2022-2023學年遼寧省鐵嶺市昌圖縣重點中學高二下學期期末考試英語試題（原卷版+解析版無聽力音頻及聽力原文）

第第頁2022-2023學年遼寧省鐵嶺市昌圖縣重點中學高二下學期期末考試英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力音頻及聽力原文）2022～2023學年度下學期高二年級期末考試

英語試卷

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A.f19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhereisTony

A.InLondon.B.InToronto.C.InNewYork.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Doctorandpatient.B.Passengeranddriver.C.Teacherandstudent.

3.Whatdoesthewomanmean

A.Shewillchangehisjob.

B.Shewillbuythesuitfortheman.

C.Thecolorofthesuitisnotsuitable.

4.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace

A.Inabank.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inadepartmentstore.

5.Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation

A.Thewomandoesn’tlikegrapejuice.

B.Thewomanforgottobuygrapejuice.

C.Themanbrokethebottleofthegrapejuice.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6Whatwillthemandotomorrow

A.Haveatest.B.Playbasketball.C.Goshopping.

7.WhofirstbuiltthePanamaCanal

A.TheAmericans.B.TheFrench.C.TheCanadians.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whydoesthewomanrefusetogotothedinner

A.Becauseshehastoseeadoctor.

B.Becauseshehastodoherhomework.

C.Becauseshemustlookafterhermother.

9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo

A.Gotobuysomemedicine.

B.Havedinnerwithhimthistonight.

C.Sendhermothertoseeadoctor.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo

A.Stopeatingmeat.

B.Walktohiscompany.

C.Getupearlyeverymorning.

11.Whydidthemanstopwalkingtowork

A.Hehurthimselfintheleg.

B.Hewasalwayslateforwork.

C.Hefelttootiredtokeepdoingso.

12.Howdoesthewomanliketheman’sdecision

A.Shedeniesit.B.Shedoubtsit.C.Shedislikesit.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatdidthewomanfindaplacefor

A.Abirthdayparty.B.Adinnerparty.C.Agraduationparty.

14.WhywasthewomanunabletochooseBrown’sCafe

A.Itistooold.

B.Itwillbeclosedthen.

C.Ithasnofreerooms.

15.WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheGardenHouse

A.Itisquitefar.B.Itisnotbigenough.C.Itisratherexpensive.

16.Wheredidthemangolastweek

A.TotheOperaCafe.

B.TotheGardenHouse.

C.TotheUniversityHotel.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatcanyouexpectatthedinnertable

A.Aninterestinggame.B.Aninformaltalk.C.Ameaningfulstory.

18.Whatgiftcanbegiventothehostess

A.Wine.B.Handbags.C.Flowers.

19.Howshouldyoudoifyouarriveverylate

A.Changetheappointedtime.

B.Waitforthehostess’pickingup.

C.Calltoletthehostessknow.

20.Whatshouldyouavoidwhenyou’reinvitedtoanAmericanfamily

A.Takingoffyourshoes.B.Arrivingearlier.C.Bringingngift.

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

ShortfieldtripstolocalbusinessescanhelpEnglishlearnersbegintotryouttheirlanguageskills.Thislessonplanhelpsprovidestructureforyourlearnersforafieldtrip.

Aim:

●Todevelopspeakingskillswithnativespeakersotherthantheteacher.

Activities:

●Shortfieldtripstolocalbusinesses,governmentofficesandothersitesofinterest.

Level:

●Alllevelsexceptforabsolutebeginners.

LessonOutline:

●Beginthelessonwithashortwarm-up.Takeshoppingforexample,Ideally,sharewiththestudentsyourfirstshoppinginEnglishlocally,Invitethestudentstotellabouttheirownstories.

●Gatherinformationaroundthetheme.Forexample,ifstudentslookintopurchasingahometheatersystem,onegroupcouldexploretheoptionsforTVs,onegroupforsurroundsoundandanothergroupforblue-rayplayers,etc.

●Havestudentsbreakupintogroupsofthreetofourandeachgroupdividestheirowntasksintoatleastfourseparateparts.Forexample,intheexampleofbuyingahometheatersystem,thegroupresponsibleforresearchingTVoptionsmighthavethreetasks:WhichsizeisbestforwhichlivingsituationWhichcablesarerequiredWhatisthebestpaymentoption

●Circulateintheroom,helpingstudentswiththeirquestions.

●Askeachgrouptoroleplaysituationsdependingonthecontext,likesalesperson,touristagencyrepresentative,employmentofficer,etc,

Follow-upInClass:

Herearesomeideastouseashomeworktohelpreviewwhatstudentshaveleanedontheirshortfieldtrips:

●Createshortrole-playsbasedontheirexperiences.

●Drawupvocabularytreesemployingnewvocabularystudiedduringtheirshortfieldtrip.

●Shortwritingassignmentssummarizingtheirexperience.

●Groupreportsbacktoclass.

1.Whatarethestudentsexpectedtodoatthebeginningoftheclass

A.Sharetheirtheme-relatedexperiences.B.Chooseafieldfromavailableoptions.

C.Claimtheirowntasksforthefieldtrip.D.Comeupwithathemeforthefieldtrip.

2.Whichisthestudents’homework

A.Watchingtherole-playsabouttheirtrip.B.Creatingdrawingstosummarizethetrip.

C.Reportingtheirfruitsofthetripbygroup.D.Explainingthemeaningsofthenewwords.

3.Whoisthetextintendedfor

A.Ajuniorguide.B.AnEnglishinstructor.

C.Alocalbusinessmanager.D.AnadvancedEnglishlearner.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一個短期的實地考察項目，說明了項目的目標、活動和課程大綱等信息。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LessonOutline:部分中“Takeshoppingforexample,Ideally,sharewiththestudentsyourfirstshoppinginEnglishlocally,Invitethestudentstotellabouttheirownstories.(以購物為例，最好在當?shù)赜糜⒄Z與學生分享你的第一次購物，邀請學生講述自己的故事)”以及“●Gatherinformationaroundthetheme.(●圍繞主題收集信息)”可知，學生在課程開始時應該分享與主題相關的經(jīng)歷。故選A。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“●Shortwritingassignmentssummarizingtheirexperience.(●簡短的寫作作業(yè)，總結(jié)他們的經(jīng)驗)”以及最后一段“●Groupreportsbacktoclass.(●小組向班級匯報)”可知，學生的家庭作業(yè)是分組匯報他們的考察成果。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ShortfieldtripstolocalbusinessescanhelpEnglishlearnersbegintotryouttheirlanguageskills.Thislessonplanhelpsprovidestructureforyourlearnersforafieldtrip.(到當?shù)仄髽I(yè)進行短期的實地考察可以幫助英語學習者開始嘗試他們的語言技能。本課程計劃有助于為您的學習者提供實地考察的結(jié)構)”可推知，文章針對的是英語教師。故選B。

B

LyndaDoughty,amarinebiologist,developedapassionformarinewildlifeduringherchildhood.GrowingupalongthecoastofMaine,shewitnessedtheimpactofhumanactivityonmarinemammalsandshemadeitherlife’sworktoprotectthem.“Ifeelthisintenseresponsibilitytohelptheseanimals,”Lyndasaid.“And,really,thisiswhatIwasputonthisEarthtodo.”

HarborsealsareamongthemostcommonmammalsfoundalongtheEastCoast,andtheyfacevariousthreatstotheirwell-being,includingfishingnetsandillegalfeeding,chemicalpollutants,aswellasboatandpropeller(螺旋槳)injuries.

Earlierinhercareer,sheworkedforamarinemammalemergencyresponseorganizationthateventuallyclosedduetolackoffunding.Tofillthegapleftbythegroup,Lyndastartedherownnon-profitorganization—MarineMammalsofMainein2023.Ithassinceprovidedresponseandmedicalcareformorethan3,000marinemammals.

Lynda’steamoperatesa24-hourhotlinethatrespondstocallsregardingmarinemammalsindanger.Theirpermitallowsthemtorespondtomammalsstranded(擱淺)within2,500milesofthecoastline,andherteamonlyoffershelpifthemammalisincriticalcondition.CriticallyillmammalsaretransportedtoLynda’scenterandnursedbacktohealth.Sealstypicallyrequirethreeormoremonthsofprofessionalcaretreatmentbeforetheyarereleasedbackintotheocean.

Inadditiontomammalrescues,MarineMammalsofMaineconductsimportantresearchtolearnaboutmarinemammalhabitatsandhumanimpacts.Marinemammalscangiveuscluesabouttheocean’shealth,whichultimatelyaffectshumanwell-beingaswell.Theorganizationalsohelpspromotemarineconservationamongyouthandthelocalcommunity.Inaddition,theyinstructthepubliconwhattodo,andwhatnottodo,whenencounteringwildspecieslikeharborseals.

4.WhatdoLynda’swordsmean

A.ShewasbornalongthecoastofMaine.

B.Sheignoredtheimpactofhumanactivity.

C.Shedidherworkwithasenseofmission.

D.Sheprotectedmarinewildlifeatayoungage.

5.WhydidLyndasetupMarineMammalsofMainein2023

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Toreplacethegroup.

C.Tomakethegroupanon-profitorganization.

D.Torestartmarinemammalemergencyresponse.

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutLynda’steamfromparagraph4

A.Itonlytreatscriticallyillseals.

B.Itrescuesmarinemammalsindanger.

C.Itprotectsallendangeredmarinemammals.

D.Itstopspeoplefromfishingmarinemammals.

7.What’sthepurposeofparagraph5

A.Tostateyoungergenerationsneedtobeinstructed.

B.Tostresstheseveresituationsthatmarinelifefaces.

C.TomentionothersocialcontributionsofLynda’steam.

D.Toshowhumanshaveagreatimpactonmarinemammals.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了多爾蒂從小熱愛海洋野生動物，在成為海洋生物學家后，她成立了非營利機構救助海豹的故事。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第一段中的““Ifeelthisintenseresponsibilitytohelptheseanimals,”Lyndasaid.“And,really,thisiswhatIwasputonthisEarthtodo.”(琳達說：“我感到有責任幫助這些動物?！薄笆聦嵣?，這就是我在這個地球上要做的事情?！?”可知，琳達覺得自己有責任幫助這些動物，做著應該做的事情，可得出她帶著使命感在工作。故選C項。

【5題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Earlierinhercareer,sheworkedforamarinemammalemergencyresponseorganizationthateventuallyclosedduetolackoffunding.Tofillthegapleftbythegroup,Lyndastartedherownnon-profitorganization—MarineMammalsofMainein2023.(在她職業(yè)生涯的早期，她曾為一家海洋哺乳動物應急組織工作，該組織最終因缺乏資金而關閉。為了填補該組織留下的空白，琳達于2023年創(chuàng)辦了自己的非營利組織——緬因州海洋哺乳動物)”可知，琳達在2023年成立了緬因州海洋哺乳動物協(xié)會是因為要重啟海洋哺乳動物應急響應。故選D項。

【6題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Lynda’steamoperatesa24-hourhotlinethatrespondstocallsregardingmarinemammalsindanger.Theirpermitallowsthemtorespondtomammalsstranded(擱淺)within2,500milesofthecoastline,andherteamonlyoffershelpifthemammalisincriticalcondition.(琳達的團隊運營著一條24小時熱線，接聽有關處于危險中的海洋哺乳動物的電話。他們的許可證允許他們對擱淺在海岸線2500英里以內(nèi)的哺乳動物做出反應，她的團隊只有在哺乳動物情況危急的情況下才會提供幫助)”可知，琳達團隊拯救處于危險中的海洋哺乳動物。故選B項。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第五段中的“Inadditiontomammalrescues,MarineMammalsofMaineconductsimportantresearchtolearnaboutmarinemammalhabitatsandhumanimpacts.(除了哺乳動物救援，緬因州海洋哺乳動物協(xié)會還進行了重要的研究，以了解海洋哺乳動物的棲息地和對人類的影響)”和“Inaddition,theyinstructthepubliconwhattodo,andwhatnottodo,whenencounteringwildspecieslikeharborseals.(該組織還幫助促進青年和當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的海洋保護。此外，當遇到像海豹這樣的野生物種時，他們會指導公眾該做什么，不該做什么)”可知，第五段目的在于提及琳達團隊的其他社會貢獻。故選C項。

C

Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遺產(chǎn))oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.Alongwiththeinvisiblelifeskillsyougetfromthoseformativeyearsoncampus,collegecomeswithabankablepayout:AGeorgetownUniversitystudyfoundthat,onaverage,collegegraduatesmakeamilliondollarsmoreoveralifetimethanpeoplewhostopathighschool.

Recently,aBronxnonprofitaskedmetospeaktoagroupofhighschoolerswhosefamilieswerestrugglingfinancially.Theparticipantswere(rightly)worriedabouttakingontoomuchcollegedebt.Here’swhatItoldthem:Evenwhenyousubtract(扣除)tuition,lostearningsduringthecollegeyears,andotherfactors,anaveragecollegegradwillstilltakein$300,000morethanthosewithoutacollegedegree.

Andwhilerisingtuitionfeesareaseriousworry,freecollegeprogramsofonekindoranotherhavesprungupinmorethan20states.Myownhomestate,NewYork,boastsoneofthemostcomprehensiveefforts.TheExcelsiorScholarshipprogramguaranteesthatstudentsatpublicinstitutionsattendtuition-freeiftheirfamilyearnsunder$110,000ayear.

EveninSiliconValley,wheretherearemanysuccessfulpeoplewhodon’townacollegedegree,Iaskedagroupofparentsthereifit’struethatkidsaregivingupacollegedegreebecausethey’resurethey’llberichpeople.Theanswerwasaresounding,unapologeticno.

ThetruthisthatinthisSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)-centricage,anyformofhome-schoolingorsocialeducationcan’treplacetheformalschooleducation.Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.

8.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.

A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparison

C.giveanexampleD.presentanargument

9.Whatcanweinferfromthetext

A.FreecollegeprogramsareavailableallovertheUSA.

B.IntheSTEM-centricage,acollegedegreeisessential.

C.InNewYork,allpublicschoolstudentsaretuition-free.

D.Childrenfromrichfamiliesdon’tneedacollegedegree.

10.Whatishappeningtothelow-endcareers

A.Theyaredevelopingveryrapidly.

B.TheyareallbeingengagedbyAI.

C.Theyarealldependingonadegree.

D.TheyaredisappearingbecauseofAI.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext

A.Whydoyouneedacollegedegree

B.Wherecanyouenjoyfreeeducation

C.WhatisamustintheSTEM-centricage

D.HowmuchdopeoplewithadegreeearninUS

【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了你為什么需要大學學位的理由。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遺產(chǎn))oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.(無論你的孩子能指望一筆可觀的遺產(chǎn)，還是你的家庭正處于一個又一個的支付期，大學學位都是必須的)”，“AGeorgetownUniversitystudyfoundthat,onaverage,collegegraduatesmakeamilliondollarsmoreoveralifetimethanpeoplewhostopathighschool.(喬治城大學的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大學畢業(yè)生一生的平均收入比高中畢業(yè)的人多100萬美元)”和文章講述了你為什么需要大學學位的理由可知，寫第一段是為了提出論點：大學學位都是必須的。故選D項。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。由最后一段“ThetruthisthatinthisSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)-centricage,anyformofhome-schoolingorsocialeducationcan’treplacetheformalschooleducation.Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.(事實是，在這個以STEM（科學、技術、工程和數(shù)學）為中心的時代，任何形式的家庭教育或社會教育都無法取代正規(guī)的學校教育。尤其是在許多低端職業(yè)被人工智能（AI）取代的時代，大學學位可以給你的孩子帶來優(yōu)勢)”可得出，在以STEM為中心的時代，大學學位是必不可少的。故選B項。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Especiallyinanagewhenmanylow-endcareersarebeingreplacedbyartificialintelligence(AI),acollegedegreecangiveyourkidanedge.(尤其是在許多低端職業(yè)被人工智能（AI）取代的時代，大學學位可以給你的孩子帶來優(yōu)勢)”可知，由于人工智能，低端職業(yè)正在消失。故選D項。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第一段中的“Whetheryourkidcancountonasizableinheritance(遺產(chǎn))oryourfamilyislivingpayperiodtopayperiod,acollegedegreeisamust.(無論你的孩子能指望一筆可觀的遺產(chǎn)，還是你的家庭正處于一個又一個的支付期，大學學位都是必須的)”和文章講述了你為什么需要大學學位的理由可知，A項“你為什么需要大學學位？”適合做標題。故選A項。

D

Asteroids(小行星)arebelievedtohaveformedearlyinoursolarsystem’shistory—about4.5billionyearsago—whenacloudofgasanddustcalledthesolarnebula(太陽星云)collapsedandformedoursunandtheplanets.ByvisitingthesenearEarthobjectstostudythematerialthatcamefromthesolarnebula,wecanlookforanswerstosomeofhumankind’smostarrestingquestions,suchas:HowdidthesolarsystemformandwheredidtheEarth’swaterandotherorganicmaterialssuchascarboncomefromInadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.

Ifwedon’twanttogothewayofthedinosaurssomeday,weneedtoprotectourselvesagainstthethreatofbeinghitbyabigasteroid.AccordingtoNASA,typicallyaboutonceevery10,000years,arockyorironasteroidthesizeofafootballfieldcouldcrashintoourplanetandpossiblycausetidalwavesbigenoughtofloodcoastalareas.

Butwhatwereallyhavetofearisasteroidsabout328feetacrossorbigger.Suchanimpactwouldcauseafirestormandfilltheatmospherewithsun-blockingdust,whichwouldwipeoutforestsandfarmfieldsandstarvethehumanandanimallifethatitdidn’timmediatelykill.

That’swhyit’svitaltodevelopawaytoneutralizesuchathreattoEarth.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest,launchedinlateNovember2023,wasthefirstmissiontodemonstrateatechnologycalledasteroidredirectionbymanmadeimpactor.AroboticspacecraftwillbecrashedintoanasteroidnamedDidymos,inanefforttoshowthatit’spossibletoslightlychangethepathofanasteroid.ThatwouldenableNASAtoredirectpotentialthreatstomissEarth.

12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout

A.Howsolarsystemcameintobeing.

B.Howlongasteroidshaveexisted.

C.Whyasteroidsaretobeexplored.

D.WhenasteroidswillimpactEarth.

13.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursinparagraph2

A.Tomakethetextmoreinteresting.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Tograbreaders’attentiontoasteroids.

D.Toshowthedisasterfromanasteroidimpact.

14Whichcanbestreplace“neutralize”underlinedinparagraph4

A.strengthenB.avoidC.beautifyD.realize

15.Whatcanweknowaboutasteroids

A.Dinosaursmayliveonsomeofthem.

B.TheywereformedearlierthanEarth.

C.ExploringthemhelpsusknowEarth.

D.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTestfailed.

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了了解小行星的好處，但也需謹防其對地球的危險，介紹了米國國家航空航天局的人造撞擊器小行星重定向技術及其演示。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第一段中的“ByvisitingthesenearEarthobjectstostudythematerialthatcamefromthesolarnebula,wecanlookforanswerstosomeofhumankind’smostarrestingquestions,suchas:HowdidthesolarsystemformandwheredidtheEarth’swaterandotherorganicmaterialssuchascarboncomefromInadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.(通過訪問這些近地天體來研究來自太陽星云的物質(zhì)，我們可以尋找一些人類最引人注目的問題的答案，例如：太陽系是如何形成的，地球的水和碳等其他有機物質(zhì)來自哪里？除了解開關于我們太陽系的線索外，小行星還可能提供關于我們地球的線索。通過更多地了解小行星，我們可能會更多地了解過去對地球的撞擊，并可能找到減少未來撞擊威脅的方法)”可知，第一段主要講了為什么要探索小行星。故選C項。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifwedon’twanttogothewayofthedinosaurssomeday,weneedtoprotectourselvesagainstthethreatofbeinghitbyabigasteroid.AccordingtoNASA,typicallyaboutonceevery10,000years,arockyorironasteroidthesizeofafootballfieldcouldcrashintoourplanetandpossiblycausetidalwavesbigenoughtofloodcoastalareas.(如果有一天我們不想走恐龍的路，我們需要保護自己免受被大小行星撞擊的威脅。據(jù)米國國家航空航天局稱，通常每10000年就會有一顆足球場大小的巖石或鐵小行星撞擊我們的星球，并可能引發(fā)足以淹沒沿海地區(qū)的潮汐)”可知，通常每10000年就會有一顆足球場大小的巖石或鐵塊大小的小行星撞擊我們的星球，并可能引發(fā)災難，恐龍已滅絕，在第二段中提到恐龍是為了展示小行星撞擊造成的災難。故選D項。

【14題詳解】

詞句猜測題。由第四段中的“That’swhyit’svitaltodevelopawaytoneutralizesuchathreattoEarth.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest,launchedinlateNovember2023,wasthefirstmissiontodemonstrateatechnologycalledasteroidredirectionbymanmadeimpactor.(這就是為什么開發(fā)一種方法來neutralize對地球的這種威脅至關重要。米國國家航空航天局的雙小行星重定向于2023年11月下旬啟動，是首次演示人造撞擊器小行星重定向技術的任務)”和“ThatwouldenableNASAtoredirectpotentialthreatstomissEarth.(這將使米國國家航空航天局能夠?qū)撛诘耐{重新定向為錯過地球)”可知，人造撞擊器小行星重定向技術能使小行星錯過地球，可得出這是一種消除對地球威脅的方法，劃線詞意為“避開（avoid）”。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Inadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.Byunderstandingmoreaboutasteroids,wemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.(除了解開關于我們太陽系的線索外，小行星還可能提供關于我們地球的線索。通過更多地了解小行星，我們可能會更多地了解過去對地球的撞擊，并可能找到減少未來撞擊威脅的方法)”可知，探索小行星有助于我們了解地球。故選C項。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

AreyouafraidofspeakingupfirstDoyouhesitatetogofirstinfortesting,foranintervieworforaspeech____16____However,thisisoftennotthebeststrategytofindsuccess.

WhatistheproblemofnotgoingfirstTheremightbeafew.____17____Someoneelsewillsetthetrendforwhatgoesnextandyouwillhavetofollow.Ifyougofirst,youbecomethetrend-setterandyouhavemoreofanimpactonhowthingsaregoingtodevelopnext.

____18____Someoneelseexactlytakesthechanceandtheymightcomeoffasbeingbraverormorewillingtotakerisks.Worsestill,itcansometimesmakeadifferenceinhowyouareperceived,especiallyifthereissomesortofcompetition.

Youmightalsoloseoutonpersonswhoareimportanttoyou.Ifyoudarenottalktoapersonfirst,maybeheorshewillnottalktoyouandyouwillmissoutonapotentialfriendorpartner.____19____Butifyoutakethefirststep,thoughyoumightnotalwayssucceed,youwillknowthatyouhavetriedhardtotakethechance.

Hence,giveyourselfpermissiontobefirst.Introduceyourselffirstandseehowmucheasieritmakesyourrelationships.Goonstagefirst.Answerthequestionfirst.____20____

A.Despitethefacts,it’snoteasytogofirst.

B.Itleavesyouafollowerratherthanaleader.

C.Thereisnothingwrongwithgoingfirstinyourdailylife.

DManypeopleprefertowaitandletanotherpersongofirst.

E.Youwillmissoutontheopportunitytomakethefirstimpression.

F.Ifyouarehesitating,yourcompetitoristakingactionaheadofyou.

G.Bevolunteertodothingsfirstandotherswilllookuptoyouforbeingbrave.

【答案】16.D17.B18.E19.F20.G

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了不敢第一個做事導致的問題以及建議勇敢做第一個嘗試的人。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“AreyouafraidofspeakingupfirstDoyouhesitatetogofirstinfortesting,foranintervieworforaspeech(你害怕先說出來嗎？你是否會猶豫要不要先去參加考試、面試或演講？)”以及后文“However,thisisoftennotthebeststrategytofindsuccess.(然而，這通常不是獲得成功的最佳策略)”可知，本句主要是在回答上文的問題，說明一個大多數(shù)人都會采取的策略。故D選項“許多人寧愿等待，讓另一個人先去”符合語境，故選D。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“WhatistheproblemofnotgoingfirstTheremightbeafew.(不先去有什么問題？可能會有一些)”以及后文“Someoneelsewillsetthetrendforwhatgoesnextandyouwillhavetofollow.Ifyougofirst,youbecomethetrend-setterandyouhavemoreofanimpactonhowthingsaregoingtodevelopnext.(其他人會為接下來的事情設定趨勢，而你將不得不跟隨。如果你走在前面，你就會成為潮流的引領者，你就會對接下來的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生更大的影響)”可知，后文提到了“如果你走在前面，你就會成為潮流的引領者”，說明不第一個去會導致無法成為領導者，而是追隨他人。故B選項“這會讓你成為一個跟隨者而不是領導者”符合語境，故選B。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Someoneelseexactlytakesthechanceandtheymightcomeoffasbeingbraverormorewillingtotakerisks.Worsestill,itcansometimesmakeadifferenceinhowyouareperceived,especiallyifthereissomesortofcompetition.(有些人會抓住機會，他們可能會表現(xiàn)得更勇敢或更愿意冒險。更糟糕的是，它有時會改變你在別人心目中的形象，尤其是在存在某種競爭的情況下)”可知，后文提到了“改變你在別人心目中的形象”，即給人的留下的印象，故E選項“你會錯過給人留下第一印象的機會”符合語境，故選E。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Youmightalsoloseoutonpersonswhoareimportanttoyou.Ifyoudarenottalktoapersonfirst,maybeheorshewillnottalktoyouandyouwillmissoutonapotentialfriendorpartner.(你也可能失去對你很重要的人。如果你不敢先和一個人說話，也許他或她不會和你說話，你就會錯過一個潛在的朋友或伴侶)”以及后文“Butifyoutakethefirststep,thoughyoumightnotalwayssucceed,youwillknowthatyouhavetriedhardtotakethechance.(但是，如果你邁出了第一步，盡管你可能并不總是成功，但你會知道你已經(jīng)努力嘗試過了)”可知，后文與本句構成轉(zhuǎn)折關系，指出猶豫的壞處：你的競爭對手已經(jīng)在你前面采取行動了。故F選項“如果你在猶豫，你的競爭對手已經(jīng)在你前面采取行動了”符合語境，故選F。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Hence,giveyourselfpermissiontobefirst.Introduceyourselffirstandseehowmucheasieritmakesyourrelationships.Goonstagefirst.Answerthequestionfirst.(因此，允許自己成為第一個。首先介紹你自己，看看這會讓你們的關系變得容易多少。先上臺吧。先回答問題)”可知，上文提到“先上臺吧。先回答問題”，說明在鼓勵主動去成為第一個做這件事的人，故G選項“主動做第一件事，別人會因為你的勇敢而尊敬你”符合語境，故選G。

第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastgettomeetonnationaltelevision.

Whenhiswifeof72yearspassedawaysixyearsago,PeterDavies____21____hefeltlike“almostsoul”.The100-year-oldmanfromMacclesfield,England____22____tofindnewpurposeinhislife,sowhenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,he____23____togoforit.

“Iwasmarriedfor72years,andwhenmywifedied,lifechanged____24____,”Peterexplained.“Mydaughtersuggestedthat,togetsome____25____backintomylife,IdosomethingI’m____26____ofdoing.”

Peterchoseto____27____ataprimaryschool,andhewasahuge____28____withallofthechildrenhetutored.He____29____readingintoafungame.Besides,hisnew_____30_____asagrandfatherlyfiguremadehimfeelmoreconnectedtohiscommunitythaneverbefore.

“The_____31_____aregreat,”saidPeter.“I’msureIgetmorethanthekidsdo.ItisalovelywarmfeelingthatI_____32_____thecommunity.I’mpartofit.Moreover,myimageis_____33_____.WhereverIgointhevillage,achildwillshout‘HelloMr.Davies.Ifeel10feettall.”

Recentlyhewas_____34_____withaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipient,18-year-oldDaraMcAnulty.“Heisthefuture,andIamthepast,”Petersaid.“It’sjustsimpleasthat,itreallyis.I’m_____35_____forhim.”

21.A.admittedB.suspectedC.provedD.argued

22.A.refusedB.struggledC.regrettedD.pretended

23.A.failedB.determinedC.requestedD.forgot

24.A.dramaticallyB.temporarilyC.casuallyD.secretly

25.A.informationB.creationC.affectionD.meaning

26.A.afraidB.tiredC.capableD.ashamed

27.A.studyB.performC.investigateD.volunteer

28.A.starB.scholarC.hitD.model

29.A.expandedB.transformedC.recoveredD.compared

30.A.responsibilityB.challengeC.statusD.mission

31.A.assistantsB.instructorsC.applicantsD.kids

32.A.belongtoB.objecttoC.adapttoD.reachto

33.A.apparentB.tremendousC.flexibleD.particular

34.A.remarkedB.accompaniedC.honouredD.impressed

35.A.concernedB.respectfulC.embarrassedD.delighted

【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.D28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是二戰(zhàn)老兵彼得戴維斯在妻子去世之后，在女兒的建議下去當?shù)匦W當志愿者，與孩子們的接觸讓他重新找到了生活的意義，也因此成為名人。

【21題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當結(jié)婚72年的妻子6年前去世時，彼得戴維斯承認他覺得自己幾乎成了魂靈。A.admitted承認；接納；B.suspected懷疑；猜想；C.proved證明；證實；D.argued爭論；辯論。根據(jù)空前“Whenhiswifeof72yearspassedawaysixyearsago,”以及空后“hefeltlike“almostsoul”.”可以推斷妻子去世后彼得戴維斯感覺自己就像魂靈一樣，此處指他在坦白自己內(nèi)心的感受。故選A項。

【22題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這位來自英格蘭麥克爾斯菲爾德的100歲老人一直在努力尋找新的人生目標，所以當他的女兒建議他去當?shù)氐男W幫忙時，他決定去做。A.refused拒絕；B.struggled掙扎；斗爭；C.regretted遺憾；后悔；D.pretended假裝。根據(jù)前文“PeterDavies____1____hefeltlike“almostsoul”.”以及空后“tofindnewpurposeinhislife”以及后文““Mydaughtersuggestedthat,togetsome____5____backintomylife,IdosomethingI’m____6____ofdoing.””可知妻子的去世讓彼得戴維斯內(nèi)心非常難過，所以女兒建議他去努力尋找生活的目標及意義所在。故選B項。

【23題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這位來自英格蘭麥克爾斯菲爾德的100歲老人一直在努力尋找新的人生目標，所以當他的女兒建議他去當?shù)氐男W幫忙時，他決定去做。A.failed失??；B.determined決定；C.requested要求；D.forgot遺忘。根據(jù)空后