2022-2023學(xué)年山東省煙臺(tái)市高一下學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷英語(yǔ)試題（原卷版+解析版無(wú)聽(tīng)力音頻無(wú)聽(tīng)力原文）

第第頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年山東省煙臺(tái)市高一下學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷英語(yǔ)試題（原卷版+解析版，無(wú)聽(tīng)力音頻無(wú)聽(tīng)力原文）2022-2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷

高一英語(yǔ)

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)，回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，只交答題卡。

第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)

做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案劃在試卷上，該部分錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到客觀題答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatisthemandoing

A.Borrowingbooks.B.Returningbooks.C.Payingafine.

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A.Ahospital.B.Apieceofnews.C.Ababy.

3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Motherandson.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Brotherandsister.

4.Whereprobablyarethespeakers

A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.Inaclothingshop.

5.WhatdoesthemanaskHelentodo

A.Lendhimhernotes.B.Giveahistorylecture.C.Takecareofherbrother.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Howsoonwillthemanbehomeattheearliest

A.In30minutes.B.In40minutes.C.In50minutes.

7.Whatdoesthemanplantodofirstaftergettinghome

A.Havedinner.B.Takeashower.C.Dophysicalactivities.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8Howmuchshouldthewomanpaynow

A.$200.B.$400.C.$800.

9.Howdoesthewomanbooktheroom

A.Overthephone.B.Inperson.C.OntheInternet.

10.Whatdoesthewomanfinallytelltheman

A.Herarrivaldate.B.Heremailaddress.C.Herroompreference.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhatisJason’sfavoritemusic

A.Classicalmusic.B.Countrymusic.C.Popmusic.

12.Whoprobablyisthewoman

A.Astudent.B.Asinger.C.Amusician.

13.HowdoesJasonfeelaboutgoingtoaconcertintheend

A.Curious.B.Excited.C.Bored.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Whendoesthewomangetupeveryday

A.At6:00a.m.B.At8:00a.m.C.At8:30a.m.

15.Withwhomdoesthewomanhavebreakfast

A.Herhusband.B.Herparents.C.Herchildren.

16.Whatdoweknowabouttheman

A.Heseldomhasbreakfast.B.Hedrinksteaeverymorning.C.Hegetsupatthesametimeeveryday.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhendoesEarthHourtakeplaceeveryyear

A.InearlyMarch.B.Inmid-March.C.AttheendofMarch.

18.WheredidEarthHouroriginatefrom

A.Malaysia.B.France.C.Australia.

19.WhatisthefinalpurposeofEarthHour

A.Tosavepowerquickly.B.Toenjoysustainablelives.C.Todealwithlightpollution.

20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledotoprotectnature

A.Stophuntingwildanimals.B.Choosepublictransportation.C.Usehigh-energyelectricaldevices.

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

WithsomuchhistorypackedinWashington,D.C.—theUnitedStatescapitalcity,youcanlearnaboutthebirthofthenationandmanynotablepeoplewhohelpedshapeittowhatitistoday.Let’senjoyfourofitslandmarksforanunforgettablegetaway.

WashingtonMonument(紀(jì)念碑)

TheWashingtonMonumentwasbuiltin1884tohonorthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Atthebase,therearefiftyAmericanflagsthatflyinacirclesurroundingthemonument.Youcanalsogetticketstoridealifttothetopofthemonumentandlookoutatthehistoricalcityfromabove!

LincolnMemorial(紀(jì)念館)

Amainstoponeveryone’striptoD.C.isastopattheLincolnMemorial.Thememorialwasbuilttohonorthe16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates,AbrahamLincoln.ThememorialfinishedRomanesqueconstructionin1920andhasbeenamajortouristattractioneversince.Itisopen24hoursaday.

JeffersonMemorial

Completedin1947,theJeffersonMemorialhonorsandmemorializesthethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson.Thebuildingfeaturesmarblestepsandashallowroundroofwitha19-footsculptureofPresidentThomasJeffersoninthecenter.

WhiteHouse

KnownastheworkplaceforthepresidentoftheUnitedStatessince1800,theWhiteHousefeaturesbeautifularchitecture(建筑)withRomanstyleinfluences.Manytouriststotheareawalkalongitsoutsidegates,hopingtoseethepresentpresident.

1.WherecantouristsenjoyabirdviewofthecapitalcityofAmerica

A.AttheWashingtonMonument.B.AttheLincolnMemorial.

C.AttheJeffersonMemorial.D.AttheWhiteHouse.

2.WhatdotheLincolnMemorialandtheWhiteHousehaveincommon

A.Theyhonorfamousfiguresinhistory.B.Theyhavethesamearchitecturalstyle.

C.Theyareopentovisitorsthewholeday.D.Theyofferinteractionwiththepresident.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext

A.Tointroduceatravelplan.B.TorecalltheAmericanhistory.

C.Torecommendexcellentexhibits.D.Todrawvisitorstotheattractions.

【答案】1.A2.B3.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了華盛頓的四個(gè)與總統(tǒng)有關(guān)的地標(biāo)。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WashingtonMonument(紀(jì)念碑)的最后一句“Youcanalsogetticketstoridealifttothetopofthemonumentandlookoutatthehistoricalcityfromabove!(你也可以買(mǎi)票乘坐電梯到紀(jì)念碑的頂部，從上面俯瞰這座歷史悠久的城市！)”可知，游客在華盛頓紀(jì)念碑的頂部可以鳥(niǎo)瞰米國(guó)首都。故選A項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LincolnMemorial(紀(jì)念館)的“ThememorialfinishedRomanesqueconstructionin1920andhasbeenamajortouristattractioneversince.(紀(jì)念碑于1920年完成羅馬式建筑，自那以后一直是一個(gè)主要的旅游景點(diǎn))”，WhiteHouse的“KnownastheworkplaceforthepresidentoftheUnitedStatessince1800,theWhiteHousefeaturesbeautifularchitecture(建筑)withRomanstyleinfluences.(自1800年以來(lái)，白宮就被稱(chēng)為米國(guó)總統(tǒng)的辦公場(chǎng)所，其特色是受羅馬風(fēng)格影響的美麗建筑)”可知，林肯紀(jì)念館與白宮的共同之處，它們有著相同的建筑風(fēng)格，都是羅馬式的建筑風(fēng)格。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WithsomuchhistorypackedinWashington,D.C.—theUnitedStatescapitalcity,youcanlearnaboutthebirthofthenationandmanynotablepeoplewhohelpedshapeittowhatitistoday.Let’senjoyfourofitslandmarksforanunforgettablegetaway.(在米國(guó)首都華盛頓，你可以了解到如此多的歷史，以及許多幫助塑造了今天這個(gè)國(guó)家的著名人物。讓我們一起欣賞它的四個(gè)地標(biāo)，度過(guò)一個(gè)難忘的假期)”可知，本文介紹了華盛頓的四個(gè)與總統(tǒng)有關(guān)的地標(biāo)，文章的目的是吸引游客到這四個(gè)旅游勝地。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

Bornin1887inaRussian-Jewishtown,Chagallstartedpaintingattheageof19.DisappointedwiththecolorsoftraditionalRussianart,helovedtopaintwithstrongblues,redsandyellows.

Soin1911,hemovedtoParis,France,whereartistsfromaroundtheworldwerecreatingnovelartformsandheacquiredfreshwaysofpaintingeagerly.Hestayedtruetohischildhoodmemories.Whileotherschosemodernsubjects,hepaintedscenesoffantasybasedonanolder,farmer-likewayoflife.Bluedogs,yellowskiesandredtreeswereallcreationsofhisimagination.

Chagallwentthroughtwoworldwarsandpersonalsufferings.In1941,becausehisfamilywereJewish,theChagallshadtoleaveFrancetoescapetheNazisduringWorldWarⅡ.In1944cameanotherblow.Chagall’sbelovedwifeBelladiedofanillness.Despitethehardships,hispassionforpaintingneverfaded.Inthe1950s,hereturnedtoFranceandcontinuedtomakehisdreamlikepaintings.

Oneday,duringawalkinavillage,hediscovereda700-year-oldchurch(教堂),wherehesawastained-glass(彩色玻璃)windowthatcontainedagreenhorse.ItlookedasifChagallmighthavecreatedithimself.Herewasasuresign,hethought,thatheshouldcreatehisownstained-glasswindows.

ThenChagalldevotedallhisenergyandtimetothework.Asweknow,manystained-glasswindowsaremadeofflatcolors,butChagallusedvarioustechniquestocreatetheeffectshewanted.Hemadeflexibleuseofbrightcolors,puttinglightintotheworks.Hepaintedimagesonglass,thenhadthemfiredtohightemperatures,makingthelinesandcolorspartoftheglass.

Chagallcreatedthestained-glasswindowsforchurchesandotherbuildingsaroundtheworlduntilhisdeathin1985.Hegavethemasgiftstotheworldandoftenrefusedpayment.Today,peoplearestillamazedathowhisstained-glasscreationsshineandchangewiththesun.

4.WhydidChagallchoosetogotoParis

A.Tolearnnewpaintingskills.B.Topublicizehisnewideasaboutart.

C.Toexperiencethecolorfullocallife.D.Toparticipateinmodernartexhibitions.

5.WhatledChagalltodesignstained-glasswindows

A.Desiretoletinmoresunlight.B.Intentiontoimprovethequalityofglass.

C.Encouragementfromsomefamousartists.D.Inspirationfromanancientchurchwindow.

6.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout

A.Chagall’sworkingattitude.B.TheimagesChagallcreated.

C.Chagall’sartisticexperiences.D.ThefeaturesofChagall’sworks.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChagallasanartist

A.Imaginativeandhonest.B.Generousandeasy-going.

C.Creativeandstrong-willed.D.Energeticandtraditional.

【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了藝術(shù)家Chagall創(chuàng)造自己的彩色玻璃窗的經(jīng)過(guò)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Soin1911,hemovedtoParis,France,whereartistsfromaroundtheworldwerecreatingnovelartformsandheacquiredfreshwaysofpaintingeagerly.(所以在1911年，他搬到了法國(guó)巴黎，在那里，世界各地的藝術(shù)家都在創(chuàng)造新的藝術(shù)形式，他渴望獲得新的繪畫(huà)方式)”可知，夏加爾去巴黎是為了學(xué)習(xí)新的繪畫(huà)技巧。故選A。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneday,duringawalkinavillage,hediscovereda700-year-oldchurch(教堂),wherehesawastained-glass(彩色玻璃)windowthatcontainedagreenhorse.ItlookedasifChagallmighthavecreatedithimself.Herewasasuresign,hethought,thatheshouldcreatehisownstained-glasswindows.(有一天，在一個(gè)村莊散步時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座有700年歷史的教堂，在那里他看到了一個(gè)彩色玻璃的窗戶(hù)，上面有一匹綠馬。看起來(lái)好像是夏加爾自己創(chuàng)作的。他認(rèn)為，這是一個(gè)明確的跡象，表明他應(yīng)該制造自己的彩色玻璃窗)”可知，來(lái)自古老教堂窗戶(hù)的靈感促使夏加爾設(shè)計(jì)彩色玻璃窗。故選D。

【6題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“ThenChagalldevotedallhisenergyandtimetothework.Asweknow,manystained-glasswindowsaremadeofflatcolors,butChagallusedvarioustechniquestocreatetheeffectshewanted.Hemadeflexibleuseofbrightcolors,puttinglightintotheworks.Hepaintedimagesonglass,thenhadthemfiredtohightemperatures,makingthelinesandcolorspartoftheglass.(然后夏加爾把他所有的精力和時(shí)間都投入到工作中。正如我們所知，許多彩色玻璃窗是由平面顏色制成的，但夏加爾使用了各種技術(shù)來(lái)創(chuàng)造他想要的效果。他靈活地運(yùn)用鮮艷的色彩，給作品注入了光。他在玻璃上作畫(huà)，然后將其高溫?zé)?，使線條和顏色成為玻璃的一部分)”可知，第5段主要講了夏加爾作品的特點(diǎn)。故選D。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThenChagalldevotedallhisenergyandtimetothework.Asweknow,manystained-glasswindowsaremadeofflatcolors,butChagallusedvarioustechniquestocreatetheeffectshewanted.(然后夏加爾把他所有的精力和時(shí)間都投入到工作中。正如我們所知，許多彩色玻璃窗是由平面顏色制成的，但夏加爾使用了各種技術(shù)來(lái)創(chuàng)造他想要的效果)”；最后一段“Chagallcreatedthestained-glasswindowsforchurchesandotherbuildingsaroundtheworlduntilhisdeathin1985.(夏加爾為世界各地的教堂和其他建筑設(shè)計(jì)了彩色玻璃窗，直到1985年去世)”可推知，夏加爾有創(chuàng)造力，意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選C。

C

Sharksareamongthebestswimmersontheplanet,butanewresearchsuggeststhateventheysometimes“holdtheirbreath”whiledivingdeepunderwater.Thereasonisthatsharksarecold-bloodedandtheirbodytemperaturematchesthewaterstheyswimin.Tododeepdives,theymustmaintainbodyheat,andthebestwaytodothatistoclosetheirgills(鰓).

Royer,aleadingresearcherattheUniversityofHawaii,setouttostudythedivinghabitsofhammerheadssharks.They’reknownforswimminginwarmercoastalwaters,butearlierstudiesshowedtheycanalsodivetoover800metersbelowthesurface.Atthosecolddepths,thewatertemperaturefallstoaslowas5℃.

Forthesesharks,thefallintemperatureisamatteroflifeanddeath.Becauseasharkcan’tproduceitsownbodyheat,itbeginstofreezethedeeperitgoes.Itsmuscles,eyesandbrainbecomesluggish(遲鈍).Ifitgetstoocold,itcan’tswim.Andifitstopsswimming,waterdoesn’tgoacrossitsgills.Itcan’tbreatheandwilleventuallydrown(溺亡).

HowisitthathammerheadsareabletogodownintothesedeepdepthsandsurviveTofindout,Royerandhiscolleaguescaughtthefishandattachedanelectronicsensortoeachshark.Thesensorwouldreleaseitselffromtheshark’sbodyafterseveralweeks.Thedatatheyfoundamazedthem:Thesharksdived,spentjustafewminutesatdepthsandthentheyshottowardsthesurface.Theyclosedtheirgillsandkeptwateroutoftheirgillssothattheirbodywouldn’tcooldown.

“Unlikeanimalswithlungs,thesharksdon’treturntothesurfacetobreathe.Instead,theysimplygotoadepthwhereit’swarmenoughforthemtofeelcomfortableandreopentheirgills.Hammerheadsareprobablynottheonlyspeciesdoingso.Ourworkisanotherexampleofhownewelectronicsensorshelptoexplaintheextraordinaryabilityoftheseanimalsacross400millionyearsofchangingoceanenvironments,”Royersaid.

8.Whatdoesthenewresearchfocusonconcerningthesharks

A.Theirhuntinghabits.B.Theirbasictypes.

C.Theirspecialbehaviors.D.Theirbodystructures.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto

A.Keepingbodyheat.B.Holdingtheirbreath.

C.Swimmingonthesurface.D.Divingdeepinthesea.

10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusabouthammerheadssharks

A.Howtheirgillsworkinthesea.

B.Howthetemperaturedropaffectsthem.

C.Whytheycansurvivetheterribleenvironment.

D.Whytheycanprotectthemselvesfromthecold.

11.WhatcanweknowfromRoyer’swords

A.Hammerheadsdependontheirlungstobreathe.

B.Thedivingstrategymaynotbeuniquetohammerheads.

C.It’shardforhammerheadstoadapttothecoldconditions.

D.It’scommonforhammerheadstostaylongatgreatdepths.

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。有新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：水溫的下降對(duì)于鯊魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)是生死攸關(guān)的問(wèn)題，鯊魚(yú)在深海潛水時(shí)，為了保持體溫，會(huì)關(guān)閉它們的鰓，“屏住呼吸”，在深處只呆了幾分鐘，然后就沖向一個(gè)足夠溫暖的深度，然后重新打開(kāi)它們的鰓自由呼吸。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Sharksareamongthebestswimmersontheplanet,butanewresearchsuggeststhateventheysometimes‘holdtheirbreath’whiledivingdeepunderwater.(鯊魚(yú)是地球上最好的游泳者之一，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，即使是鯊魚(yú)，在深海潛水時(shí)有時(shí)也會(huì)‘屏住呼吸’。)”，以及第四段“HowisitthathammerheadsareabletogodownintothesedeepdepthsandsurviveTofindout,Royerandhiscolleaguescaughtthefishandattachedanelectronicsensortoeachshark.(雙髻鯊是如何下潛到這么深的地方并存活下來(lái)的呢？為了找到答案，羅耶和他的同事們抓住了這些魚(yú)，并在每條鯊魚(yú)身上安裝了一個(gè)電子傳感器。)”可知，研究的結(jié)果是：鯊魚(yú)在深海潛水時(shí)有時(shí)也會(huì)‘屏住呼吸’，所以研究的重點(diǎn)是研究這些鯊魚(yú)在深海區(qū)存活下來(lái)的有什么特殊的行為。故選C項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Thereasonisthatsharksarecold-bloodedandtheirbodytemperaturematchesthewaterstheyswimin.Tododeepdives,theymustmaintainbodyheat,andthebestwaytodothatistoclosetheirgills(腮).(原因是鯊魚(yú)是冷血?jiǎng)游?，它們的體溫與它們所游的水域相匹配。為了進(jìn)行深海潛水，它們必須保持體溫，最好的方法就是合上鰓)”，以及第四段“Theyclosedtheirgillsandkeptwateroutoftheirgillssothattheirbodywouldn’tcooldown.(它們合上魚(yú)鰓，不讓水進(jìn)入魚(yú)鰓，這樣身體就不會(huì)降溫。)”可知，that指代上文maintainbodyheat，要保持體溫，就要合上鰓屏住呼吸，與A項(xiàng)“Keepingbodyheat”意思相同，故選A項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Forthesesharks,thefallintemperatureisamatteroflifeanddeath.Becauseasharkcan’tproduceitsownbodyheat,itbeginstofreezethedeeperitgoes.Itsmuscles,eyesandbrainbecomesluggish(遲鈍).Ifitgetstoocold,itcan’tswim.Andifitstopsswimming,waterdoesn’tgoacrossitsgills.Itcan’tbreatheandwilleventuallydrown(溺亡).(對(duì)這些鯊魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)，溫度的下降是生死攸關(guān)的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)轷忯~(yú)不能產(chǎn)生自己的體溫，所以游得越深，身體就會(huì)開(kāi)始結(jié)冰。它的肌肉、眼睛和大腦變得遲鈍。如果太冷，它就不會(huì)游泳。如果它停止游泳，水就不會(huì)流過(guò)它的鰓。它不能呼吸，最終會(huì)淹死。)”可知，海洋深處水溫下降對(duì)鯊魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)生死攸關(guān)，第三段主要講述水溫下降對(duì)鯊魚(yú)的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unlikeanimalswithlungs,thesharksdon’treturntothesurfacetobreathe.Instead,theysimplygotoadepthwhereit’swarmenoughforthemtofeelcomfortableandreopentheirgills.Hammerheadsareprobablynottheonlyspeciesdoingso.(與有肺的動(dòng)物不同，鯊魚(yú)不會(huì)回到水面呼吸。相反，它們只是去到一個(gè)足夠溫暖的深度，讓它們感到舒適，然后重新打開(kāi)它們的鰓。錘頭鯊可能不是唯一這樣做的物種。)”可知，羅耶的意思為：‘屏住呼吸’的鯊魚(yú)不會(huì)到水面上來(lái)呼吸，而是上到一個(gè)足夠溫暖的深度，就可以重新打開(kāi)它們的鰓自由呼吸了，這種潛水策略可能并不是雙髻鯊獨(dú)有的，即其他一些海洋生物可能也有這個(gè)潛水策略。故選B項(xiàng)。

D

Scientistshavecreatedanewtoolthatcanturnpeople’sthoughtsintowords.ItworksbyusinganArtificialIntelligence(AI)programtotranslatebrainactivityintowords.Thescientistssaytheprogramcouldhelppeoplewhocannotspeakbecauseofdamagetothebrain.

AlexanderHuth,ateamleaderofthescientists,says,“We’reengagedinthestudyandarelookingforwardtothebenefitsthestudycanbringtopeople.”

Thestudyinvolvestwomainparts.Thefirstisascanner(掃描儀)thatallowsthescientiststorecordbrainactivity.ThesecondisanAIsystemthattheresearcherstraintoturnvideosofbrainactivityintowords.

Torecordbrainactivitywithoutsurgery(外科手術(shù)),AlexanderandhisteamusedabigmachinecalledFMRI,whichusesstrongradiowavestocreatepicturesshowingwhichpartsofthebrainareactive.FMRIcanrecordtheactivityofthebrainasithappens.Totranslatetheserecordingsintowords,theyusedanAItoolcalled“GPT-1”.Itguesseswhichwordismostlikelytocomenext,basedonthefactsanddetailsthatcamebefore.

TheresearchersfirsttrainedGPT-1onlotsofstoriespeoplehadtoldabouttheirlives.Next,theytrainedittomakeconnectionsbetweenbrainscansandspokenwords.ThenatestwasdoneonthreehumanvolunteerstoseewhethertheAItoolreallyworked.EachpersonspentsixteenhoursinFMRIlisteningtostories.Thepeopleimaginedthestoriesastheyheardthem,andFMRIrecordedtheirbrainactivity.GPT-1thenusedtheserecordingsofbrainactivitytomakeconnectionsbetweenthewordsandideasinthestoriesandthebrainactivityofthelisteners.

AlexanderfoundthewordsGPT-1guessedwereverysimilartothewordsinthestorythatthepeoplewerelisteningto.Althoughthewordsweren’texactlythesame,theyoftencarriedthesamemeaning.

AlexandersaysthatGPT-IisthefirstAIprogramtotumwhatpeoplearethinkingintowordswithoutbrainsurgery.Theprogramisn’tsomethingthatcanbeeasilyusedtoday,mainlybecauseofthesizeandcostofFMRI.

12.WhoistheAIprogramtargetedat

A.Healthexpertsstudyinghumanbrains.B.Volunteersperformingmedicalservice.

C.Doctorsinneedofadvancedequipment.D.Speech-disabledpatientswithbraininjury.

13.OnwhatbasisdoesGPT-1translatebrainactivityintowords

A.Previouslygainedinformation.B.Processedradiowaves.

C.Instructionsfromthescientists.D.Videosofbrainsurgery.

14.Forwhatpurposewasthetestcarriedout

A.ToimprovethefunctionofFMRI.B.Toconfirmtheweaknessesofthescanner.

C.TochecktheeffectivenessoftheAIsystem.D.Tomeasurethevolunteers’memoryabilities.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext

A.FMRI:APowerfulDevicetoCureBrainIllness.

B.FMRIHasBeenUsedandWonPublicRecognition.

C.ScientistsAreTrainingAItoReadHumanThoughts.

D.Alexander:AnExpertDevotedtoDevelopingAILanguage.

【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了某科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)正在研究的一個(gè)目標(biāo)受眾為腦損傷的語(yǔ)言障礙患者的新工具“GPT-1”，它能將大腦活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為文字。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thescientistssaytheprogramcouldhelppeoplewhocannotspeakbecauseofdamagetothebrain.(科學(xué)家們表示，該項(xiàng)目可以幫助那些因大腦受損而無(wú)法說(shuō)話的人)”可知，這個(gè)人工智能項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)受眾為腦損傷的語(yǔ)言障礙患者。故選D項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“FMRIcanrecordtheactivityofthebrainasithappens.Totranslatetheserecordingsintowords,theyusedanAItoolcalled‘GPT-1’.Itguesseswhichwordismostlikelytocomenext,basedonthefactsanddetailsthatcamebefore.(功能磁共振成像可以記錄大腦的活動(dòng)。為了將這些記錄翻譯成文字，他們使用了一種名為‘GPT-1’的人工智能工具。它會(huì)根據(jù)之前的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)猜測(cè)下一個(gè)最有可能出現(xiàn)的單詞)”可知，根據(jù)之前獲得的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，GPT-1將大腦活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為文字。故選A項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“TheresearchersfirsttrainedGPT-1onlotsofstoriespeoplehadtoldabouttheirlives.Next,theytrainedittomakeconnectionsbetweenbrainscansandspokenwords.ThenatestwasdoneonthreehumanvolunteerstoseewhethertheAItoolreallyworked.(研究人員首先根據(jù)人們講述的許多關(guān)于他們生活的故事來(lái)訓(xùn)練GPT-1。接下來(lái)，他們訓(xùn)練它在腦部掃描和口語(yǔ)之間建立聯(lián)系。然后對(duì)三名人類(lèi)志愿者進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，看看人工智能工具是否真的有效)”可知，測(cè)試的目的是檢驗(yàn)人工智能工具是否真的有效。故選C項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Scientistshavecreatedanewtoolthatcanturnpeople’sthoughtsintowords.ItworksbyusinganArtificialIntelligence(AI)programtotranslatebrainactivityintowords.(科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種新工具，可以將人們的想法轉(zhuǎn)化為語(yǔ)言。它的工作原理是使用人工智能程序?qū)⒋竽X活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為文字)”可知，文章介紹了一個(gè)使用人工智能程序?qū)⒋竽X活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為文字的新工具，ScientistsAreTrainingAItoReadHumanThoughts適合作文章的標(biāo)題，故選C項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

TurnFOMOintoJOMO

It’sweekend.Youfriendsarethrowingapartywhileyoustayin.Thensuddenlyyoubegintoimaginethefunyourfriendsarehavinginyourabsence.____16____Youcan’thelpturningtosocialmediatofindout.Ifso,chancesarethatyouaresufferingFOMO—thefearofmissingout.Youhaveagreatdesiretostayconnectedwithwhatothersaredoing.

____17____Theydon’tfeeltheneedtoattendeverything.Instead,theyfindcomfortinstickingtotheirownplans.Theyfocusnotonwhattheylackbutonwhattheyhave.RatherthanfeelingFOMO,suchpeopleenjoyJOMO—thejoyofmissingout.JOMOistheemotionallyintelligentsolutiontoFOMO.Anditisthesecrettofindinghappiness.ThenhowcanweturnFOMOintoJOMO

Enjoyyourowncompany(陪伴).____18____Itmeansabandoning(放棄)theneedtocatchup,keepupandmeasureupinexchangeforachancetoengageinyourownlife.Watchingmovies,gettingaworkoutortakingupanewhobbyareallfunwaystospendyourtime.

Keepajournal.Ifyoualwayspostthefunthingsyoudoonsocialmedia,youmayfindyourselfcaringtoomuchaboutwhetherpeoplearevalidating(確認(rèn))yourexperiencesonline.Tomakeachange,youmightaswellkeepapersonaljournalonpaper.____19____Andthiscanalsohelpkeepyoursecretstoyourself.

Switchoff.Weusuallykeepourdevicesonincasesomeoneneedstoreachus.Butwhenyourmindsarealwaysonyourphone,yousimplycannotbepresent.Youareverylikelytobedistractedandunawareofwhatmatterstoyou.Sotrytoreduceyourscreentimeandliveinthemoment.____20____

A.Butsomepeoplefeeltheopposite.

B.FOMOsignalsalackofengagement.

C.Andyourinitialcalmturnsintoanxiety.

D.JOMOistheenjoymentoftimespentalone.

E.Youwillfindyouareactuallynotmissingoutonanything.

F.Feelingleftoutindicateswewanttoincreaseoursenseofbelonging.

G.Thusyoucanturnyourfocusfrompublicattentiontoprivateappreciation.

【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.G20.E

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了FOMO（恐懼錯(cuò)失）和JOMO（享受錯(cuò)失）兩種不同的感受方式，并提供了把FOMO轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镴OMO的建議。

16題詳解】

前文“It’sweekend.Youfriendsarethrowingapartywhileyoustayin.Thensuddenlyyoubegintoimaginethefunyourfriendsarehavinginyourabsence.(這是周末。你的朋友在你在家的時(shí)候開(kāi)了個(gè)派對(duì)。然后你突然開(kāi)始想象你不在的時(shí)候你的朋友們?cè)谕娴枚嚅_(kāi)心。)”描述周末錯(cuò)過(guò)朋友的派對(duì)的情景，設(shè)想自己有被忽視的想法，后文“Youcan’thelpturningtosocialmediatofindout.(你會(huì)忍不住去社交媒體上尋找答案。)”描述接下來(lái)去看社交媒體的行為，C項(xiàng)“Andyourinitialcalmturnsintoanxiety.(你最初的平靜變成了焦慮。)”符合語(yǔ)境，描述心情的轉(zhuǎn)變，承接前文的被忽視，引出后文去看社交媒體的急切，其中的anxiety與后文的can’thelp呼應(yīng)。故選C。

【17題詳解】

空處位于段首，需引出后文內(nèi)容。后文“Theydon’tfeeltheneedtoattendeverything.Instead,theyfindcomfortinstickingtotheirownplans.Theyfocusnotonwhattheylackbutonwhattheyhave.(他們覺(jué)得沒(méi)有必要參加所有的活動(dòng)。相反，他們?cè)趫?jiān)持自己的計(jì)劃中找到安慰。他們關(guān)注的不是自己缺少什么，而是自己擁有什么。)”描述與上一段對(duì)錯(cuò)失的恐懼相反的情況，有些人在自己所擁有的當(dāng)中得到安慰，A項(xiàng)“Butsomepeoplefeeltheopposite.(但有些人卻有相反的感覺(jué)。)”符合語(yǔ)境，點(diǎn)明有人感覺(jué)相反，引出后文。故選A。

【18題詳解】

前文“Enjoyyourowncompany(陪伴).(享受你自己的陪伴。)”建議享受自己的陪伴，后文“Itmeansabandoning(放棄)theneedtocatchup,keepupandmeasureupinexchangeforachancetoengageinyourownlife.(它意味著放棄追趕、保持和衡量的需要，以換取參與自己生活的機(jī)會(huì)。)”解釋這種做法的意義，D項(xiàng)“JOMOistheenjoymentoftimespentalone.(享受錯(cuò)過(guò)是享受獨(dú)處的時(shí)光。)”符合語(yǔ)境，表明應(yīng)享受獨(dú)處的時(shí)光，承上啟下，其中的enjoyment與前文的Enjoy呼應(yīng)，theenjoymentoftimespentalone是后文的It指代的對(duì)象。故選D。

【19題詳解】

前文“Tomakeachange,youmightaswellkeepapersonaljournalonpaper.(為了做出改變，你不妨在紙上寫(xiě)個(gè)人日記。)”建議寫(xiě)個(gè)人日記，后文“Andthiscanalsohelpkeepyoursecretstoyourself.(這也能幫你保守秘密。)”說(shuō)明這樣做的另一個(gè)好處，G項(xiàng)“Thusyoucanturnyourfocusfrompublicattentiontoprivateappreciation.(這樣你就可以把你的注意力從公眾的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)向私人的欣賞。)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明寫(xiě)日記的第一個(gè)好處，承上啟下，其中的privateappreciation呼應(yīng)前文的apersonaljournal。故選G。

【20題詳解】

前文“Sotrytoreduceyourscreentimeandliveinthemoment.(所以盡量減少看屏幕的時(shí)間，活在當(dāng)下。)”建議減少屏幕時(shí)間，E項(xiàng)“Youwillfindyouareactuallynotmissingoutonanything.(你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)過(guò)任何東西。)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明這樣做的好處，承接前文。故選E。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Despitetheirlackoflong-timeattention,childrendohearthewordsandwatchtheactionsoftheadultsaroundthem.Inotherwords,adultsaremajor____21____onchildren.Foroneelderlywoman,thankfully,thisisthecase.

Itwasamid-Januaryafternoonandschoolwasover.Asusual70-year-oldPatricia____22____hergrandchild,7-year-oldMariah,fromschool.

However,whentheyarrivedatMariah’shome,thingstookaterrible____23____.Oncethecarwasinthedriveway,Patricia____24____it.Patriciathoughtthecarwasinparkbutitwasactuallyinreverse(倒擋).Thecarthencontinuedtoroll____25____.Patriciaattempted____26____tostopit.However,shefellandherleggot____27____underthefronttire(輪胎)onthedriver’sside.

Mariah,whowasstillinthecaratthetime,spranginto____28____.Shequickly____29____thekeyoutafterwatchinghermotherandotheradultsoftendoso.WhatMariahdidsuccessfullystoppedthecarfrommovingfurther.

Thenextmoment,Mariah_____30_____uptoherhouseandrangthedoorbell_____31_____.Mariah’smother,Porchia,wasshockedatthe_____32_____andcalled911immediately.ItwasMariah’s_____33_____movethatallowedhergrandmatofreeherlegfromunderthecar.Fortunately,Patriciawasnotseriously_____34_____.Daysafterthe_____35_____incident(事件),Patriciarecoveredandleftthehospital.

21.A.challengesB.influencesC.commentsD.concerns

22.A.pickedupB.lookedafterC.helpedoutD.sentfor

23.A.chanceB.startC.effectD.turn

24.A.lockedB.adjustedC.exitedD.approached

25.A.outsideB.backwardC.sidewaysD.around

26.A.inpanicB.withcareC.byaccidentD.onpurpose

27.A.brokenB.lostC.stuckD.separated

28.A.touchB.lifeC.interestD.action

29.A.knockedB.pulledC.directedD.lifted

30.A.walkedB.jumpedC.climbedD.raced

31.A.anxiouslyB.activelyC.rudelyD.calmly

32.A.adventureB.emergencyC.interactionD.atmosphere

33.A.well-behavedB.hard-wonC.quick-thinkingD.eye-catching

34.A.injuredB.impactedC.threatenedD.weakened

35.A.cruelB.harmfulC.scaryD.embarrassing

【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了7歲的瑪麗亞目睹奶奶在慌張地企圖阻止汽車(chē)倒退的過(guò)程中摔倒，并導(dǎo)致她的腿卡在了駕駛員一側(cè)的前輪胎下時(shí)，瑪麗亞學(xué)著大人的樣子迅速拔下車(chē)鑰匙，成功停下車(chē)子，然后跑回家向媽媽救助，媽媽震驚中撥打911求助，帕特麗夏得以及時(shí)脫險(xiǎn)。

【21題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：換句話說(shuō)，成年人對(duì)孩子的影響很大。A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.influences有影響的人（或事物）；C.comments評(píng)論；D.concerns關(guān)注。根據(jù)上文“Despitetheirlackoflong-timeattention,childrendohearthewordsandwatchtheactionsoftheadultsaroundthem.(盡管他們?nèi)狈﹂L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的關(guān)注，但孩子們確實(shí)聽(tīng)到了這些話，并觀察了周?chē)赡耆说男袨?”可知，孩子們會(huì)觀察成年人的言行，成年人的言行舉止會(huì)影響到孩子的行為，Influences符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：像往常一樣，70歲的帕特里夏從學(xué)校接她7歲的孫女瑪麗亞。A.pickedup接人；B.lookedafter照顧；C.helpedout幫助；D.sentfor派人去請(qǐng)。根據(jù)上文“Itwasamid-Januaryafternoonandschoolwasover.(那是一月中旬的一個(gè)下午，學(xué)校已經(jīng)放學(xué)了。)”，以及本句中的7-year-oldMariah可知，放學(xué)時(shí)候，奶奶去接（pickedup）孩子，故選A項(xiàng)。

【23題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)他們到達(dá)瑪麗亞的家時(shí)，事情發(fā)生了可怕的轉(zhuǎn)變。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.start開(kāi)始；C.effect效果；D.turn拐彎，變化。根據(jù)下文“Oncethecarwasinthedriveway,Patricia