語法填空高效解題秘招同課異構(gòu)

語法填空

純空格純空格題考查的是冠詞、代詞、連接詞（包括并列句、從句）以及介詞。在解題時，除了要借助語法知識來進(jìn)行判斷，還要抓住上下文意來解題。1.當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語或同位語時，填代詞。人稱代詞:主格，賓格反身代詞:

myself,yourself,…名詞性物主代詞:

mine,yours,…不定代詞:something,anything,…

both,either,neither,all,any,noneit,that,one,those指示代詞：this,that,these,thoseit的用法熟記一些搭配，如thosewho…,byoneself等。2.名詞前面需要限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，可以作定語的不定代詞）冠詞：a,an,the形容詞性物主代詞：my,your,…作定語的不定代詞：any(任何的),both,neither,all,none,another,other等比較：another,other,theother,others,theothers1.another+單數(shù)名詞，泛指，“另一個”；another+數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

anotherbook;anotherfewchairs2.theother+單數(shù)名詞，特指，“兩者中的另一個”theothersideoftheroad3.other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指，“其它的，別的”Thereareotherwaysofdoingit.4.theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，特指，表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其它全部Wherehavetheotherstudentsgone?5.others只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，其后不能再接名詞，泛指，用法大致相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”O(jiān)thersmaythinkthatway.6.theothers，特指，“其余的”，用法大致相當(dāng)于“theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”Heisclevererthantheothersinhisclass.固定搭配：(1)one…another…一個…另一個(2)some…other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞一些…另一些(3)some…theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

=some…theothers一些…其它的…3.如果句子不缺主語或表語，動詞后不缺賓語，則在名詞或代詞前一定填介詞。主要看固定搭配和上下文語境注意：like,as,with/without4.連接詞若兩個或兩個以上的單詞，短語，并列句之間沒有連詞，則填連詞主從復(fù)合句（定語從句，名詞性從句，狀語從句）狀語從句的幾個固定句式(1)nosooner…than…;hardly…when…一…就…(2)bedoing…when…;beabouttodo…when…

正在做/正要做…突然…(3)Ithasbeen…since

自從…以來有多長時間IthasbeenfivemonthssinceourbossleftBeijing.(4)Itwon’tbelongbefore…不久就能…Itwillbelongbefore…要過很久才…Itwon’tbelongbeforetheycomeback.(5)Itwasnotuntil…that…(not…until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句)ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.--NotuntilthemeetingwasoverdidhebegintoteachmeEnglish.(notuntil放句首的倒裝句)(6)Although/Though+讓步狀語從句=adj./adv./n.+

as

+主+謂Childasheis,heknowsquitealotofthehistoryofChina.補(bǔ)充：地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句常用where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等連詞引導(dǎo)。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Makemarkswhereyouhaveanyquestions.Hewouldkeepintouchwithuswhereverhewas.比較：where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，名詞性從句Weshallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.(定語從句)Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom.(名詞性從句)5.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是表強(qiáng)調(diào)的do，does，did(2)填it或that，以構(gòu)成itis/was…that/who…這個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。（較有可能考）謂語動詞happen是原形，而前后語境的謂語動詞都是過去式，時態(tài)不一致句意“我解釋說，雖然我沒有帶現(xiàn)金，但我的確恰好有一張新毯子”，故填助動詞did，對謂語動詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。1.(2010茂名一模)IexplainedthatwhileIdidn’tcarryanycash,I_____happentohaveanewblanket,andaskedhimifhecoulduseit.Hewasthrilled.did2.(2007肇慶二模)OncewhenIreturnedfromaSaturdaybaseballgame，___wasStevewhotookthetimetoaskmewhathappened.由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，填it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。it有提示詞有提示詞題的解題技巧自2010年以來的高考題只考查了謂語動詞的時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、詞形變化等四種情況。

歸納總結(jié)：1.當(dāng)句子缺少謂語動詞時，填謂語動詞。2.當(dāng)句子不缺謂語時，則做非謂語使用。被動語態(tài)；哪種時態(tài)；主謂一致和虛擬語氣等。1.WhenIgotthere,I_______(tell)thathe________(go)toShanghai.2.I__________(drive)alongtheroadwhenanaccidenthappenedahead.3.Ifwe__________(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.4.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpenses______(be)around$8450ayear,which_____(be)aburdenforsomeofthem.wasdrivingwastoldhadgonehadbookedareis歸納總結(jié)：當(dāng)主句完整，又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列，該動詞就是非謂語動詞。主動/進(jìn)行中V-ing

被動/完成了V-done

將來/目的todo1.Finally,hedecidedtheanimalwasold,andthewellneeded_________________(cover)upanyway;itjustwasn’tworthittosavethedonkey.2.China’sfirstaircraftcarrier,_________(measure)aslongas304metres,washandedovertothePeople’sLiberationArmyNavyin2012.3.Hediedattheageof37asaresultofaweakheart,broughtonbyyearsofpoorworkingconditionsonthefarm________(date)backtohischildhood.covering/tobecoveredmeasuringdating4.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_________(tell)thefilmstarhadleft.5.___________(drive)allday,weweresotired.6._________(compare)withpeoplewhohavetogetupearly,Iamsolucky.7.InMountBerry,Georgia,peoplefindagroupofstudents_______(build)speciallyformountainchildren.8.Thestudentswho__________(surprise)atthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.tobetoldHavingdrivenComparedbuiltweresurprised動詞進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)化OnDecember10,theanniversaryofthe______(die)ofNobel…Thisgavehima_________(value)clueaboutthecauseofthedisease.deathvaluable______________,(expect).Ishouldfailintheexam.Unexpectedly歸納總結(jié)：adj.adv

比較級或最高級。注意：要善于分析語境，理解句意，辨別省略than…的隱性比較級。特別注意：形容詞和副詞的最高級

小心結(jié)構(gòu)：oneofthe+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(2013佛山一模)The_______(busy)timeisaroundSpringFestival,becausemanypeoplegobacktotheirhometownsforfamilyreunionsorgotraveling.2.Asourcarclimbed__________(high),itbecamecolderandtherainbegantofall.busiesthigher歸納總結(jié)：當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時，就需要詞形變化。(1)作主語或賓語用________形式。(2)作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用________形式。(3)修飾動詞、形容詞或另一