膠帶輸送機(jī)的傳送裝置及外文翻譯-基于rfid技術(shù)的卷煙分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書設(shè)計(jì)題目：膠帶輸送機(jī)的傳送裝置院系：專業(yè)：班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：設(shè)計(jì)人：指導(dǎo)老師：完成日期：目錄設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書……………………1聯(lián)連軸器的選擇…………………3傳動(dòng)方案的擬定及說明………3電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇…………………4計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)……………7傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算……………8軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………16滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及計(jì)算………20鍵聯(lián)接的選擇及校核計(jì)算……23箱體的設(shè)計(jì)……………………23減速器附件的選擇………25潤(rùn)滑與密封………………25設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)…………………26參考資料目錄……………27一、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書題目：設(shè)計(jì)膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置中的展開式二級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器1.1總體布置簡(jiǎn)圖1—電動(dòng)機(jī)；2—聯(lián)軸器；3—齒輪減速器；4—帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)；5—滾輪；6—聯(lián)軸器1.2工作條件：工作年限（年）：15工作制度（班/日）：1工作環(huán)境：灰塵較少載荷性質(zhì)：輕微沖擊生產(chǎn)批量：?jiǎn)渭?.3技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)：滾筒圓周力F（N）：14000運(yùn)輸帶速度V（m/s）：0.28滾筒的直徑D（mm）：500帶速允許偏差（％）：3—51.4設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容：電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇與運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)計(jì)算；直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算軸的設(shè)計(jì)滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇鍵和連軸器的選擇與校核；裝配圖、零件圖的繪制設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書的編寫1.5設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：1）減速器總裝配圖、箱體圖各一張2）齒輪、軸零件圖各一張3）設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份1.6設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度：1）第一階段：總體計(jì)算和傳動(dòng)件參數(shù)計(jì)算2）第二階段：軸與軸系零件的設(shè)計(jì)3）第三階段：軸、軸承、聯(lián)軸器、鍵的校核及草圖繪制4）第四階段：裝配圖、零件圖的繪制及計(jì)算說明書的編寫二、聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì)先初步估計(jì)軸的最小直徑，軸選用45鋼，取C=112.由軸的設(shè)計(jì)公式得：；；。由于在軸1和軸3的最輸入和輸出端開鍵槽，連接聯(lián)軸器，故軸1最小直徑取22mm，軸3的最小直徑取50mm。聯(lián)軸器1：因?yàn)闈L筒的載荷變化不大,選彈性套注銷聯(lián)軸器。1.聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩。由工作要求，查表后取K=1.5。則計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩2.由聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算與軸的計(jì)算選用GⅡCL2的聯(lián)軸器。采用其許用最大扭矩為630N·m，許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速為4000r/min，軸孔直徑取22mm，軸孔長(zhǎng)度=38mm。聯(lián)軸器2：因?yàn)闈L筒的載荷變化不大,選用緩沖性能較好,同時(shí)具有可移性的彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器。1.聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩。由工作要求，查表后取K=1.5。則計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩2.由聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算與軸的計(jì)算選用HL4的聯(lián)軸器，其許用最大扭矩1250N·m，許用最高轉(zhuǎn)速[n]=2800r/min，軸孔直徑取50mm，軸孔長(zhǎng)度=84mm。三、傳動(dòng)方案的擬定及說明由題目所知傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)類型為：展開式二級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器。故只要對(duì)本傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析論證。本傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但齒輪相對(duì)于軸承的位置不對(duì)稱，因此要求軸又較大的剛度。高速級(jí)齒輪布置在遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)矩輸入端，這樣軸在轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用下產(chǎn)生的扭轉(zhuǎn)變形和軸在彎矩作用下產(chǎn)生的變形可部分地互相抵消，以減緩沿齒寬載荷分布不均勻的現(xiàn)象。用于載荷比較平穩(wěn)的場(chǎng)合。高速級(jí)一般做成斜齒，低速級(jí)可做成直齒。四、電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)類型和結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇因?yàn)楸緜鲃?dòng)的工作狀況是：載荷平穩(wěn)、單向旋轉(zhuǎn)。所以選用常用的封閉式Y(jié)（IP44）系列的電動(dòng)機(jī)。電動(dòng)機(jī)容量的選擇工作機(jī)所需功率PwPw＝FV/1000＝14000×0.28/1000＝3.92ｋＷ電動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出功率Pd＝Pw/η3）傳動(dòng)裝置的總效率η＝η１２η２４η３２η４η５按表1—2（《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)》P9）確定各部分效率為：彈性聯(lián)軸器效率η１=0.99滾動(dòng)軸承傳動(dòng)效率（一對(duì)）η２=0.99閉式圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)效率η３=0.97開式圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)效率η４=0.95卷筒軸滑動(dòng)軸承效率η５=0.96，代入得η＝0.992×0.994×0.972×0.95×0.96=0.808Pd＝3.36/0.808＝4.85kW電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的選擇nd＝（i1·i2…in）nw方案電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)額定功率電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速r/minkw同步轉(zhuǎn)速滿載轉(zhuǎn)速1Y160M2-85.57507202Y132M2-65.510009603Y132S-45.5150014404Y132S1-25.530002920初選為同步轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min的電動(dòng)機(jī)。4．電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)的確定輸送機(jī)卷筒的轉(zhuǎn)速為nw=60×1000V/∏D=60×1000×0.28/（3.14×500）=10.7（r/min）通常，單級(jí)圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)i1=3～6，兩級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器i2=8～60，故電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的范圍為nd’=i’.nw=(3×8～6×60)×10.7=259.6～3852（r/min）由表１４－1（《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)》P237）查出電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為Y132M２-6,其額定功率為5.5kW，滿載轉(zhuǎn)速960r/min?；痉项}目所需的要求。五、計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)一）、傳動(dòng)裝置的總傳動(dòng)比及其分配計(jì)算總傳動(dòng)比由電動(dòng)機(jī)的滿載轉(zhuǎn)速nm和工作機(jī)主動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)速nw可確定傳動(dòng)裝置應(yīng)有的總傳動(dòng)比為：i＝nm/nwnw＝10.7r/mini＝89.72合理分配各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比表1—2（《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)》P10）選單級(jí)直齒輪傳動(dòng)比i01=5，則減速箱的傳動(dòng)比為i12=i總/i01=17.94由于減速箱是展開式布置，所以i1≈1.4i2。因?yàn)閕＝17.94，取i1=5.01，i2=3.581速度偏差為0.5%<5%，所以可行。二）、計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)0軸——電動(dòng)機(jī)軸P0=Pd=4.85kWn0=nm=960r/minT0=9550P0/n0=48.25N·m1軸——高速軸P1=P0×η0=4.85×0.99=4.8015kWn1=n0=960r/minT1=9550P1/n1=47.765N·m2軸——中間軸P2=P1×η2×η3=4.85×0.99×0.97=4.61kWn2=n1/i1=960/5.01=191.62r/minT2=9550P2/n2=229.8N·m3軸——低速軸P3=P2×η2×η3=4.61×0.99×0.97=4.43kWn3=n2/i2=191.2/3.581=53.5r/minT3=9550P3/n3=790.776N·m4軸P4=P3×η1×η2=4.43×0.99×0.99=4.342kWn4=n3=53.5r/minT4=9550P4/n4=775.04N·m5軸——滾筒軸P5=P4×η2×η4=4.343×0.99×0.95=4.084kWn5=nw=10.7r/minT5=9550P5/n5=3645.06N·m軸名功率p/kw轉(zhuǎn)矩T/N·m轉(zhuǎn)速n/（r/min）傳動(dòng)比i輸入輸出輸入輸出電動(dòng)機(jī)軸1軸2軸3軸4軸滾筒軸4.8548.2596015.013.58114.80154.7547.76547.299604.6114.56229.8227.5191.24.434.38790.78782.8753.54.3424.3775.04767.2953.54.0843.923645.063499.310.7六、傳動(dòng)件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算（一）高速級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算1、選精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù)1.按圖所示的傳動(dòng)方案，選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。2.運(yùn)輸機(jī)為一般工作機(jī)器，速度不高，故選用7級(jí)精度。3.材料選擇。查表10-1(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P191)選擇小齒輪材料40Cr鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，硬度為241~286HBS，取硬度為280HBS；大齒輪材料45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，硬度為190~240HBS，取硬度為240HBS；二者硬度差為40HBS。4.選小齒輪齒數(shù)z1=20,大齒輪的齒數(shù)z2=20×5.01=100.2,取z2=100。按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式（10—9a）(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P203)進(jìn)行試算，即確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值試選載荷系數(shù)=1.5.小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩=47765N.mm。由表10-7(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P205)，軟齒面齒輪，兩支撐相對(duì)于小齒輪做非對(duì)稱安裝，取齒寬系數(shù)=1.0。由表10-6(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P201)查的材料的彈性影響系數(shù)=189.8.由圖10-21d(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P209)按齒面硬度查取小齒輪的接觸疲勞極限應(yīng)力=600Mpa，大齒輪的接觸疲勞極限應(yīng)力=550Mpa由式10-13(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P206)計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)。=60г=60×960×1×（8×300×15）=2.074×=/=2.07×/5.01=0.4139×7)由圖10-19(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P207)取接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度壽命系數(shù)：=0.88，=0.91，8)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)=1,由式（10-12）得==0.88×600=528=0.91×550=500.5計(jì)算1)==53.64mm2)計(jì)算圓周速度m/s3）計(jì)算齒寬4）計(jì)算齒寬與齒高之比模數(shù)==53.64/20=2.682mm齒高=2.25=6.0345mm=8.895)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)根據(jù)v=2.969m/s，7級(jí)精度，由圖10-8(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P194)試取動(dòng)載系數(shù)=1.11。直齒輪，==1。查表10-2(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P193)得使用系數(shù)=1.25。由表10-4(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P196)，按齒輪在兩軸承中間非對(duì)稱布置，取=1.423。由=8.89，=1.423查圖10-13(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P198)得=1.3；故載荷系數(shù)K==1.25×1.11×1×1.423=1.974按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得到分度圓直徑，由式（10-10a）得==58.78計(jì)算模數(shù)=圓整取m=3mm。=m=320=60mm=m=3100=300mm8）計(jì)算齒輪寬度取=60mm,=65mm9）按計(jì)算結(jié)果校核前面的假設(shè)是否正確：′=/=300/60=5(′-)/=-0.002<1%所以齒輪疲勞接觸強(qiáng)度安全按齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核1)計(jì)算公式按式10-4(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P200)=2)查取齒形系數(shù)由表10-5(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P200)得，小齒輪齒形系數(shù)=2.18，大齒輪齒形系數(shù)=2.80。3）查取應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)小齒輪應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)=1.79，大齒輪應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)=1.55。4）彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力=5）按圖10-20c(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P208)，查取小齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限應(yīng)力=500Mpa，大齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限應(yīng)力=380Mpa。6）由表計(jì)算彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的壽命系數(shù)=0.88，=0.827）計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力取彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)=1.4同理的=238.86Mpa比較，和的大小的到<,所以應(yīng)該按大齒輪校核齒輪彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度==75.78Mpa<=238.86Mpa,彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度足夠。幾何尺寸計(jì)算計(jì)算大、小齒輪的分度圓直徑=m=320=60mm=m=3100=300mm計(jì)算中心距a=mm計(jì)算齒輪寬度取=60mm,=65mm結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以大齒輪為例。因齒輪齒頂圓直徑大于160mm，而又小于500mm，故以選用腹板式為宜。齒輪傳動(dòng)幾何尺寸計(jì)算見下表：名稱小齒輪大齒輪模數(shù)m/m33齒數(shù)z20100壓力角α200200分度圓直徑d/mm60300齒頂高h(yuǎn)a/mm33齒根高h(yuǎn)f/mm3.753.75齒全高h(yuǎn)/mm6.756.75齒頂圓直徑da/mm66306齒根圓直徑df/mm53.5293.5基圓直徑db/mm56.38281.9齒距P/mm9.42基圓齒距Pb/mm8.852齒厚s/mm4.71齒槽寬e/mm4.71頂隙c/mm0.75標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中心距a/mm180節(jié)圓直徑d’/mm60300傳動(dòng)比i5.01（二）低速級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算1、選精度等級(jí)、材料及齒數(shù)1.按圖所示的傳動(dòng)方案，選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。2.運(yùn)輸機(jī)為一般工作機(jī)器，速度不高，故選用7級(jí)精度。3.材料選擇。查表10-1(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P191)選擇小齒輪材料40Cr鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，硬度為241~286HBS，取硬度為280HBS；大齒輪材料45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，硬度為190~240HBS，取硬度為240HBS；二者硬度差為40HBS。4.選小齒輪齒數(shù)z1=27,大齒輪的齒數(shù)z2=27×3.581=96.687,取z2=97。按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式（10—9a）(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P203)進(jìn)行試算，即確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值試選載荷系數(shù)=1.5.小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩=227300N.mm。由表10-7(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P205)，軟齒面齒輪，兩支撐相對(duì)于小齒輪做非對(duì)稱安裝，取齒寬系數(shù)=1。由表10-6(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P201)查的材料的彈性影響系數(shù)=189.8.由圖10-21d(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P209)按齒面硬度查取小齒輪的接觸疲勞極限應(yīng)力=600Mpa，大齒輪的接觸疲勞極限應(yīng)力=550Mpa由式10-13(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P206)計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)。=60г=60×191.2×1×（8×300×15）=4.139×=/=1.156×7)由圖10-19(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P207)取接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度壽命系數(shù)：=0.91，=0.93，8)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)=1,由式（10-12）得==0.91×600=546=0.93×550=558計(jì)算1)==86.98mm2)計(jì)算圓周速度3）計(jì)算齒寬4）計(jì)算齒寬與齒高之比模數(shù)==86.98/27=3.22148mm齒高=2.25=7.248mm=12.015)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)根據(jù)v=0.873m/s，7級(jí)精度，由圖10-8(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P194)試取動(dòng)載系數(shù)=1.05。直齒輪，==1。查表10-2(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P193)得使用系數(shù)=1.25。由表10-4(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P196)，按齒輪在兩軸承中間非對(duì)稱布置，取=1.434。由=12.01，=1.434查圖10-13(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P198)得=1.35；故載荷系數(shù)K==1.25×1.05×1×1.4434=1.882按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得到分度圓直徑，由式（10-10a）得==93.81計(jì)算模數(shù)=圓整取m=4mm。強(qiáng)度有些不足，為了提高強(qiáng)度采用正變位齒輪提高齒輪強(qiáng)度以滿足強(qiáng)度要求。=m=427=108mm=m=497=388mm變位前中心距a=mm應(yīng)中心距有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，前一中心距取的是180mm，則該對(duì)齒輪的中心距應(yīng)該取250mm.因?yàn)橹行木嘁鸬霓D(zhuǎn)速誤差為2/250=0.8%<1%，故無需采用高度變位齒輪。8）計(jì)算齒輪寬度取=108,=1139）按計(jì)算結(jié)果校核前面的假設(shè)是否正確：′=′/′=388/108=3.59(′-)/=0.0032<1%所以齒輪疲勞接觸強(qiáng)度安全按齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度校核1)計(jì)算公式按式10-4(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P200)=2)查取齒形系數(shù)由表10-5(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P200)得，小齒輪齒形系數(shù)=2.57，大齒輪齒形系數(shù)=2.194。3）查取應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)小齒輪應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)=1.60，大齒輪應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)=1.783。4）彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力=5）按圖10-20c(《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》P208)，查取小齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限應(yīng)力=500Mpa，大齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限應(yīng)力=380Mpa。6）由表計(jì)算彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的壽命系數(shù)=0.88，=0.97）計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力取彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)=1.4同理的=244.3Mpa比較，和的大小的到<,所以應(yīng)該按大齒輪校核齒輪彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度==77.54Mpa<=244.3Mpa,彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度足夠。幾何尺寸計(jì)算結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以大齒輪為例。因齒輪齒頂圓直徑大于160mm，而又小于500mm，故以選用腹板式為宜。2）齒輪傳動(dòng)幾何尺寸計(jì)算見下表：名稱小齒輪大齒輪模數(shù)m/m44齒數(shù)z2797壓力角α200200分度圓直徑d/mm108388齒頂高h(yuǎn)a/mm44齒根高h(yuǎn)f/mm55齒全高h(yuǎn)/mm99齒頂圓直徑da/mm116396齒根圓直徑df/mm98378基圓直徑db/mm101.5364.6齒距P/mm12.57基圓齒距Pb/mm11.81齒厚s/mm6.285齒槽寬e/mm6.285頂隙c/mm1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中心距a/mm250節(jié)圓直徑d’/mm108388傳動(dòng)比i3.581附錄B參考英文文獻(xiàn)DesignofaCigaretteSortingSystemBasedonRFIDTechnologyLeizhang,WeixingSu,KunyuanHu,LianboMaKeyLaboratoryofIndustrialInformaticsShenyangInstituteofAutomation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016,ChinaAbstractThispaperpresentsadesignmethodtosolvetheproblemsofhighfailurerateandsortinginefficienceinthecurrentcigarettesortingsystembyintegratingRFIDtechnologywithCANBUS.Basedonthefeaturesofhighspeedofdatatransmission,real-timeandhighreliability,CANBUSintelligentnodeisdesigned.RFIDtechnologyenhancesthespeedandefficiencyofcigaretteidentification.Meanwhile,usingtheLCDtouch-screenandMCGSconfigurationsoftware,theHMIoperationispromotedandthevisualizationofmonitoringprocessingcanalsobeaccomplished.KeywordsRFID;CANBUS;configurationsoftware;AVRMCUI.INTRODUCTIONThecigarettesortingsystemisthecoreofthelogisticsanddistribution.Everymodernlogisticsdistributioncenterdependsonthesortingtechnologyandit’smethod.Constructinganadvancedsortingsystemwitheffectivethroughputcannotonlysavetens,hundredsoreventensofmillionsofcost,butalsoimproveefficiency,significantlyreducingthelaborintensityoftheworkers.Traditionalcigarettesortingsystemcollectsdatabybarcodewithalow-cost,easytoreadandreproduce.However,thebarcodeandopticalscanningareeasilyaffectedbydust,oilandotherpollutionsinthesortingfield,andtraditionaldatatransmissionofsortingsystemisuseofRS485buswiththeadvantageofmulti-nodesupport,fardistanceandhighlyreceivingsensitivity.RS485busconstitutesthenetworkofsinglemaster.Theequipmentmutualcommunicationcanbeachievedbythemasternode.Thustherearethelowerthroughput,poorreal-timeandhighlydifficultiesofcommunicationsbetweenslavernodes.Inourwork,weintroduceRFIDtechnologytoreplacebarcodeidentification.RFIDsystemisnotinfluencedbydust,humidity,oil,coolant,miningandtoxicgasesintheproductionenvironment.Comparedwithbarcodeidentification,RFIDisacontactlesstechnologythatallowsobjectstobescannedandidentifiedwithoutvisualorphysical.Moreimportantly,thetagdataisnotonlyreadbyRFIDreaders,butalsocanbewrittentimeandagain.CurrentlythecostofRFIDtagisgraduallyreduced,andthetagwhichtiesupwiththecigaretteboxcanbereused.Itfurtherreducesthecostofsystem.Furthermore,thetraditionalRS485busisreplacedbyHigh-speedCANbuswhichprovidesamulti-masterhierarchy,broadcastcommunication,sophisticatederrordetectingmechanismsandre-transmissionoffaultymessages.Thesefeathersallowbuildingintelligentandredundantsystems,whichguaranteedataintegrityandreal-timedatatransmission.WiththedeploymentofRFIDmiddlewareandERP/SCMsoftwareplatform,theultimategoalofintegrationofthetobaccosupplychainlogisticsenterprisesystemwillbeachieved.II.SYSTEMARCHITECTUREDESIGNThereare50sortingpositionsinoursystem.Asadistributionunit,eachpositioncorrespondstoacigarettebrand.TheRFtagisattachedtoatray,whichhasauniqueIDtodescriptsomeinformationofcigaretteindetails.Whenthetraymovestoasortingposition,RFantennareadsRFtagsandcollectsinformationtodisplayonLCD.TheworkerthensuppliesthecigarettesundertheguidanceofLCD.Thesystemiscomposedoftheuppermachineandlowermachine.Inuppermachinesystem,MCGSconfigurationsoftwareconfigurestheCANBUSdevices,RFIDreadersandPLCetc.MCGSisakindofgeneralsoftwareforindustrialprocesscontrolandreal-timemonitoringservice,characterizedbyimprovedfunctions,easytooperateandgood.RFIDreadersretrievetheinformationfromtheRFtagbyantennaarrayneartheconveyer.RFIDmiddleware/drivercompletesthedataprocessingandsendsdatatoMCGSmonitoringplatform.ZLG_PCI9810intelligentCANcardwithstandardPCIinterface,implementingCAN2.0Bprotocol,establishestheconnectionswithMCGSconfigurationsoftwarebyZOPC_Server(BasedonCAN-BUSgeneralOPCServer.ZOPC_ServerisakindofOPCserverthatsupportsallkindsofZLGCANcards.Anyclient(e.g.KingView,MCGS,Intouch,etc)thatsupportsOPCprotocolcanconnectZOPC_Server.ItisabridgethatimplementsthedatatransmissionbetweenCANcardandconfigurationsoftware.LowermachinesystemisconstitutedofCANintelligentnodesandLCDtouchscreens.CANintelligentnodesreceivethetagdatafromCANbusanddisplayitonLCD.TheworkerscheckagainstandsendcommandsbytouchingLCDscreen.SystemarchitectureisshowninFig.1.Figure1Systemarchitecture=3\*ROMANIIIDESIGNOFSOFTWARECommunicationprotocolTheCANspecificationconsistsoftwoparts,CAN2.0AandCAN2.0B.Stand-aloneCANcontrollerSJA1000supportsbothprotocols.CAN2.0Bprovidesmorepowerfulerrorhandlingcapabilities,enhancedacceptancefilterandflexiblehandlingofdatapackage.CAN2.0Bincludestwodifferentframes:standardframeandextended.Theformerisdefinedby11identifierbitsandthelatterisdefinedby29identifierbits.Extendedframeis2bytesmorethanstandardframe,soitwilladvantagetheflexibilityofprotocol,reliabilityaswellasexpansion.Asdataneedstobesentfromthecorrespondingantennatothecorrespondingworkposition,theallocationof29identifierbitsismostimportant.Identifiercanonlyidentifythenetworkequipmentandit’slocationintheCANbus.Ontherequirementsofourcommunication,wedesigntheprotocolbelow,andeachnodeintheCANbustransmitsinformationaccordingtotheprotocol.Theprotocolisdefinedas“ID+commands+data”.IDistheidentifierofthenetworknodes,definedasID18-ID0(19bits).ID28isfordirection(DIR),ID27-ID24identifiesRFIDreaders,ID23-ID22identifiesantenna,ID21-ID19identifiesdatatype.ID28-ID19doesn’tparticipateintheacceptancefilter.Dataindicatesthespecificcontentofcommunications.TheframeformatofprotocolisshowninTable1.TABLEI.THEFRAMEFORMATOFCOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLSID28ID27-ID24ID23-ID22ID21-ID19ID18-ID0RTRDIRRFIDReaderAntennaDataTypeAddress0(dataframe)DLC3DLC2DLC1DLC0DatalengthData7Data6Data5Data4Data3Data2Data1Data0Dataframe(8Bytes)◎DIR:DIRdecidesahalfofmessagepriorityduringbusaccess,andtheremainingpriorityisdefinedbynodesaddress.Theloweraddresshashigherpriority.WhenDIRis“1”,addressfieldistargetnodeaddress(frommastertoslaver);whenDIRis“0”,addressfieldissourcenodeaddress(fromslavertomaster).◎RFIDReader/Antenna:EachSense1824readerequips4antennas.Thereareabout13readersinoursystem.So4bitsisusedtoidentifyRFIDreadersand2bitsisusedtoidentifyantennas.◎DataType:TheformatofdatatypeisshowninTable2.TABLE2.FUNCTIONALDEFINITIONOFDATATYPEBit2Bit1Bit0Description001Nameofcigarette010Numberofcigarette011distributingdestination100Requestretransmissionwhenanerroroccurred(slavernode)111Finishedsignature◎Address:ID18-ID0participatesintheacceptancefilter,whichidentifies50workingpositions.◎DLC:Datalength(1-8).◎Data:thecontentsofpackages.B.DevelopmentofRFIDreader’sdriverMCGSimplementsthedevicedriverbyActiveDLL,integratingwiththestandardOLEinterface.BecausethedevicedriverandMCGSarerunninginthesameprocess,thedevicemoduleachievesthegoodrunningandhigherreliability,andavoidssluggishdataflowandtransmissionbyDDE(DynamicDataExchange).Meanwhile,OLEisanexpandablestandardforachievinginteroperability,regardlessofwhatprogramminglanguageis.Therefore,solongasitcomplianceswiththestandardofMCGSinterface,VB,VC,Delphi,etc.canimplementMCGSdevicedriver.MCGSdividestheactualequipmentinto3parts:independentequipment,fatherequipmentandsonequipment.IndependentequipmentworksindependentlyandaccomplishesspecificdataI/Ofunctions;fatherequipmentitselfdoesn’thandledataI/O,butmanagesotherequipment,suchasserialequipment,IDCN-893communicationcard,etc;sonequipmenthasthefunctionofhandlingdataI/O,butworksdependingoncorrespondingfatherequipment.RFIDreader,Sense-1824,asasonequipment,communicateswithMCGSconfigurationsoftwarethroughtheserialcommunicationfatherequipment.OurmainworkfocusesontheoperatingtheserialportwhendevelopingtheRFIDreaderdriver.MCGSencapsulesthecomplexserialportsetup,initializationandoperationofreading/writingintotheserialcommunicationfatherequipment,therefore,wecanevokestandardserialfunctionsprovidedbyfatherequipmenttodevelopthesonequipmentdriver.TheflowchatthatRFIDreadercollectsmoretagsdataisgiveninFig.2.TheAPIfunctionsaredescribedasfollows:ScsAntennaReceive：Selectareceivingantenna.ScsAntennaTransmit：Selectasendingantenna.SaharaListStart：Startthereadingtagprocess.SaharaListReport：Gettag’sdatafromreaders.SaharaListEnd：Endthereadtagprocessandturnmicrowavepoweroff.Figure2RFIDreaderflowchatC.TheinterfaceofuppermachinesoftwareUppermachinesoftwarehasbeenimplementedbyMCGS5.5,VisualBasic6.0andSQLServer2000.Theinterfaceofuppermachinesoftwareisshowninfig.3.Itconsistsofequipmentdrivermodule,dataaccessmodule,dataanalysisandprocessingmodule,frontmonitormoduleanddatabasemodule.MCGSconfigurationsoftwaremanageshardware,scheduleprocessingandalsocontrolsthedatastream.DependingontheabundantresourcesofMCGS,somecomplexfunctions,suchasstatistics,reportsandphonicwarning,etc.canbeeasilyachieved.Figure3TheinterfaceofuppermachinesoftwareIV.HARDWAREDESIGNOFCANINTELLIGENTNODEATMEGA128fromATMELcompanyisadoptedasMCU.SJA1000,P82C250constitutetheCANcommunicationinterface.Stand-aloneCANcontrollerSJA1000hastwokindsofmode:BasicCANand.P82C250isakindofCANbustransceiver,withaslowas5Kbpstoworktomeettherequirementsoflongdistanttransmission.ThehardwaredesignofnodeisshowninFig.4.Figure4HardwaredesignofCANintelligentnodeRFIDantennaarrayisemployedinthefieldenvironment.Therefore,thereares7rongelectromagneticinterferences.Toenhancetheanti-jammingofCANbus,thepinTX0andRX0connecttheP82C250throughthehigh-speedopticalcouplers6N137.Inthisway,electricalisolationbetweennodescanbeachieved.Itimprovesthestabilityandsecurityofthenodeatalowrisktoincreasethecomplexity.YD-811ARMcolordisplay,built-invectorfonts,latticefontsandstandardinstructionssets,connectstheMCUbyparallelports.Usingcommandsetsavoidsthecumbersomelatticeoperation.Four-linetouchingscreencommunicatestheCANnodebyRS232.V.CONCLUSIONThispaperpresentsanewdesignstrategyofcigarettesortingsystemwithlargedatathroughput,stronganti-interferenceandtolerantcapabilitybycombiningRFIDtechnologywithCANbus.WiththefunctionofmonitoringanderrordiagnosisofMCGS,itmakesconfigurationmoreflexibleandeasytomaintain.ThroughtheuseofLCDtouchscreen,itsimplestheoperationprocessesandenhancessortingefficiencyandaccuracy.Experimentsshowthedesignissatisfiedwiththesortingaccuracyrequirementsandthereal-timeperformance.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThisworkissupportedbyFoundationsofNational“863”HighTechnologyProjectofChina(NO.2006AA04A117,NO.2006AA04A124).REFERENCES[1]Zhuang,Y.,Gui,X.,Wang,B.,Ba,Y..AnalysisandDesigningoftheSupplyChainSystemoftheTebaccoSalesEnterprises,JournalofKunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology(ScienceandTechnology),29(03)(2004)114-118.[2]Fan,H.ComparingtheApplicationofBusRS485withthatofBusCAN,JournalofShanghaiDianjiuniversity,8(05)(2005)54-56.[3]You,Z.TheLayoutandimplementofRFIDTechnology,Beijing:ElectronicsPress,2005.[4]Wu,K.CANBusPrinciplesandDesignofApplications,Beijing:BeijingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronauticsPress,1996.[5]Liu,J.ANewControlSoftwareMCGSandit’sApplication,NewTechnologiesandProcesses,06(2000)10-11.[6]Fu,C.,Duan,J.TheResearchofOPCServeranditsRealizationintheCANFieldbus,Control&Automation,(11)(2003).[7]CANSpecificationVersion2.0,RobertBosch,1991.[8]Yang,Y.DesignofDriverforSerialCommunicationinNetFormedbyIntellectualFlowTotalizersBasedonMCGS,InstrumentTechniqueandSensor,(9)(2004).[9]SJA1000Stand_aloneCANController.,PHILIPSDATASHEET,2000.附錄C英文參考文獻(xiàn)（翻譯）基于RFID技術(shù)的卷煙分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)張磊，蘇衛(wèi)星，胡坤元，馬連播

工業(yè)信息重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室

沈陽(yáng)自動(dòng)化研究所，中國(guó)科學(xué)院

沈陽(yáng)110016，中國(guó)摘要本文介紹的設(shè)計(jì)方法解決了基于結(jié)合了CAN智能節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的RFID技術(shù)的卷煙分揀系統(tǒng)的高失敗率和排序無效的問題?；诟咚贁?shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)傳輸，實(shí)時(shí)性和高可靠性對(duì)CAN總線智能節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。RFID技術(shù)提高了卷煙鑒定的速度和效率。同時(shí)通過使用液晶觸摸屏和MCGS組態(tài)軟件，人機(jī)界面操作得以在可視化的監(jiān)控處理下快速完成。關(guān)鍵詞RFID;CANBUS;組態(tài)軟件;AVR單片機(jī)一、導(dǎo)言卷煙分揀系統(tǒng)是物流配送的核心。每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代物流配送中心分揀技術(shù)依賴于它的方法。構(gòu)建一個(gè)有效吞吐量先進(jìn)的分揀系統(tǒng)不僅可以節(jié)省幾十，幾百甚至上千萬的成本，而且可以提高效率，大大降低了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。傳統(tǒng)的卷煙分揀系統(tǒng)通過條形碼收集的低成本代碼數(shù)據(jù)，便于閱讀和復(fù)制。然而，條形碼和光學(xué)掃描很容易被灰塵、油污和其他污染的排序字段影響，而且傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸是利用分揀系統(tǒng)的RS485總線的多節(jié)點(diǎn)支持獲得距離遠(yuǎn)和高接收靈敏度的優(yōu)勢(shì)的。RS485總線構(gòu)成的單一主機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該設(shè)備可以實(shí)現(xiàn)相互溝通的主節(jié)點(diǎn)。因此，在渴望得到通信的節(jié)點(diǎn)之間出現(xiàn)了較低的吞吐量，實(shí)時(shí)性差，時(shí)間和高度的通信困難等問題。在本文中，我們介紹了RFID技術(shù)以取代條碼識(shí)別。RFID系統(tǒng)在工作花鏡中是不會(huì)受沒有防塵，防潮油，冷卻液等防護(hù)措施和有毒氣體的影響的。與條形碼識(shí)別相比，RFID是一種非接觸式技術(shù)，允許對(duì)象進(jìn)行掃描，并沒有視覺或身體接確定。更重要的是，標(biāo)簽數(shù)據(jù)不僅RFID閱讀器讀取，也可以寫一次又一次。目前RFID標(biāo)簽的成本逐漸降低，標(biāo)簽，它綁在香煙盒可重復(fù)使用。它進(jìn)一步降低了系統(tǒng)成本。此外，取代傳統(tǒng)的RS485總線的是提供了一個(gè)多層次的，廣播通訊的，擁有精密的錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)機(jī)制，并可以重新傳輸錯(cuò)誤信息的高速CAN總線。這些進(jìn)一步的措施使智能化的、保證數(shù)據(jù)的完整性和實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)娜哂嘞到y(tǒng)的構(gòu)建得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。隨著RFID中間件和ERP/SCM軟件平臺(tái)的部署，在煙草供應(yīng)鏈的物流企業(yè)系統(tǒng)整合的最終目標(biāo)將得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。二、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)架設(shè)計(jì)在我們的系統(tǒng)中有50個(gè)分類位置。作為經(jīng)銷單位，每個(gè)位置對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)香煙品牌。該射頻標(biāo)簽附加到一個(gè)托盤，它有一個(gè)唯一的ID來描述一些卷煙的細(xì)節(jié)信息。當(dāng)托盤位置移動(dòng)到一個(gè)設(shè)定的位置時(shí)射頻天線讀取射頻標(biāo)簽，并收集資料，顯示在液晶顯示屏上。然后工人根據(jù)這些指示信息對(duì)香煙進(jìn)行相關(guān)操作。該系統(tǒng)由上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)和下位機(jī)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。在上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)，MCGS組態(tài)軟件配置的電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，RFID讀取器和PLC等MCGS組態(tài)軟件是為工業(yè)過程控制和實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控服務(wù)的。MCGS是一種操作更加方便和具有良好的可視化的通用軟。RFID讀寫器檢索來自附近的天線陣列輸送機(jī)射頻標(biāo)簽的信息。RFID中間件/驅(qū)動(dòng)程序完成數(shù)據(jù)處理和數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到MCGS的監(jiān)控平臺(tái)。配置有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PCI接口的ZLG_PCI9810智能CAN卡借助CAN2.0B協(xié)議，建立與基于MCGS組態(tài)軟件的ZOPC_Server（基于CAN總線的OPC服務(wù)器的一般計(jì)算的連接。ZOPC_Server是一種支持所有CAN卡的OPC服務(wù)器。任何客戶端（如KingView，MCGS，Intouch，等等）只要支持OPC協(xié)議即可連接ZOPC_Server。它是一座橋，它實(shí)現(xiàn)了CAN卡之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和配置軟件。下位機(jī)系統(tǒng)由CAN智能節(jié)點(diǎn)和液晶觸摸屏組成。CAN智能節(jié)點(diǎn)的CAN總線接收來自標(biāo)簽的數(shù)據(jù)并顯示在LCD上它。工人核對(duì)和發(fā)送通過觸摸液晶屏的命令。系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)如圖1所示。圖1系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)三、軟件設(shè)計(jì)A.通訊協(xié)議CAN規(guī)范由兩部分組成，CAN2.0A和CAN2.0B。獨(dú)立CAN控制器SJA1000支持這兩種協(xié)議。CAN2.0B通過增強(qiáng)接收過濾器和靈活的數(shù)據(jù)包處理來提供更強(qiáng)大的錯(cuò)誤處理功能。CAN2.0B包括兩個(gè)不同的框架：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幀和擴(kuò)展。前者是指由11位標(biāo)識(shí)符，而后者則是由29位定義的標(biāo)識(shí)符。擴(kuò)展幀為2個(gè)字節(jié)，比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幀要高，因此它將在協(xié)議靈活性，可靠性以及擴(kuò)充方面更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)需要從相應(yīng)的天線發(fā)送到相應(yīng)的工作崗位，29位標(biāo)識(shí)符的分配是最重要的。標(biāo)識(shí)符只能識(shí)別網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備和它在CAN總線上的位置。根據(jù)我國(guó)通信的要求，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了以下協(xié)議，并根據(jù)該議定書為CAN總線上的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的傳輸信息。該協(xié)議被定義為“身份證+命令+數(shù)據(jù)”。ID是標(biāo)識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)，定義為ID18-ID0（19位）。ID28為方向（DIR），ID27-ID24識(shí)別RFID讀寫器，ID23-ID22識(shí)別天線，ID21-ID19標(biāo)識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)type.ID28-ID19不參加驗(yàn)收濾波器。數(shù)據(jù)顯示了通信的具體內(nèi)容。該協(xié)議的幀格式見表1表一通信協(xié)議的幀格式ID28ID27-ID24ID23-ID22ID21-ID19ID18-ID0RTRDIRRFIDReaderAntennaDa