High-impactjournalsareencouragedtoreformtheincentivesforpublication.B.Thepeer-reviewprocessissupposedtoscaleupinspectionofscientificfraud.C.Researchersaremotivatedtogetactivelyinvolvedingamingthecurrentsystem.D.Careerincentivesforscientistsareexpectedtoconsidertheirpersonalintention.第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MentalHealthCrisisAmongTeensDemandsaNewApproachSincetheCDCreleaseditssurveyresultslastmonthshowingalarminglyhighratesofsadnessanddepressivethoughtsamongteens,fingershavebeenpointedfromtwosidesatthecausesofthiscrisis.____16____.Otherssaythattoday’smoresecular(世俗的)culturehasconfusedourmostvulnerableyoungpeople.Butneithersideseemstograspthetrueurgencyoftheissue.AccordingtotheCDC’sfindings,morethanoneinfiveofthe17,000highschoolstudentssurveyedreportedmentalbreakdown.Theirratesofsadnessandhopelessnessarethehighestinadecade,reflectinganincreasingtrendexacerbatedbysociety’sisolation(隔離)andstress.____17____.Parentsaswellasteachersandotherswhohavedirectcontactwithchildrenmustacceptthispreventiveapproach.Itiscrucialthattheynotbeafraidtoaskdirectquestionsaboutdepressivethoughts.____18____.Itisalsoespeciallyimportantthatparentsunderstandwhathelpisavailabletotheirchildren.____19____.Forexample,wecandemandequityequality,whichmeansinsurancecoverage(保險(xiǎn)范圍)forbehavioralillnesseshealthissuesthatisforphysical,thusreducingthefinancialburden.Wecanalsourgeourcongressmentofundhealthprogramsandexpandmentalhealthprofessions.____20____.Putthepoliticsaside.Therearelivesinthebalance.A.Andtheyshouldresistthefalseideathatraisingaquestioncreatesariskthatwasnottherebefore.B.Thismeansthatwemustputasideourdisagreementsandapproachthisissueasamatteroflifeanddeath.C.Somehavearguedthattheclimateissuehascreatedanexistentialthreatandaccompanyinganxiety.D.Hospitalizationmayalsobeappropriatewhenthepersoninquestionshowsanimmediatedangertothemselves.E.Atthemacro(宏觀的)level,ourcountrycandosomuchmoretohelppeoplestrugglingwithmentalhealthproblemsandtheirfamilies.F.It’stimetostopblamingandturnourattentiontothisgenerationofstrugglingteenagers.G.It’stimeforthosewhohavethepowertoamplify(放大)theirvoicesanddrivechangetofocusonhelpingteenagersandfamiliesaccessthehelptheyneed.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whenitcametomoralreasoning,weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongarerational.Butultimatelytheyaregroundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthisclaimforaquarterofamillenniumwithout____21____.Time’sup!Nowscientistsarmedwithbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoraljudgment,emotionisoften____22____.HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGreenedoesbrainscansofpeopleastheystudytheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposeatrolleyisrollingdownthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullalever(杠桿)thatpushesitontoanothertrackwhere,____23____,liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,mostpeoplesay:____24____thelossoflife—a“utilitarian”(實(shí)用主義的)goal,asphilosophersputit—isthethingtodo.Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopushsomeoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebodywillbringthetrolleytoastopbeforeithitstheothers.It’sstillaone-for-five____25____,andyoustillinitiatetheactionthatdoomstheone.____26____,nowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbewrongtodothistrade-off.Why?AccordingtoGreene’sbrainscans,thesecondsituationmorethoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedto____27____thandoesthelever-pullingsituation.Apparently,theintuitivehesitationofgivingsomeoneadeadlypushismore____28____thanthehesitationofadeadlyleverpull.Furtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasestheemotionalconcerns____29____controlwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthesecondsituation,theemotionsareusuallystrongenoughtowin.Andwhentheylose,itisonlyafteratough_____30_____process.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocentmanontothetrackstakelongertoreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapproveofsmothering(悶死)acryingbabyratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswhowouldthenkillthebabyalongwithother_____31_____.Greeneexplainsthatourintuitivedisliketothekillingofaninnocentgraduallyevolvedtobecomeespeciallysensitivetovisionsofdirectphysicalattack.PrincetonphilosopherPeterSingerarguesthatweshould_____32_____ourmoralintuitions(本能)andaskwhethertheydeserverespectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe“_____33_____gene”—suchassympathythatmovestowardrelativesandfriends?Whynotworrymoreaboutpeopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwecould_____34_____relieve?Isn’titbettertosave10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-oldfatheronlifesupport?Intheabsenceofatoughdecision-makingprocess,reasonmayindeedbea(n)“_____35_____ofthepassions”.21.A.comprehension B.hesitation C.resolution D.permission22.A.reliable B.invisible C.impressive D.decisive23.A.unfortunately B.obviously C.surprisingly D.inevitably24.A.regretting B.minimizing C.justifying D.estimating25.A.struggle B.deal C.loss D.mistake26.A.Likewise B.However C.Therefore D.Moreover27.A.memory B.reason C.emotion D.sensory28.A.enduring B.obvious C.acceptable D.intense29.A.competefor B.comefrom C.takeover D.engagein30.A.self-reflecting B.decision-making C.problem-solving D.attention-calling31.A.innocents B.hostages C.relatives D.soldiers32.A.trust B.apply C.examine D.ignore33.A.superior B.stubborn C.caring D.selfish34.A.willingly B.collectively C.deliberately D.cheaply35.A.master B.advocate C.slave D.protester第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！癟hedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon’tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saysDanAriely,behaviouralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Lyingisevenconsidered_____36_____developmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,withsophisticatedplanningandattention_____37_____(require).But,formostpeople,lyinggetsincreasinglylimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.AccordingtoAriely,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainswhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantly.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(顱腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedincomplexthinking.Itsuggestedthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonesty,andafterthinkingaboutit,_____38_____(choose)thelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神經(jīng)的)rewardcenterswere_____39_____(active)whentheywonmoneywerelesslikelytobeamongthegroupofliars,andtheoppositewasseenamongthoseso-calledhabitualliars,suggestingthatlying_____40_____havetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Externalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwethinkothersarewatching.“We_____41_____asocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedon’tpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityof_____42_____happeningagain,influencingallofus,”Arielysaid.Ina2016study,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeople’sbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopletoldalie,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala,acrucialpartofthebrainthatproducesfearandguilt.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjects_____43_____(play)agameinwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.“Notonlythat,”saidArielyinaninterviewwithNationalScienceChannel,“_____44_____peopletendedtoliemorewhentheyfacednoconsequencesfordishonesty.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelies,_____45_____getbiggerovertime.”第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Ann在北京冬奧會(huì)期間提供志愿者服務(wù)，并被評(píng)為優(yōu)秀志愿者。請(qǐng)你給他寫封電子郵件，表示祝賀，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示祝賀；2.告知慶祝派對(duì)安排的相關(guān)事宜；注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearAnn,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文?！癢illyoudomeafavor,Achenyo?”Mamacalledasshelookedupfromherweaving.Besideherwasapileofwild-grassstalks(稈).Mamatookastalk,laiditalongthelengthofthehalf-finishedbag,andbegantoweave(編織).Inthecornerwerepotsofdyes(染料)she’dusetopaintthefinishedbags.“Willyougetmeso