初高銜接課第3課時(shí)句子成分課件

2022級(jí)高一英語初高中銜接第三課時(shí)（最后一節(jié)銜接課）句子成分sentenceconstituentFarahYuan詞法句法銜接教學(xué)路徑詞性句子成分基本句型動(dòng)詞十大詞性并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句4X4表格主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)合句非謂語動(dòng)詞單詞發(fā)音音標(biāo)與音節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語言單位。主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和插入語。Tom

likes

rockmusic.He

likesreadinginthereadingroom.

·插入語（parenthesis）一、主語主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于______。Thepersonorthingdescribedbythesentence.Thesubjectisusuallylocatedatthe.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playing

footballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首句子成分

主語

beginning

ofthesentence二、謂語(predicate)謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由______充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Contentverbs)，連系動(dòng)詞(linkingverbs)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modalverbs)，助動(dòng)詞

(auxiliaryverbs)。動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Contentverbs)及物動(dòng)詞(Transitiveverb)vt:可以直接帶賓語:like,finish等

eg：WelearnEnglisheveryday.不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitiveverbvi:不能直接帶賓語：run,smile,listen,look等

e.g.：Horsesrunfast。Hesingswell.

系動(dòng)詞分類(Classificationoflinkverbs)△情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.Modalverbsandauxiliaryverbscannotactaspredicatesalone,butmustformpredicatestogetherwiththecontentorconnectionverbs.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表語氣和態(tài)度，can,should,may,shall,must等

助動(dòng)詞:幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，如do(does,did),will(won’t),be等

e.g.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞句子成分句子主干：主語+謂語+賓語我吃了蘋果。Iateanapple.句子枝葉：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語我昨晚快速地吃了一個(gè)很大很紅的蘋果。Iateabigredapplequicklylastnight.主語謂語賓語定、狀、補(bǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：句子成分の主語

主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。Lilylikeshernewbike.(名詞)Hegetsupearlyeveryday.(代詞)Doingexerciseisgoodforus!形式主語Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.不定式、從句等作主語時(shí)，為避頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置句首。句子成分---主語句子成分の主語測(cè)一測(cè)：主語在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.It

isimportant

to

learnEnglishwellSeeingisbelieving.句子成分の謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語通常是動(dòng)詞。主謂要一致謂語WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.e.g.Hisparentsareteachers.

Westudyhard.

Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.

HecanspeakEnglish.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）句子成分の謂語動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.6.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.5.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.測(cè)一測(cè)：謂語在哪里助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語4.Helookedaftertwoboys.句子成分の謂語句子Let’scontinuetolearnmore句子成分の賓語表示動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象說明主語“做什么”賓語CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語賓語可以用下面這些東西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()句子成分の賓語名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語句子成分の賓語

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.

A

B

C

DYoumustpaygood

attentionto

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

賓語在哪里間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等間接賓語加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等△雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。

Hegavemetwobooks.(1)Igivehimabook.改成：

(2)Hepassesmethebook.改成：

(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成：

Igiveabooktohim.Hepassesthebooktome.Hewritesalettertome.說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動(dòng)詞之后表語Hermotherisa

bank

clerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.句子成分の表語表語：跟在系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式及短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。復(fù)習(xí)：系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞表語系動(dòng)詞表語表語可以用下面這些東西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Toseeistobelieve.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名詞代詞不定式形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞從句句子成分の表語找出表語Everythinglooksnice.

Seeingisbelieving

Hefeelsmuchmoreterribletoday句子成分の表語修飾名詞或代詞,形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或者短語都可以擔(dān)任定語定語What’syourname?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.句子成分の定語Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定語Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D句子成分の定語定語：用來修飾________.形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或者短語都可以擔(dān)任定語。名詞或代詞It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞句子成分の定語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.句子成分の狀語狀語狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副詞，程度介詞短語，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句句子成分の狀語狀語狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：8.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）9.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）10.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句句子成分の狀語找出狀語He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D句子成分の狀語Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.

Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.

Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.

Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.賓語補(bǔ)足語。英語有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子的意義完整。名詞形容詞介詞短語todo不定式現(xiàn)在分詞doingdone過去分詞賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)句子成分の補(bǔ)語

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出賓補(bǔ)句子成分の補(bǔ)語當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語。我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.句子成分の同位語Exercise：找出同位語Summary2定語用來修飾名詞或代詞3狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞4賓補(bǔ)與主補(bǔ)的用法賓語/表語“是什么”,”怎么樣”1句子成分の枝干主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，七種成分記清楚。句子主干主謂賓/表，枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)。定語修飾主賓表，賓語之后常有補(bǔ)。主謂人稱數(shù)一致，狀語位置最靈活。

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語Practice請(qǐng)根據(jù)所學(xué)，劃出該句各種句子成分句子成分主語謂語賓語（1）Thankyousomuch

!課堂練習(xí):請(qǐng)找出下列句子謂語并判斷其動(dòng)詞類型。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞possiblyaboutsuccessfullyandhomelesspainfulthe課后練習(xí)（句子成分）

1.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.（

）2.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?（

）3.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.（

）4.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.（

）5.Heisinterestedinmusic.（

）6.Whomdidyougivemybookto?（

）請(qǐng)找出下列句子謂語并判斷其動(dòng)詞類型助動(dòng)詞＋系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞Practice2.請(qǐng)指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。()1．Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.A.主語