初中英語定語從句講解、練習(xí)與答案

初中英語定語從句講解、練習(xí)與答案定語從句一、初中英語重點(diǎn)詞匯1.many/much/afew/alittle/few/little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞;都表示許多。例如:Hehasmanybooks.他有許多書。Hedrankmuchmilk.他喝了許多牛奶。(2)afew和alittle都表示"有一點(diǎn)兒"，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于"some"，但afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如:HehasafewfriendsinLondon.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,justalittle.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎,好的，只要一點(diǎn)。(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有"，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Heisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是個怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.趕快，沒什么時間了。2.seem/look(1)seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來…”。Thebabyseemstobehappy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。Heseemedtobesorryforthat.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。seem能與todo結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。Itseemstorain.似乎要下雨了。Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。Itseemsthatheisquitebusynow.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。Itseemstousthatthereisnothingserious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。(2)look用作“看起來;好像”時，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。Theroomlooksclean.這間房看起來很干凈。Thegirllookslikehermother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。二、語法定語從句(一)、定義:在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語)或句子，漢語中常用‘??的’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用:1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分1Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished(誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰(Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。(三)、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞:在句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)1.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到達(dá)倫敦的時候，我們在那里已經(jīng)待了兩個星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注:1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.3ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.三、練習(xí)練習(xí)一(一)用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句。1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.(二)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?410.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.練習(xí)二一、單項(xiàng)填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which518.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that27.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which28.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who29.Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose30.Isthereashopnearhere______wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子1.Theboys________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.3.MrLiuistheperson________youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.Theprofessor________youarewaitingforhascome.5.Footballisagame_______islikedbymostboys.6.Helikestoreadbooks________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.7.Thisisthepen_______heboughtyesterday.8.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger_______wehaveoftentalked.9.Whereistheman_________Isawthismorning?610.Theseason_________comesafterspringissummer.11.Ivisitedascientist________nameisknownalloverthecountry.12.Hehasafriend______fatherisadoctor.13.Ioncelivedinthehouse_____roofhasfallenin.14.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametothisschool.15.Thetime_______wegottogetherfinallyarrived.16.Shanghaiisthecity______Iwasborn.17.Thehouse______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.18.Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.19.Thereason____hewaspunishedisunknowntous.20.Allthepeople______arepresentburstintotears.21.Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostof_______arewelleducated.22.Hesucceededinthecompetition,_____madehisparentsveryhappy.23.Theschool______heoncestudiedisveryfamous.24.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine_______youasked.25.Thisistheboy________Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.練習(xí)三1.Thehouse____weliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Hetalkedaboutthelecturesandschools____hehadvisited.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom3.Thescientisttheteacheristalking____isleavingforBeijing.A.tohimB.whomC.toD.tothat4.Iwho____yourteacher,willteachMarxismasatruthtoyou.A.isB.areC.wereD.am5.____theycoulddowastoworkhard.A.AllB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.That6.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.why7.Theroom____windowsfacesouthishis.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who’s8.Thepark,____wevisitedyesterday,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when9.Thepark,____wemetwithhim,isverynice.A.whereB.which7C.thatD.when10.Thefirsttime____Isawherwasin1989.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.as11.Payattentiontoall____Ido.A.whichB.inwhichC.whatD.that12.I’vereadallthebooks____yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that13.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it14.Thewoman____childhadfallenillwasadoctor.A.whoB.herC.whoseD./15.Thepen____I’musing____ishers.A.which;itB.that;itC.it;/D./16.Ihavethesametrouble____youhave.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what17.It’stheverybook____Iwanttofind.A.whichB.thatC.itD.so18.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____Englishforfouryears.A.haslearntB.havelearntC.learnD.learning19.Thisisoneofthebooks____worthreading.A.thatisB.whichareC.itwasD.theyarebeen20.Thisisthebestfilm____beenshownthisyear.A.whichhasB.whichhaveC.thathasD.thathave21.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminutehave____issixminuteslong.A.whereB.ofwhichC.thatD.ofthat22.Canyoutellmethereason____youdidn’tcomeforyesterday?A.whyB.howC.whichD.what23.Doyoustillremembertheday____wespenttogetherlastmonth?A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where24.Oct.1,1949wastheday____theNewChinawasfounded.A.thatB.inwhichC.whenD.where825.Which/Whoofthem____knowssomethingaboutEnglishdoesn’tknowthisword?A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as26.____weallknow,heisagoodman.A.WhichB.WhoC.ThatD.As27.I’veneverseensuchalazyboy____youare.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as28.Thereweremanygreatleadersinthehistory____AbrahamLincolnwasthegreatestone.A.inwhichB.inwhomC.ofwhichD.ofwhom29.Iboughtanewdictionary,____isverybeautiful.A.whosethecoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.whichcover30.Theyhaveplantedmanytrees,onethirdof____arepinetrees.A.themB.whoseC.whichD.that31.Thatismyoffice,____facethesouth.A.it’swindowsB.thewindowsC.thewindowsofitD.thewindowsofwhich32.He’sgivenusalotofinformation,____isvaluable.A.littleofitB.LittleofwhichC.alittleD.muchofthem33.Hehastwosons,____isacollagestudent.A.whoB.bothofwhomC.neitherofwhomD.neither34.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,____isonlyfifteen.A.theyoungestofwhomB.theoldestofthemC.oneofthemD.thetallest35.Hehaspublishedtwobooks,____I’vecompletelyforgotten.A.theirnamesB.thenamesofwhichC.thenamesofthemD.whatnamesofwhich36.Hehasseveralfriends,themostdevoted____isHenry.A.friendB.oneofthemC.ofthemD.ofwhom37.Fivemenstoleintothegate,____waslameintherightleg.A.thesecondB.thethirdofwhomC.oneofthemD.amongthem38.Thisistheveryschool____Iwantedtovisit.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich39.Istheschool____youaregoingtowork?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there40.Isthis____youwant?9A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.theonewhat]41.Shanghai,____Ihavevisitedtwice,hasalargepopulation.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that42.Myyoungestsister,____isfortyyearsold,hasgotalifeprofessorshipinauniversity.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that43.Thestudentsdidn’tliketheway____shewasdressed.A./B.whichC.whatD.how44.There’snoway____youcouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouunlessyoudon’tspareyourself(嚴(yán)格要求自己).A.forB.thatC.whereD.ofwhich45.Iamdeterminedtolearnmysubjectsintheway____youhavedone.A.inwhichB.bywhatC.whatD.where46.Heusedtodothingsinaway____didnoharmtoanybody.A./B.whatC.inwhichD.that47.I’lldo____tohelpyou.A.allIcanB.allwhatIcanC.allthoseImanageD.allwhichIcan48.All____wanttobuythebook,putdownyournameshere.A.whoB.thesethatC.thosewhoD.ones49.Thisisthethirdtime____you’relateforschool.A.inwhichB.thatC.whichD.onwhich50.Hearrivedyesterday,____wasjustwhatweexpected.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which51.EinsteintaughtatPrinceton,____therewasafamousresearchinstitute.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.becauseof52.Thatisthereason____hecametoseeyou.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.forwhich53.Sheisoneofthefewpersons____Spanishinourschool.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.whichspeakD.thatspeaks54.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachers____Spanishinourschool.A.whoteachesB.whoteachC.whichteachesD.thatteach55.Youaretheonlyone____advicehemightlistento.10A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whatever56.Hereissobigastone____nomancanlift.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that57.Heseemsaforeigner,____infactitis.A.whichB.asC.thatD.and58.Who____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that59.Isthisthemuseum____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone60.Isthismuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone61.Howdoyoulikethebook?It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat62.Whichsentenceiswrong?A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.63.Antarctic____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich64.Eachtime____theymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.A.whichB.duringC.whenD./65.Maythefourthistheday____weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.on