閱讀理解之說明文-備戰(zhàn)2021年中考英語一遍過 （解析版）

考點29閱讀理解之說明文

”英語說明文"，顧名思義，就是一種以"說明、解釋"為主要表達方式的英語文體。它是對客觀事

物的性狀、特點、功能和用途等作科學解說的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文

那樣，重在闡明主張和論點論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說明文是通過解說事物、闡

明事理，使人們增長知識和技能。說明文是高考英語閱讀理解題中的重點內(nèi)容之一。說明文具有與自己特

點相適應的說明方法，因此說明文結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語多，易于拉開考生分數(shù)檔次，便于高校分層次選拔

人才。然而對于考生來說說明文抽象度高，解題難度大。高考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動植物特性、

自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性

的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說明文的命題特點，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點突破長句結(jié)構(gòu)

特點和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對其做出準確的語意理解。

說明文閱讀理解的特征

一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個方面，即who-whatT

when—where—>howtwhy。

1.who：問的是這篇文章的主體是誰？（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）

2.whal：問的是主體做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where：是在何時何地發(fā)生的？（即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how：通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？

5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做說明文閱讀理解題的時候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點，把握全文。

明二跟蹤訓練

A

Haveyouevergonetoafast-foodrestauranttoeatandgottenakid'smealthatcamewithatoy?Sometimes

thosemealshavedifferenttoysfbrboysandgirls-maybeatruckfortheboysandatoybearforthegirls.Who

decidesthatboysliketoplaywithtrucksandgirlsliketoplaywithstuffedanimals?Iknowmanyboyswholike

stuffedanimalsandlotsofgirlswhoplaywithtrucks.Whenwedecidewhatsomeonewilllikeorhowtheywillact

justbecausetheyareboysorgirls,wearestereotyping（形成模式化觀念）.

Astereotypeisagroupthatweputpeopleinto.Ourhumanbrainsdothisallthetime;it'soneofthewaysthatour

brainhaslearnedtodealwiththeworld.Weseesomeoneandputthatpersonintoagroup-forexample,theoldor

theyoung,aboyoragirl.Isthatabadthing?No,it'snot.

Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidlybecausewemayhavehada

similarexperiencebefore.Theuseofstereotypesisamajorwayinwhichwesimplifyoursocialworld;sincetheycut

downtheamountofprocessing(i.e.thinking)wehavetodowhenwemeetanewperson.

Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.Itmakesusienoredifferencesbetweeneach

singleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthepeopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.

Whenwestereotype,wethinkofagroupandgiveeveryoneinthatgroupcertaincharacteristics.Forexample,

thefastfoodrestaurantbelievedthatallboysliketoplaywithvehiclesandallgirlsprefertoyanimals.Theydidthat

basedonlyonwhethertheywereboysorgirls.

Stereotypesareproblemswhenbeliefsthatpeoplehaveaboutgroupsarenotnecessarilytrue.Haveyouever

heardanyonesaythat"Menarebetterdriversthanwomen"?Statementslikethistakeagroupofpeopleandgiveallof

themthesamebehaviorsorcharacteristics.Iknowmenwhoaregooddrivers,andIknowwomenwhoaregood

drivers.Itsnotfairtojudgeallpeopleinagroupbyastereotype.Weneedtorememberthateveryoneinthegroupis

anindividualwhohasdifferentabilities,interests,strengthsandbehaviors.

30.Theexampleofdifferenttoysforboysandgirlsismentionedtoshowthat.

A.boysandgirlspreferdifferenttoys

B.boysandgirlsaretreatedunfairly

C.peoplesometimesmixchildren'slikes

D.peoplehavefixedideasonthings

31.Whichofthefollowingstereotypesisuseful?

A.Makingfriendsbyhisappearance.

B.Boysdobetterinsciencethangirls.

C.Youtheasilydounreasonablethings.

D.Redsignsontheroadwarnusofdanger.

32.Theunderlinedword"ignore"inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.failtonoticeB.failtotrustC.failtosearchD.failtoface

33.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutstereotyping?

A.Stereotypingislikeacoinwhichhastwosides.

B.Ithelpsourbrainlearntodealwithsimilarsituations.

C.Judgingpeoplebystereotypingthemmakesthingshard.

D.Tryingtolearnaboutandformsomekindsofthemstereotypes.

【答案】30.D31.D32.A33,A

【解析】模式化觀念就是我們把人們放在某一個群體里，產(chǎn)生固有印象。模式化觀念既有優(yōu)點，也有缺點。

優(yōu)點是它能使我們迅速處理各種情況，簡化社會世界；缺點是它會讓我們忽視每個個體之間的差異。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者先從生活中的事例出發(fā)，目的是給讀者引出模式化觀念這

一概念，然后對它進行具體的介紹。D選項符合文意，故選D。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，模式化觀念的一個優(yōu)點是使我們根據(jù)以前的相似

經(jīng)歷，快速處理各種情況。結(jié)合生活常識可知，紅色會起到警告的作用，D選項符合文意，故選D。A、B

和C三項都是模式化觀念產(chǎn)生的不好的影響。

【32題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境"Itmakesusignoredifferencesbetweeneachsingleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthe

peopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.v"它使我們每個個體之間的差異，認為一個群

體里所有人都是一樣的”，由此可猜測ignore意為“忽視”，即“沒能注意到……”，故選Ac

[33題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，這里介紹了模式化觀念的優(yōu)點；再根據(jù)第四段

^Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.可知，模式化觀念也有缺點。A選項“每個

硬幣都有兩面”符合文意，故選A。B和C兩個選項太片面；D選項不符合文意。

B

SouthChinaMallShoppingCoupons（優(yōu)惠券）

SixHoursfreeparking

Ifyouspend￥100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.Takethiscoupontothe

servicedeskonthefourthfloortostamp（蓋章）！

Buyone,getonefree

BuyoneshirtortieatDaniel'sMenswear,andgetanothershirtortieofthesamevaluefree.Hurry!Offerends

November14.Offerlimitedtoonepercustomer.

WinaYl,000CDCollection

Winyourchoiceof￥1,000worthofCDsfromDJMusicStore.JustbuyanytwoCDsandyournamewillgo

intothecompetition.Chooseyourownprizefromourmanykindsofrock,pop,jazz,andclassicalmusic.

10%Off

ShowthiscouponattheBookStoretogeta10%offonanybooksyoubuy.Wehavelotsofbookstochoose

from,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravelguides.You'resuretofindsomethingthatyouwillenjoy.

Freesoftdrink

Buyanymealforatleast￥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.Weservethebesthamburgersand

snacksinthemall.Comeinandtryourdeliciousmealsandourexcellentservice.Youwon'tbedisappointed!

Half-pricemovietickets

Buyanyfull-pricemovieticketonTuesdayorWednesday,andyoucanbuyasecondticketforafriendforonly

ahalfprice.Thelatestmoviesareallhere.

21.IfyouspendY100ormoreinthestore,youcanget.

A.afreeshirtB.afreestamp

C.afreebookD.acouponoffreeparking

22.IfyougototheBookStore,youcanchoose.

A.shirtsB.mealsC.Children'sbooksD.movietickets

23.Lindawantstohaveafreesoftdrink,shecangoto.

A.Mike'sCafeB.Daniel'sMenswear

C.theBooksStoreD.DJMusicStore

【答案】21.D22.C23.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了華南購物廣場優(yōu)惠券的一些信息和情況。

[21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1大段**IfyouspendY100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.,,

如果你消費100元以上在我們商店，你能享受6個小時的免費停車?？芍?，故選D。

[22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4大段“Wehavelotsofbookstochoosefrom,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravel

guides."我們有很多書籍可以選擇，包括兒童書，小說和旅游指南?？芍?，故選C。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5大段"Buyanymealforatleast￥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.”在

M汰e，sCa隹可以享受免費的不含酒精的飲料?？芍蔬xA。

C

YouAreWhatYouEat

Genetic（基因的）engineeringisthescientificchangeofthegeneticmaterialinalivingthing.Itallowsscientists

toidentifyspecificgenes,toremovethemfromalivingthing'schromosomes（染色體）,improvethem,analyzethem,

andpossiblyclonethem,andtothenreinsertthechangedgeneintotheoriginallivingthing,oracompletelydifferent

livingthings.Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖）,whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesamekindofliving

things,geneticengineeringcaninsertdesiredonesintolivingthingsofdifferentkinds.Wow...didyoucatchthat?

Geneticengineeringcreatesmanypositivecontributionstoagriculture.Forexample,bygeneticallyengineered

（GE）foods,anti-canceragents,mineralsandvitaminscanbeincreased.Improvedtaste,shelflife,andbettertransport

areallpossible.Also,GEplantscanincreasepestandbacterialresistance（抵抗力）,therefore,makingthefoodsafe

fortheconsumers.

Butsomearguethatthepossiblenegativeeffectsoutweighthepositives,andcriticsarestartingtovoicetheir

worries.UnlikeEurope,intheUnitedStateslabeling（貝占標簽）isnotrequiredongeneticallyengineeredfoodsoron

foodsthatcontaingeneticallyengineeredproducts.MostAmericansdonotrealizethattheyare,infact,eatingGE

foods.

Thepublicisalsoconcernedabouttheunknownhealthrisks.Withlimitedunderstandingofgenes,scientists

cannotpredictpossibleeffects.BecausemostgenesintroducedintoGEplantscomefromsourcesnotintroducedinto

thehumanbody,itisimpossibletoknowiftheywillcausereactions.Moreover,duetothelackoflabeling,ifallergies

（過敏）develop,itwillbeextremelydifficulttofindtheoriginofthem.

Thereisalsoamajormoralquestioninmanyminds.Formany,theconflictisnotifitissafeornot,butitdisturbs

thembecauseitisunnaturalandunnecessary.Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffood

neededtofeedtheworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.SoGEfoodisunnecessary,andfailstoaddresstheroot

ofhunger.Manybelievethattheonlypeoplewhowillbenefitarethecorporationsthatproduceit.

ScientistscannotforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoods,yetweeatthemeverydaywithoutevenknowingit.

Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultous,totheEarthandtoall

wildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowfbrsurehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenot

worththerisk.

27.Accordingtothepassage,traditionalbreedingisdifferentfromgeneticengineeringbecause.

A.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesinthesamekindoflivingthings

B.traditionalbreedingtakesplacewithinthesamekindoflivingthings

C.traditionalbreedingismorescientific

D.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesindifferentkindsoflivingthings

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,GEfoodisunnecessarybecause.

A.customerswillbenefitfromGEfood

B.we'renowproducingmorefoodthanbefore

C.itwon'thelpsolvetheproblemofhungerintheworld

D.thereareobviousdangersinproducingGEfood

29Whatisthewriter'swritingpurpose?

A.Tointroducegeneticengineering'spositivecontributionstoagriculture.

B.TowelcomegeneticengineeringandGEfood.

C.TodiscussthedifferencesbetweenGEfoodandotherfood.

DTotellpeopletokeepGEfoodoffbeforetheirinfluenceonusisclear.

【答案】27.B28.C29.D

【解析】本文主要介紹了基因工程技術(shù)?；蚬こ炭梢詫⑺璧纳镛D(zhuǎn)化為不同物種的生物，它為農(nóng)業(yè)做

出了巨大的貢獻。而轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是不必要的，因為它不會幫助解決世界上的饑餓問題，并且還可能存在一

些隱患。

【27題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖），whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesame

kindoflivingthings.與傳統(tǒng)育種不同，在傳統(tǒng)繁殖中，期望的品質(zhì)將在同一種生物中培育?？芍x項B敘述

的和原文一致，故選B。

【28題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffoodneededtofeed

theworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.可知GEfood還不能解決世界饑餓問題。故選C。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后"段中的句子1thinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowforsurehow

thesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.作者說，GEfood好處是驚人的，但是在我們確定這些食物

會對我們產(chǎn)生什么影響之前，它們不值得冒這個險?？芍髡呤窃诟嬖V人們在轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對我們的影響變

得明顯之前不要食用。故選D。

D

Roundeyes,roundhead,roundears,roundbody!Whatisthislovelylittleanimal?Helookslikeabear.Butheis

notabear.He'saKOALA.

PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem.Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.Noonecan

killthemfortheirprettyfur.Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur.Andheisnotasbigasyourlittletoe!Themother

koalahasapocketinthefrontofherbody.Thebabygoesintothiswarmpocket.Therehestaysforsixmonths.

Whenthebabyleavesthepocket,hehasmuchfur.Andheisaboutasbigasyourshoe.Heclimbstohismother's

back.Heridestherewhilesheteacheshimhowtofindfood.Mrs.Koalaisalovingmother.Shetakesgoodcareofher

baby.Butwhenheisbad,shebeatshim!Thebabycriesjustasasmallchilddoes.Ifhekeepsoncrying,hismother

beatshimagain.Whenhestopscrying,shetakeshiminherarms.Andthentheybothgotosleepforawhile.

Thekoalacouldnotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftree.Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.Formost

oftheday,thekoalasleepsinthetree.

Atnight,thekoalalooksforfood.Hemaygomilestofindit.Helikesonlythebark（樹皮）andtheleavesofthe

tree.Heeatsnothingelse.Andheeatsmorethantwopoundseachnight!

It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.Weshouldprotectthe

environmentandcaremoreaboutwildlife,andthenwewillseethesmilingfacesoflovelykoalasagain,

59.PeopleinAustralia.

A.setupplacesforkoalastolivesafelyB.putkoalasinthetree

C.raisebabykoalasintheirpocketsD.keepkoalasintheirhomes

60.Koalascannotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftreebecause.

A.theyhavetokeepcoolunderthetreeB.theyeatthefruitonthetree

C.theyliveinthetreeandgetfoodfromitD.theystayinthetreeallthetime

61.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.KoalasonlyliveinAustraliaandweshouldprotectthem.

B.Australianslookafterkoalasalhomeandgivethemenoughfood.

C.Thousandsofkoalashidthemselvessafelyinthebushfiresmonthsago.

D.Therearenodifferencesbetweenourfoodandkoalas'food.

【答案】59.A60.C61.A

【解析】本文主要介紹了考拉的一些生活習性。

【59題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2大段“Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely."他們?yōu)樗鼈兇罱ò踩幼〉牡胤健?/p>

可知，故選A。

[60題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.”這種樹給他家和食物?？芍祭?/p>

不僅能住在這種樹上也能在樹上得到食物。故選C,

[61題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2大段^Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.澳大利亞人為它們搭建安全居住

的地方，再根據(jù)第6大段"It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.We

shouldprotecttheenvironmentandcaremoreaboutwildlie”很遺憾澳大利亞的數(shù)千只考拉因為數(shù)月前的大火

死了，我們應該保護自然和野生動物。根據(jù)常識可知，考拉只生活在澳大利亞，我們應該保護它們是正確

的，故A正確；根據(jù)第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfbod.”這種樹給他家和食物?？芍?/p>

拉住在樹上而不是家里，故B錯誤；根據(jù)第6大段“It，sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfires

monthsagoinAustralia.”很遺憾澳大利亞的數(shù)千只考拉因為數(shù)月前的大火死了，可知，不是藏起來了，故C

錯誤；根據(jù)第5大段“Helikesonlythebark（樹皮）andtheleavesofthetree.“他只喜歡樹皮和樹葉，可知，考

拉的食物和我們的食物有很大的差別，故D錯誤。故選A。

DoctorSeusswasbomin1904.Bythemiddle1950s,hehadbecomeoneofthebest-lovedandmostsuccessful

children'sbookwritersintheworld.Hisbooksareverypopularwithyoungreaders.Theyenjoytheinventedwords

andthepicturesofunusualfunnyanimalsandplants.

In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.Thereportsaidmany

children'sbookswerenotinteresting.DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthat

wereinterestingandeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.Hedidnotreceive

traininginart.Yet,hedrewthepicturesformostofhisbooks.

In1957,Dr.SeusswroteTheCatintheHat.Heusedlessthan230wordstowritethebookandevena

six-year-oldshouldbeabletoreadit.Itwasafunstoryandeasytoread.Childrenlovedit.Theirparentslovedit,too.

Todayitisstilloneofthestoriestheylikebest.ThesuccessofTheCatintheHatmadehimwanttowritemorebooks

forchildren.In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiftywords.ThebookiscalledGreenEggsandHam.

In1984,DoctorSeusswonaPulitzerPrize（普利策獎）.Hewashonoredfortheeducationandenjoymenthis

booksprovidedAmericanchildrenandtheirparents.

Hediedattheageof87,buthisinfluenceremains.Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.Peoplesay

hisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearnedtoread.Yet,hisbooksarelovedbypeopleofallages.

DoctorSeussoncesaid,nIdonotwriteforchildren.Iwriteforpeople.1'

65.DoctorSeusslearnedfromthemagazinethat.

A.someschoolchildrencouldnotread

B.manychildren'sbookswereinteresting

C.childrenwantedtolearntoread

D.awriterforchildrenwaswanted

66.DoctorSeusstomakehisbookinterestingandeasytoread.

A.soldhisbooksinlargeoutdoorthemeparks

B.usedwordswiththesameendingsoundanddrewpictures

C.soldhisbookswithsomefreetoystothechildren

D.usedasmanysimplewordsandsentencesaspossible

67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.DoctorSeusswrotebooksonlyforchildrenintheUnitedStates.

BDoctorSeusswroteGreenEggsandHamwithmorethan230words.

C.TheCatintheHatwaswrittenonlyforsix-year-oldchildren.

D.Hisbooksprovidededucationandenjoymentforchildrenandparents.

68.FromthetextweknowthatDoctorSeuss.

A.wonaPulitzerPrizesoonafterhisdeath

B.soldmillionsofhisbookshimselfworldwide

C.changedAmericanchildren'swayofreading

D.wrotethelargestnumberofbooksintheworld

【答案】65.A66.B67.D68.C

【解析】本文介紹了蘇斯博士的生平以及他的書。人們喜歡他的書，是因為他的書有趣而且淺顯易讀。他

之所以受到尊敬是因為他的書給美國的孩子們和他們的父母帶來了教育和快樂。他的書在世界各地銷售。

人們說他的書改變了孩子們讀書的方法。

【65題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.可知

DoctorSeuss從雜志得知孩子不能讀這件事，故選A。

【66題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinteresting

andeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.可知，蘇斯博士強烈希望能幫助

孩子們，并決定寫一些有趣、易讀的書。他用了同樣結(jié)尾音的詞，像魚和愿望。故選B。

【67題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.可知，他的書在全世界都有銷售，不僅

僅是為美國孩子而寫的，A選項錯誤；根據(jù)文中In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiflywords.Thebookis

calledG/re/tEggs可知《綠雞蛋和火腿》這本書不到50詞，B選項錯誤；C選項文中并未提到；根

據(jù)文匚「DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinterestingandeasyto

read.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.他的書為美國兒童和他們的父母提供了教育

和享受，他為此而感到榮幸cD選項正確，故選D。

【68題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)整個文章的理解及文中PeoplesayhisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearned

toread可知DoctorSeuss改變了美國孩子學習閱讀的方式，故選Co

F

Hasanyoneevertoldyouthateatingcarrotswillhelpyouseeinthedark?Thisisjustoneofmanyincorrect

beliefsyoumayhaveheard.Below,TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let'stakealook.

Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?

CarrotsarerichinvitaminA,whichhelpstheeyestoturnlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallows

peopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmorecarrotswon'thelpyouseebetter.Acertainminimumamount

willhelp,butalargenumberofcarrotswillnotgiveyousuperhumanvision.

Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavehadeyesight,too?

Myopia（近視）canbepassedfromparentstochildren.AstudybytheAmericanOptometricAssociation

foundthatifbothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.Forchildrenwhohave

oneparentwithmyopia,thechanceis23to40percent,andit'sdownto6to15percentforkidswithnon-myopic

parents.Soifyoureyesightisbad,yourchildrenmightstillhavegoodvision.

Docolorblindpeopleseetheworldinblackandwhite?

Colorblindnessdoesn'tusuallymeanthatpeopleseetheworldlikeanoldmovie.Theyusuallycan'ttellcertain

colorsapart,especiallygreenandred.Anothercommonlyconfusedpairofcolorsisyellowandblue.Oureyeshave

conecells（視錐細胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.Ifthesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindness_

occurs.Therearedifferentlevelsofcolorblindness.Somepeopleareonlycolorblindinlowlight.However,inthe

mostseriousformofcolorblindness,everythingisshadesofgray.

26.Accordingtothearticle,eatingcarrots.

A.stopsthebrainfromseeingB.doesn'thelpyouseebetteratall

C.willhelpyouseeclearlyinthedarkD.isgoodforyoureyestosomedegree

27.Ifbothparentshavemyopia,theirchild'schanceofhavinggoodeyesightis.

A.40-67%B.33-60%C.23-40%D.6-15%

28.Theunderlineword^occurs^inthispassageprobablymeans.

A.惡化B.發(fā)生C.改善D.加深

29.Whatisthecauseofcolorblindnessaccordingtothetext?

A.Watchingmoviesfortoolong.B.Gettingtoolittleexercise.

C.Conecellsnotworkingproperly.D.Changesinthewavelengthoflight.

30.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?

A.Tooffersomeadviceonprotectingyoureyes.

B.Toclearupsomemisunderstandingsaboutoureyes.

C.Toprovidehelpforimprovingyourvision.

D.Toexplainhowbadeyesightandcolorblindnessform.

【答案】26.D27.A28.B29.C30.B

【解析】本文是?篇說明文。文章主要介紹了青少年們?yōu)槿藗儗ρ劬λ傅娜齻€錯誤做出了科學的解釋，

消除一些關(guān)于人們眼睛的誤解。

【26題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?里的內(nèi)容uCarrots...whichhelpsthe

eyestotumlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallowspeopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmore

carrotswonthelpyouseebetter.”可知胡蘿卜富能幫助眼睛將光線轉(zhuǎn)化為大腦的信息。這使得人們可以在黑

暗的地方看到東西。然而，多吃胡蘿卜并不能幫助你看得更好。也就是說吃胡蘿卜在某種程度上對眼睛有

好處。故選D。

【27題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第三段Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavebadeyesight,too?里的內(nèi)容

“…bothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.”可知如果父母都是近視眼，

他們的孩子有33%到60%的幾率近視。那么他們的孩子有40%到67%的幾率擁有好的視力。故選A。

【28題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中第四段Docolorblindpeop加seetheworldinblackandwhite?中^Oureyeshavecone

cells（視錐細胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.M可知我們的眼睛有錐形細胞，可以感知不同波長的

光。uIfthesecellsdon^workproperly...w如果這些細胞不能正常運轉(zhuǎn)，那么色盲就會發(fā)生。所以“occurs”

是發(fā)生的含義。故選B。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后一段"Oureyeshaveconecells（視錐細胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.If

thesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindnessoccurs.”可知視錐細胞如果不能正常運轉(zhuǎn)，就會導致產(chǎn)生色盲。

故選C。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中第一段“TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let*stakealook.”可知青少年們?yōu)槿藗儗ρ劬λ傅娜齻€錯誤做出了科學的解釋。讓我們看

看。故選B。

G

Fromvideogamesandmuseumstomedicaltraining,VR（virtualreality,虛擬現(xiàn)實）hasbeenchangingourlives

forthebetter.However,thiswonderfulnewtechnologyhasaso-farunsolvableproblem:Itmaymakepeoplefeelsick

fromtheVRexperience.Thefeelingofsickness,causedbyVR,iscalledcybersickness.

"WithmodernVRsystems,thepossibilityofcybersicknessafteronly15minutes'experienceisfrom40to70

percent,"ThomasStoffiregen,aresearcherattheUniversityofMinnesota,USsaid.Thissicknessisprobablycaused

bysensoryconflict（感覺沖突），explainedStoffregen.WhenyouarewearingaVRheadset,yourbody*smotion

sensorscannotmatchtheinformationreceivedbyyoureyes.Forexample,whenwewearaVRheadsetandridea

virtualroller-coaster,wethinkwearegoingupanddown,butourbodiesstaystill.Itleadstothelossofbalance.

Sicknessisfromourbodies'naturalreactiontotheexperience.Addingtothisproblem,womenaremorelikelytofeel

sickfromtheVRexperiencethanmen.

AccordingtoastudybyBasRokers,ascientistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,US,onereasoncould

betheheadsets.Toworkproperly,VRheadsetsmustmatchupwithyourPD（pupildistance,瞳品巨）.Sincetheyare

designedlargerPD,noteveryonegetsthebestexperience.RokersfoundthelargerPDdistanceis,thegreater

discomfortwillcause.Basedonhisstudies,about90percentofwomenhaveashorterPDthantheheadsetismade

andthat'sthereasonwhywomenaremorelikelytohavecybersickness.

CybersicknesspreventsthewidespreaduseofVRtechnology.Onceitbecomescomfortableandeasytouse,

however,itcouldplayagreatroleinourlives.

8.WhichisRightaboutcybersickness?

A.It'sacommonproblemwithVRtechnology.B.Itiscausedbyone'spoorsenseofdirection.

C.Ifsmorepossibleforyoungpeopletofeelsick.D.Ilonlyhappenstowomenandchildren.

9.Theexampleofridingavirtualroller-coasterisusedto.

A.tellwhatitisliketohavecybersicknessB.explainhowcybersicknessiscaused

C.tellpeoplehowtoavoidcybersicknessD.showhowcybersicknessinfluencespeople

10.Whyarewomenmorelikelytohavecybersickness?

A.Theyhaveapoorsenseofdirection.B.VRheadsetsareonlymadeformen.

C.VRheadsetsaretoolargefbrtheirPDs.D.Theyareeasytolosebalance.

11.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheVRtechnology?

A.TheVRtechnologyhasalreadyplayedagreatroleinourlives

B.ThereisstillsomethingtodobeforeVRtechnologyplaysagreatrole.

C.