2023年考研考博考博英語(yǔ)中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)答案

2023年考研考博考博英語(yǔ)中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.won’teliminateB.willbeeliminationC.shouldhavebeeneliminatedD.shouldhelpeliminate2.單選題Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.earthquakesonlyB.tsunamisonlyC.bothearthquakesandtsunamisD.variousnaturaldisasters問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildingsB.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccurC.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamisD.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappenB.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccurC.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapersD.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarmingB.destructionofthebalanceoftheecologyC.earthquakesD.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.structuresofthebuildingB.solidityofthebuildingC.theheightofthebuildingD.thelocalgeology3.單選題Remembertoaskfora（）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt4.單選題TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hasitbecomeB.ithasbecameC.itbecomesD.doesitbecome5.單選題Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually6.單選題Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.foundationsB.functionsC.rolesD.relations7.單選題Thetransitionfromwife’stomother’srolerequirethewifeto（

）tothecompletelynewsituationindailylife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept8.單選題AmItounderstandthathisnewpost（）noresponsibilitywithitatall?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses9.單選題The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter10.單選題Advocatesofprivateschoolarguethateducationinoneofthesefacilitiesismorevaluableand（）thananyothereducationalopportunity.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.awardedB.awardingC.rewardedD.rewarding11.單選題問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.sentupB.sentoffC.sentoutD.sentin12.單選題AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflaborB.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaplyB.increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborB.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystemC.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwasD.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomistB.TheTheoryofDivisionofLaborC.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWorkD.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor13.單選題Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

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2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.promotiondependsonamiabilityB.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevelC.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinatesD.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.hallucinationexerciseB.physicalexerciseC.meditationexerciseD.entertainment問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutivesB.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompanyC.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-huntingD.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theycanconducttheirbusinessB.theycanindulgethemselvesC.theycancultivatetheirmindD.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.14.單選題Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.haveextremelybeenB.hasbeenextremelyC.willbeextremelyD.shouldextremelybe15.寫作題Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.16.單選題Thelittlegirlisignorant（）thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.forB.ofC.withD.against17.單選題Alloftheinternationaldelegatesattendingtheconference（）tobringasouvenirfromtheirowncountries.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hasaskedB.isaskingC.wereaskedD.wasasking18.單選題Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.somuchB.somanyC.toofewD.afew19.單選題Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation20.單選題I（）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.insistB.confirmC.assureD.ensure第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī)，所以這應(yīng)該有助于解決她的假牙問(wèn)題。should表示有較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的推測(cè)，且根據(jù)句意可知，這里時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是地震及其影響，并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方，選項(xiàng)A正確。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪，發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知，海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的，選項(xiàng)C正確。5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個(gè)因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。3.【答案】A【解析】上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：記得要為這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們不會(huì)提供任何維修。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。4.【答案】A【解析】語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)only可知這里應(yīng)該用倒裝，首先排除選項(xiàng)B和C；填空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。5.【答案】D【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地；continuously連續(xù)不斷地；constantly不斷地，時(shí)常地；continually不斷地，頻繁地。句意：我們的旅行很慢，因?yàn)榛疖囶l繁地在不同的村莊?？俊＿x項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。6.【答案】B【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:管理部門通過(guò)各種職能運(yùn)作，通常分為規(guī)劃、機(jī)構(gòu)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/激勵(lì)和控制。只有選項(xiàng)B有職能的意思，所以本題選B。7.【答案】A【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adaptto為固定搭配，意為“適應(yīng)”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。8.【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。carryresponsibility為常用搭配,意為“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。9.【答案】C【解析】clash沖突；clarify澄清，闡明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter嘩啦聲，嘈雜聲。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了許多來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的游客。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。10.【答案】D【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處應(yīng)填入形容詞，只有選項(xiàng)D是形容詞，所以正確。11.【答案】D【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。sendup使上升；sendoff寄出，派遣；sendout發(fā)送；sendin遞送，呈報(bào)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指“遞交辭呈”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。12.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)到勞動(dòng)分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢(shì)的人。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動(dòng)分工增加了每個(gè)工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒(méi)有進(jìn)行分工，沒(méi)有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過(guò)分工合作，相當(dāng)于每個(gè)工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過(guò)這一數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明分工的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)A正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，勞動(dòng)分工本質(zhì)上對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動(dòng)分工，重點(diǎn)不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。13.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A,B,C均表述錯(cuò)誤；只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。2.語(yǔ)義辨析題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠“保持心臟健康”，由此可推測(cè)這是一種身體的鍛煉，選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)B正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知選項(xiàng)C與原文相符。4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高爾夫不僅提供了一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所，還結(jié)合了一些有用的社交活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管們每年通過(guò)薪酬、股票期權(quán)和獎(jiǎng)金能獲得數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，這并不罕見(jiàn)。原文并沒(méi)說(shuō)所有的主管都年入百萬(wàn)，選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對(duì)，所以不正確。14.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)"eversince"可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的影響一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。15.【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.16.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B正確。17.【答案】C【解析】本句主語(yǔ)為“delegates”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。選項(xiàng)C正確。18.【答案】A【解析】information是不可數(shù)名司，只有選項(xiàng)A后面接不可數(shù)名詞。19.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意為“對(duì)某事生氣”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。20.【答案】C【解析】近義詞辨析。sb.confirmthat證實(shí)......；assuresb.that...向某人保證......；sb.ensurethat...確保某事會(huì)發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted2.單選題Terroristsmurderandkidnappeople,（）bombs,hijackairplanes,setfires,andcommitotherseriouscrimes.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.lightupB.setoffC.plantinD.ignite3.單選題Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas（）facehisparents.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tooashamedtoB.tooembarrassingtoC.veryashamedofD.veryembarrassingto4.翻譯題Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.5.單選題Todayscientistshaveagreaterunderstandingofgeneticsanditsrolein（）organisms.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.liveB.lifeC.livingD.alive6.單選題Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally7.單選題Thesoldierwas（

）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished8.單選題Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.infuseB.abuseC.reduceD.refuse9.單選題Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing10.單選題Edisontestedmorethanonethousandmaterialstoseeiftheycould（）electriccurrentandglow.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.bringB.makeC.carryD.produce11.單選題Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.withtheexceptionofB.inthelightofC.byvirtueofD.regardlessof12.翻譯題美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點(diǎn)結(jié)束了他對(duì)亞洲三國(guó)的訪問(wèn)。作為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)政策顧問(wèn)和最主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)發(fā)言人，保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認(rèn)為是布什政府對(duì)華經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中，保爾森多次強(qiáng)調(diào)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不僅不具有威脅性，而且對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)有好處。他表示，美國(guó)歡迎中國(guó)發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的一員。13.單選題Alineinasongasks,“Doesanyonereallyknowwhattimeitis?”Thisquestioncouldeasilyapplytocalendars!Didyouknowthatourideasabouttimeareaffectedbyreligion?Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.Oddstructures,suchasStonehengeinEngland,mayhavebeenusedtomeasuretimelongago.Theseancientrocksstandinacirclelikelarge,grayLegos.Somepeoplethinkthattherocksrelatetothepositionofthesun.Nooneknowshowpeoplemovedthemintothisinformation,butitwasprobablyalotofwork.Ifitwasacalendar,itsurewasabigone!TheAztecsalsohadarockcalendarthatwasrelatedtothesun.TheyhadaSunStonethatshowedtheirsungodinthecenter.Thecalendaryouareprobablymostfamiliarisalsobasedonthesun.ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.Thecycleoftheyearinasolarcalendarismeasuredfromoneequinoxtothenext.Asolarcalendarhastobeadjustedeverysooftentokeepintimewiththesun.In1582,PopeGregoryXHfirstauthorizedtakingafewdaysoutofeveryyearforthepurposeofadjustingthecalendar.Peopledidn’tlikethisonebitbecausetheythoughttheywerelosingtime!IttookcenturiesforEuropeanstogetusedtothisconcept.Eventually,asystemwasworkedouttoaddasingledaytothecalendareveryfouryears.Soitwassynchronizedwiththeseasons.Theextradaymadeeveryfourthyear366dayslong.Thesespecialyearsarecalledleapyears,andwecalledtheextradaytothemonthofFebruary.IfyouknowsomeonewhosebirthdayisFebruary29,youknowthatheorshewasborninaleapyear.ThiscalendariscalledtheGregoriancalendar,anditisusedintheUnitedStatesandotherChristiancountries.Muslimsuseadifferentkindofcalendar.Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,anditiscompletelydifferentthanasolarone.AccordingtotheMuslimholybook,theKoran,Allahsaid,“Truly,twelvemonthsisthenumberofthemonthswithGod,accordingtotheGod’sBook,eversinceHecreatedheavenandEarth.”AnewMuslimmonthdoesnotstartuntiltworeliablewitnesseshaveseenthenewmoon.MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.1.Accordingtotheauthorofthearticle,（）hasinfluencedourwayofmeasuringthetime.2.Weknowfromthearticlethat（）calendarisbasedonthecycleofthemoon.3.FromthearticlewecaninferthatRamadanisaMuslimfestival,whichlastsfor（）.4.Theverb“synchronize”（Line1,Paragraph4）probablymeans（）.5.Thecalendarthatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasfirstadoptedby（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theuniverseB.thePopeC.religionD.nature問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.GregorianB.solarC.ChristianD.lunar問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.onemonthB.oneweekC.fourdaysD.twentyfivedays問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.tocausetooccurfourdayslaterB.tocausetohappenfourdaysearlierC.tohappenbeforehandorafterwardsD.tocausetohappenatthesametime問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theChristianB.thePopeC.JuliusCaesarD.theMuslims14.單選題TheadvertisementforSuperSudsdetergent（

）thatthesalehasincreasedby25%inthefirstquarteroftheyear.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.havebeensosuccessfulB.hadbeensosuccessfulC.hasbeensosuccessfulD.willbesosuccessful15.單選題Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable16.單選題Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.asevereset-backB.sharpset-backC.asevereblown-upD.sharpblown-up17.單選題Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.completedB.compiledC.collatedD.contested18.翻譯題Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.19.單選題Ithasbeenarguedthatwhereschoolsbecomebureaucratized,theybecomeboundupwiththetechniquesandimplementationofthemanagerialprocess,andmayconcentrateonconcernwithpositionandself-advancement.Insodoing,theymayneglectthepurposeforwhichtheyweresetup.Thus,theydonotfacilitatethedevelopmentofthosewhoarepartoftheschoolcommunity,andtendtoneglectthedesiresofchildren,parentsandsocietyatlarge.Itisbecauseofsuchcriticismsthattherehasbeenanincreasinginfluenceinpoliticalrhetoricandlegislationoffree-markettheoriesoforganizationandsociety.Suchtheoriessuggestthatamuchmoremarket-oriented,competitiveapproachisrequiredsothatschoolsreorientthemselvestowardstheir“clients”.Bysodoing,itisclaimed,notonlydotheyonceagainaddresstheneedsofthosewithwhomtheyshouldbeprimarilyconcerned,butsuchanapproachalsounleashesthebenefitsofindividualresponsibility,freedomofchoice,andreward.Thoughmuchofthissoundsattractive,ithasitsrootsasmuchinaneconomicbodyofthoughtasinsocialandpoliticaltheory,andthismustraisethequestionofwhetheritcanbeviablytransferredtoaneducationalcontext.Indeed,ifby“educational”wemeanthedevelopmentofallwithintheschoolcommunity,thenfree-markettheorymaymissthemarkbyconcentratingononlyonesection,“theconsumers”.Ifteachersareseenaspartofthiscommunity,thentheirdevelopmentisjustasimportant.Ifbureaucraticformsofmanagementfacetheproblemofexplaininghowtheirvaluescanbeobjectivewhentheyareinfacttheproductofaparticularvalueorientation,theformsofmanagementderivedfromfree-markettheories,suggestinganopennesstotheadoptionofdifferentsetsofvalues,aresubjecttothechargeofrelativism.Inotherwords,free-markettheories,grantedthattheyarearguingthatindividualsshouldbeallowedtopursuetheirownends,mustexplainwhyanysetofvalues,includingtheirown,ispreferabletoanother.1.Accordingtotheauthor,criticismofschoolsarisesfrom（）.2.The“schoolcommunity”(Line3,Para.4)theauthorreferstowouldprobablyinclude（）.3.Thetransferoffreemarketideastotheschoolsmayfailbecause（）.4.Accordingtothetext,criticismoffreemarketsolutionsineducationarisefromthefactthat（）.5.The“chargeofrelativism”mentionedinthelastparagraphismeanttoshow（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.concernsthatschoolsdeliberatelyneglectstudentsB.thehighcostofeducationduetobureaucracyC.aperceptionofthemasself-servingandbureaucraticD.amisunderstandingofschoolsofficials問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.studentsB.studentsandparentsC.students,parentsandteachersD.teachersandstudents問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.schoolshavenorealclientsB.theyconcentrateonlyontheconsumeranddonotincludeteachersC.schoolsaretotallydifferentfromthefreemarketD.theyhavenosolidpurposeintheiraims問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theydonotexplainwhytheirsetofvaluesarebetterthanothersB.theirvaluesaretoosubjectiveC.theirvaluesaretoodifferentfromthosewithinaneducationalcontextD.theeducationalcontextisnotafreemarket問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.thevaluesaretoonarrow-mindedB.thevaluesarenotspecificenoughC.thevaluesaretooself-servingD.thevaluesarenotstronglyheld20.單選題Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed第2卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國(guó)人關(guān)心自己的健康，選項(xiàng)A符