武漢大學(xué)外國語言文學(xué)學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》歷年考研真題及詳解

2015年武漢大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解一、詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)題（共40小題，每題0.5分，共20分）Directions:Thereare40sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouransweronyouranswersheet.1.Hisnatural_____savedhimfrombeingspoiltbyfameandsuccess.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality【答案】C查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：他天生謙遜，不因名望和成就而驕傲。modesty謙遜；質(zhì)樸；穩(wěn)重。honesty誠實(shí)，正直。simplicity樸素；天真；愚蠢。morality道德；品行，美德。2.Patriotismwasthearmycaptain’s_____whenhespokeatourschoolassembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory【答案】A查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：這位陸軍上尉在我們學(xué)校集會(huì)上的發(fā)言是以愛國主義為主題。theme主題；主旋律；題目。theorem[數(shù)]定理；原理。thesis論文；論點(diǎn)。theory理論；學(xué)說；推測。3.Amodernshiphasits_____inthehollowedlogusedbyprimitivepeoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype【答案】D查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：原始人使用的中間挖空的木頭是現(xiàn)代船只的原型。prototype原型；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，模范。proton質(zhì)子。pattern模式；圖案；樣品。predecessor前任，前輩。4.Youshould_____thewheelsofyourbicycletoreducethefriction.A.labelB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate【答案】C查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：你應(yīng)該把自行車的輪子潤滑一下，以減少摩擦。lubricate使……潤滑；給……加潤滑油。label標(biāo)注；貼標(biāo)簽于。illustrate闡明，舉例說明；圖解。manipulate操縱；篡改。5.Apersonoughttoconformthe_____ofbehaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms【答案】D查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：一個(gè)人應(yīng)該遵守一定的行為規(guī)范。norm有“規(guī)范，基準(zhǔn)”基準(zhǔn)的意思，normsofbehaviour行為規(guī)范。model模型；模范；樣式。mode模式；方式；風(fēng)格。6.Travelcanbeanexcellent_____toone’seducation.A.complementB.completionC.componentD.competitor【答案】A查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：旅行對于一個(gè)人的教育來說是個(gè)絕好的補(bǔ)充。complement補(bǔ)足物；補(bǔ)語；余角。completion完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)。component成分；組件。competitor競爭者，對手。component強(qiáng)調(diào)的是構(gòu)成某物的成分或部分，acomponentofsth.某物的一個(gè)組成部分。7.The_____tothecontractmustbesignedbytwowitnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment【答案】B查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：合同附件需有兩位見證人簽字。attachment附件；依戀。assignment分配；任務(wù)。assessment評定；估價(jià)。alignment隊(duì)列；校準(zhǔn)；結(jié)盟。attachmenttothecontract合同附件。8.Heaccepted_____forthedamagedonetothecar.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood【答案】B查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：他為車子造成的損傷承擔(dān)責(zé)任。liability責(zé)任；債務(wù)；可能性。liberty自由；許可；冒失。license執(zhí)照，許可證。likelihood可能性，可能。acceptliability承擔(dān)責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)。9.Ifthemainpowerlinefails,thehospitalwilluseits_____generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary【答案】D查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：主電力線路一旦出現(xiàn)故障，醫(yī)院將使用輔助發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。auxiliary輔助的；副的；附加的。auxiliarygenerator輔助發(fā)電機(jī)。residual剩余的；殘留的。subordinate從屬的；次要的。obedient順從的，服從的；孝順的。10.Thebigsearchlight_____aspotamileaway.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates【答案】C查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：那盞大型探照燈照射著一英里之遙的地方。illuminate照亮；闡明，說明。ignite點(diǎn)燃；使燃燒；使激動(dòng)。stimulate起刺激作用；起促進(jìn)作用。illustrate闡明，舉例說明。11.Hisnewlypublishednovelenjoysgreat_____.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：他新出版的那本小說廣受歡迎。enjoygreatpopularity享有盛譽(yù)，廣受歡迎。enjoygreatattention深為人們所關(guān)注。相比之下，C項(xiàng)更加符合題意。controversy爭論；論戰(zhàn)；辯論。12.Theyoungmotherlookedathersleepingbabywitha(an)_____smile.AelegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical【答案】C查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：年輕的母親滿臉微笑地看著她熟睡的孩子。radiant輻射的；容光煥發(fā)的；光芒四射的。aradiantsmile“燦爛的微笑，滿臉微笑”，形容母親看著自己孩子滿心的欣喜。earnest認(rèn)真的，熱心的。anearnestsmile“誠摯的微笑”，相比之下，與本句中描述的情景不太符合，因此排除。elegant高雅的，優(yōu)雅的；講究的。radical激進(jìn)的；根本的；徹底的。13.Alwaystellyourneighbourswhenyouaregoing,asa_____againstburglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation【答案】A查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：外出時(shí)一定要告訴鄰居一聲，以防止盜竊。safeguard保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)措施。asafeguardagainststh.防止某事發(fā)生。hindrance障礙；妨礙；阻礙物。sacrifice犧牲；祭品；供奉。violation違反；違背；妨礙。14.Theplatedroppedonthefloorand_____intolittlepieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed【答案】A查看答案【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：盤子掉到地上，摔成碎片。四個(gè)詞均有是某物破碎的意思。smash表示撞擊，意思為“打碎”，強(qiáng)調(diào)撞擊的結(jié)果。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)盤子被打碎這一結(jié)果，A項(xiàng)符合題意。crash指突然猛烈地撞擊，并伴有轟隆聲，強(qiáng)調(diào)撞擊的動(dòng)作和猛烈，通常用來表示飛機(jī)失事或汽車相撞。crack破裂；爆裂。crush擠；被壓碎。15.Havingroomsinwhichtostudywillnot_____,wemustalsohavethetimetousethem.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice【答案】A查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：光有可以學(xué)習(xí)的房間還不夠，我們還必須有來使用它的時(shí)間。suffice足夠；有能力。satisfy令人滿意；令人滿足。quantify量化；定量。rejoice高興；慶祝。16.Their_____faultwasafailuretorecognizeallthefactorsinvolved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole【答案】D查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：他們唯一的過錯(cuò)就在于沒能識別出所有涉及到的因素。sole唯一的；單獨(dú)的；僅有的。infinite無限的，無窮的。inherent固有的；內(nèi)在的；遺傳的。potential潛在的；可能的。17.Marilyncamebackfromhervacationwith_____armsandface.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened【答案】A查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：度假回來，瑪麗蓮的胳膊還有臉都曬黑了。tan意思為“黃褐色；曬黑的膚色”，符合題意，因此選A項(xiàng)。tame馴服的；乏味的；順從的。blackened為blacken的過去分詞，意思為“變黑的；被損壞的”。freshened為freshen的過去分詞，意思為“變得新鮮的”。18.Thewagontrainshadto_____IndianterritorytoreachCalifornia.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport【答案】C查看答案【解析】近形詞辨析。句意：馬車隊(duì)必須穿過印第安保留區(qū)才能到達(dá)加利福尼亞。traverse穿過，橫越（某地區(qū)）；在……來回移動(dòng)。transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移；調(diào)任。transport運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送。transverse不能作動(dòng)詞，作形容詞時(shí)意思為“橫向的；橫斷的”。19.Thepropellerbeganto_____,andthesmallplanestarteddowntherunway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar【答案】B查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：螺旋槳開始轉(zhuǎn)起來，這架小飛機(jī)開始沿著跑道滑行。whirl“旋轉(zhuǎn)，回旋”，指旋轉(zhuǎn)或作圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，側(cè)重急速或力量。roll“卷；滾動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”，指某物在平面上滾動(dòng)或翻滾。ventilate使通風(fēng)；給……裝通風(fēng)設(shè)備；宣布。roar咆哮；喧鬧。20.Thegovernment’srecentstatementoftheunemploymentdoesnot_____withthefacts.A.accordB.conformC.commenceD.consent【答案】A查看答案【解析】詞義辨析。句意：政府關(guān)于失業(yè)的最新聲明與實(shí)際情況不符。commence開始；著手。consent同意；贊成；答應(yīng)。accordwith和conformwith/to均可以表示與某事物相符或一致，其中conformwith強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“遵守，符合”，accordwith強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事物之間的一致性，因此A項(xiàng)更加符合。21.Theyplannedto_____inthemiddleofthenight,whentheguardswereasleep.A.gooffB.runoutC.breakoffD.breakout【答案】D查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：他們打算到半夜等守衛(wèi)熟睡時(shí)逃出去。breakout(使)脫逃，(使)逃走；爆發(fā)。因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。gooff離開；變質(zhì)；睡去。runout用完，耗盡；跑出。breakoff折斷；突然停止，暫停。22.It’sprettywindy.You’dbetter_____yourhat.A.adduptoB.lenditselftoC.holdontoD.standupto【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：風(fēng)很大，你最好抓緊你的帽子。holdonto緊緊抓住，抓牢。C項(xiàng)符合題意。addupto總計(jì)達(dá)，總共。lenditselfto適宜于，適用于。standupto經(jīng)得起；抵抗；勇敢地面對。23.She’splayingsowellthisyearthatpeopleexpectherto_____allthebigprizesagain.A.carryonB.carryoffC.carryoutD.takeoff【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定詞組。今年她打得很好，大家都期盼她能再次奪得所有獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。carryoff奪去；獲得；成功地處理。carryon繼續(xù)；參與。carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)行；貫徹。takeoff脫下(衣帽、鞋子等)；起飛；離開。24.Whenhearrived,hefound_____theagedandthesickathome.A.nothingbutB.noneotherthanC.nonebutD.nootherthan【答案】C查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：他回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有老人和病人仍然留在家里。nonebut只有；僅。nothingbut除了……以外什么也沒有；只有，不過。題干中指人，所以排除A項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。none/nootherthan意思為“不是別的而正是……”。25.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink_____.A.havetobesaidB.mustsayC.oughttobesaidD.needtosay【答案】C查看答案【解析】名詞性從句。句意：作為老師，我們要關(guān)心的不是學(xué)生應(yīng)該說什么，而是他們說了什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，with后面接what引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的名詞性從句做賓語。根據(jù)句意判斷，空格部分的名詞性從句中，what與say為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。通過前面的whatissaid可知，A項(xiàng)的haveto應(yīng)該改為hasto，而且havetodosth.意思是“必須/不得不做某事”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是客觀條件，在此處意思不恰當(dāng)。oughttodosth.“應(yīng)該/理應(yīng)做某事”，符合題意。因此選C項(xiàng)。26._____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingstobeequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingsbeingequal【答案】D查看答案【解析】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：在其它條件相同的情況下，一個(gè)能有效地表達(dá)自己的人比一個(gè)語言表達(dá)能力差的人更容易獲得成功。本題使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做條件狀語，只有D項(xiàng)符合。27.Iamsureheisuptothejob_____hewouldgivehismindtoit.A.incaseB.untilC.ifonlyD.unless【答案】C查看答案【解析】連詞。句意：只有他把心思放正，我敢肯定他能勝任這份工作。ifonly只要；要是…多好。incase萬一；假使。until……以前；直到……時(shí)。unless除非，如果不。28.Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,_____wouldbegettingsick.A.alotofmoreusB.alotmoreofusC.morealotofusD.alotofusmore【答案】B查看答案【解析】比較級的用法。句意：如果自來水真的像有些人想的那么危險(xiǎn)，那么我們當(dāng)中就會(huì)有更多的人生病。alot在該結(jié)構(gòu)中是程度副詞，與比較級more連用時(shí)需要放在其前面進(jìn)行修飾。29.Ourmodemcivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas_____inashortperiodoftime.A.beingcreatedB.tohavebeencreatedC.havingbeencreatedD.tobecreated【答案】C查看答案【解析】非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：不能把現(xiàn)代文明想成是在短期內(nèi)創(chuàng)造的。空格前為介詞as，所以后面要使用動(dòng)名詞，排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。又由于該動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，所以要使用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。30.Mostofthepeoplewho_____twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.A.havelivedoutB.havelivedthroughC.havelivedonD.havelivedwith【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定詞組。句意：大多數(shù)歷經(jīng)了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的人們都強(qiáng)烈反對軍備競賽。livethrough度過；經(jīng)受過。livedout住在外面；活過（某一段時(shí)間）。liveon繼續(xù)生活，以……為主食，靠……生活。livedwith寄宿在……家；忍受(不愉快的事)。31.AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately_____fromMarathontoAthens.A.distanceB.isthedistanceC.thedistanceD.thedistanceis【答案】C查看答案【解析】句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：奧林匹克馬拉松賽道長26英里385碼，大致是從馬拉松到雅典的距離。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號前面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，也就是說空格部分不能出現(xiàn)獨(dú)立的謂語成分，因此B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)排除?？崭癫糠殖煞譃槊~性短語做賓語補(bǔ)足語，由于該距離特指前面提到的馬拉松賽道的距離，因此distance需要使用定冠詞the。C項(xiàng)為正確答案。32.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when【答案】B查看答案【解析】連詞。句意：科學(xué)家說可能還需要5至10年，才有可能在病人身上測試這種藥物。before“在……以前；在……之前”，這里表示在病人身上測試之前需要5至10年的時(shí)間。33.Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand_____arestillachingnow.A.myleg’smusclesB.mymusclesoflegC.mylegmusclesD.mymusclesoftheleg【答案】C查看答案【解析】名詞作定語。句意：昨天走了太多的路，我的腿部肌肉現(xiàn)在還疼。此處leg為名詞作定語，修飾muscles，指腿部肌肉。awomandoctor“女醫(yī)生”也屬于名詞作定語的用法。所有格強(qiáng)調(diào)的是歸屬或所有關(guān)系，此處不符合題意。34.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection_____tothenation.A.hasleftB.istoleaveC.leavesD.istobeleft【答案】D查看答案【解析】時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：78的丹尼斯爵士已經(jīng)公開宣布要把他的大部分收藏奉獻(xiàn)給國家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面接從句，具體說明丹尼斯爵士公布的事情。從句表示的是將來的事情，因此A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)均不符合題意。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)均使用不定式表將來。muchofhiscollection和leave屬于被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此選D項(xiàng)。35.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot【答案】B查看答案【解析】虛擬語氣。句意：句意：Jean不想馬上工作，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果有了工作，她就很可能不能經(jīng)常見到朋友了。此處if后面使用weretodosth.表示對將來情況的虛擬，因此后面使用了would(not)do的結(jié)構(gòu)。36.Theworld’ssuppliesofcopper_____.A.havebeengraduallybeingexhaustedB.hasgraduallyexhaustedC.aregraduallyexhaustedD.arebeinggraduallyexhausted【答案】D查看答案【解析】時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：世界上的銅礦正在漸漸地被耗盡。根據(jù)句意，此處指正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，需使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。并且copper和exhaust屬于被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此只有D項(xiàng)符合。37.Hitler_____inhisroom.A.committedsuicideB.gotcommittedsuicideC.wascommittedsuicideD.wassuicide【答案】A查看答案【解析】語態(tài)。句意：希特勒在自己的房間里自殺。commitsuicide“自殺”，commit與Hitleer之間屬于主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只有A項(xiàng)符合。D項(xiàng)中suicide可以直接作不及物動(dòng)詞接在主語后面，不需要使用was。38.Billgotupandmadeamotionthatthemeeting_____.A.beadjournedB.shouldcancelC.begoingtocancelD.istoadjourn【答案】A查看答案【解析】虛擬語氣。句意：比爾起身提出動(dòng)議，會(huì)議應(yīng)該延遲。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾amotion（動(dòng)議，會(huì)議中臨時(shí)提出建議），說明amotion代表的具體含義。對于表示建議、命令等意思的詞如suggestion、proposal、recommendation、order、motion（動(dòng)議），其同位語從句需要使用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的形式表示虛擬。因此本題選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)中cancel應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。39.Itisnogood_____persuademe.A.foryoutotrytoB.tryingtoC.ofyoutoD.ofyoutotryto【答案】B查看答案【解析】固定搭配。句意：說服我沒有益處。Itisnogood/usedoingsth.做某事無益/無用。40.Themaintroubleis_____enoughknowledge.A.theirnothavingB.themnothavingC.theirsnothavingDforthemtonothave【答案】A查看答案【解析】動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：主要的麻煩是他們的知識不夠。帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞叫做“動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”。本題中nothavingenoughknowledge的主語為they，因此使用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，把they變成形容詞性物主代詞their，后面接動(dòng)名詞。二、改錯(cuò)題（共10小題，每題1分，共10分）Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/\)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.Before1973,abortionwasillegalinAmericaunlessthewoman’shealthwasthreatened.InMarchof1970,JameRoe,asinglewoman,institutedthisfederalactionagainsttheDistrictatt-orneyofthecounty.Theoriginalideawasthatwomenwhotrulydidnotwantababyshouldnothavetohaveit.   41Sincepregnancymaybeablessedactwhenplannedorwanted, 42forcedpregnancy,likeanyforcedbodilyinvasion,isanathematoAmericanvaluesandtraditions.AslegalizedabortionhasbecomeaneverydaypartofAmericanlife,adifferentsidetoithasemergedout.43Wherewomenoncewereabortingbecausetheydidnotwantachild,thereasonsbeinggivennowwerebecomingverydifferent.44Abortionhasturnedintosomethingthatwomenarebeingcoercedfromboyfriends/husbandsunwillingtobefathers,outoffear45ofthefinancialpressure,outofpanicfromlosingtheirjobs,outofpanicfromhavingtoquittheschool,orbecominghomeless,orout46offearoftheirparentskickingthemoutintothestreet.Abortionforthesereasonscanleadtoproblemswhichdevelopwhenawomanisunabletogetroundheremotionalresponsesresul-   47tingfromthetraumaofanabortion.Therearewomenwhoabortanddosocompletelyofherownfreewill.Thesewomenhavenoregrets,48noremorse,butarehappytheyhadthischoiceavailable.But 49agrowingnumberofwomenarespeakingupabouthowabortioneffectedthemadversely. 50【答案與解析】41.it改為one（作代詞時(shí)，it通常用于特指，one通常用于類指。此處指代前文的ababy，是類指，而不是特指某一個(gè)嬰兒，所以應(yīng)該用one。）42.Since改為While。（分析該句子，前后兩個(gè)分句“pregnancymaybeablessedact”和“forcedpregnancy…isanathema”構(gòu)成對比，所以應(yīng)該使用表示對比的連詞while。注意大寫。）43．刪除out。（emerge本身有“出現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)”的意思，后面不需要使用副詞out。）44.were改為are。（從句中說明的是過去的情況，因此使用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但是主句中講的是“現(xiàn)在”的情況，使用了表示現(xiàn)在的now，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)45.from前面加into。（coercesomebodyintosomething意思是“脅迫某人做某事”。本句中指婦女被他們的男朋友或者丈夫脅迫去墮胎。）46．刪除the。（quitschool“輟學(xué)”，school不是特指，前面不需要定冠詞the。）47.round改為through。（本句句意：當(dāng)女性無法克服由于墮胎帶來的情感創(chuàng)傷時(shí)，此類墮胎導(dǎo)致的問題就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。getround意思為“說服；（消息）傳開來；走動(dòng)”，不符合題意，需使用getthrough，意思為“度過（經(jīng)濟(jì)，感情等的）難關(guān)”。48.her改為their。（這里指代前文中提到的women，應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式their。）49．第一個(gè)but改為and。（根據(jù)句意，這些女性沒有感到后悔，她們很高興有這個(gè)選擇，句子意思并不存在轉(zhuǎn)折，所以應(yīng)該使用and進(jìn)行連接。）50.effected改為affected。（effect作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思為“產(chǎn)生；達(dá)到目的”。本處意思應(yīng)該為影響，所以需使用affect。）三、閱讀理解題（40分）SectionA.Multiplechoice（共15小題，每小題2分，共30分）Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Answerthequestionsthatfollowed.Choosetheappropriateanswerforeachquestionandcircletheletterontheanswersheet.Text1Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.Inadultlife,merecognitioncanbesimilarlymotivational,althoughthevisiblepresenceoftheopportunityisnotrequiredastheinstigatorofresponse.Thematureadultmodifieshisreactionbyobtaininginformation,interpretingit,andexaminingconsequences.Heformulatesahypothesisandattemptstotestit.Hesearchesoutimplicitrelationships,examinesallfactors,anddifferentiatesamongthem.Justasthetrainedartistcanseparatethevaluesofcolour,composition,andtechnique,whiletakinginandevaluatingthewholework,so,too,thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasituation.Understandingthatcognitionisseparatefromaction,hisreactionsareonlyminimallyguidedfromconditioning,andtakeintoconsiderationanticipatableevents.Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlywhichofparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthusproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.Theevolutionaryprocessofdevelopmentfrombodyschemathroughtocognitivelearningissimilarlymanifestedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Auditingandspeakingdevelopfirst,readingandwritingmuchlateron.Notonlyisthisevidentinthedevelopmentoftheindividualhumanbeingfrominfancyon,butalsointhedevelopmentoflanguageforhumankind.Everynormalinfanthasthephysiologicalequipmentnecessarytoproducesound,butthechildmustfirstmastertheiruseforsucking,biting,andchewingbeforehecancontrolhisequipmentforuseinproducingthesoundsoflanguage.Thebabbleandchatteroftheinfantareprecursorstointelligiblevocalcommunication.Fromtheearliesttimes,itisclearthatlanguageandhumanthoughthavebeenintimatelyconnected.Sendingorreceivingmessages,fromprimitivewarningsofdangertoexplainingcreativeorreflectivethinking,thisaspectofcognitivedevelopmentisalsofirmlylinkedtotheneedsandaspirationsofsociety.51.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethattheauthorwouldsupporttheattitudetowardsartappreciationthat_____.A.aworkofartshouldnotbeanalyzedB.analysisofaworkofartmakesforgreaterunderstandingofitC.understandingthelifeoftheartisthelpsustounderstandhisworkD.allmaturepeoplecanunderstandartequallywell52.Thestatementwhichisneitherimpliednorstatedinthispassageis_____.A.Thechildisconcernedonlywithhisownbody.B.Thechildlearnstoactinawaythatwillservehisdesires.C.Theinfant’sattentioncanbedistractedfromanobjectbysimplyconcealingit.D.Theinfantfindsitdifficulttofocusattentiononmorethanoneobjectatatime.53.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethattheeffectsofsocietyonlearningmaybe_____.A.toenhancetheindividual’smotivationtolearnasquicklyaspossibleB.toodeterlearningbyreasonofanxietyaboutpossibleconflictwithideologyC:tobringman’sknowledgewithinthescopeofallD.tokeepalllearningatthesamestageofdevelopment54.Thepassageimpliesthat_____.A.speechisacquiredthroughdirectteachingB.theinfantshouldbetaughtnottobabbleC.infantswhodonotchatterwillneverlearntospeakD.infantsarebornwiththeabilitytospeakbuttheabilitytodosodependsupondevelopmentofphysicalfunctionsthroughnon-verbalactivities55.Itwouldappearfromthepassagethatitwouldbeusefulfortheparentofthenewbornto_____.A.givetheinfantwhatheneedsbeforehecriesB.teachtheinfanthowtospeakasquicklyaspossibleC.modelspeechsoundsandencouragetheinfanttoproducethemD.refusetheinfant’sdemandsuntilhemakesthemclear【答案與解析】51.B 根據(jù)第四段開頭兩句，對于成人，純粹的認(rèn)知也是一種動(dòng)機(jī)。成人通過獲取信息并進(jìn)行解釋評估，可以修正其反應(yīng)。接著本段通過與藝術(shù)家評價(jià)作品做類比，最終總結(jié)到，“thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthstobearinappraisingasituation.”，也就是說人們像藝術(shù)評價(jià)作品一樣去認(rèn)知，就能發(fā)揮認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢。也就是說通過分析作品，可以加深對作品的了解。因此選B項(xiàng)。52.A 第三段開頭便提到，最初的生命，其被目的引導(dǎo)的行為其動(dòng)機(jī)很簡單。接著并舉了一系列嬰兒因?yàn)樽约旱膭?dòng)機(jī)而做出不同行為的例子，也就是說嬰兒行為的出發(fā)點(diǎn)為他的動(dòng)機(jī)，這與B項(xiàng)相符，因此B項(xiàng)排除。第三段第三句提到，研究表明當(dāng)嬰兒看不到物品時(shí)，就會(huì)終止愿望，而不是感到沮喪，這與C項(xiàng)“簡單的隱藏物品就能分散嬰兒對該物品的注意力”相符，因此排除C項(xiàng)。第三段最后兩句提到，當(dāng)嬰兒被另外的物品吸引時(shí)，會(huì)丟下第一件去拿第二件（dropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond），這暗示了嬰兒的注意力難以一次集中到多件事情上。因此D項(xiàng)排除。本段明確提到孩子對于身體以外的物品的愿望，A項(xiàng)明顯與原文不符，因此選A項(xiàng)。53.B 第六段提到了“Theimpactofthesocializationprocess…mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior”，即社會(huì)化的程序能削弱認(rèn)知，本段還提到了社會(huì)群體的意識形態(tài)（socialgroupideology）及他們之間可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖突（Thetensionthusproduced）。B項(xiàng)符合原文，因此選B項(xiàng)。54.D 倒數(shù)第二段提到，正常嬰兒都有發(fā)出聲音的身體器官（physiologicalequipment），但是在掌握語言之前需要學(xué)會(huì)一系列與語言無關(guān)的活動(dòng)，如sucking,biting,andchewing等。也就是說，嬰兒天生就有說話的能力，但是這一能力依存于其他和非語言的活動(dòng)。D項(xiàng)正確，因此選D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)過于絕對，與原文不符，排除。55.C 倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到，嬰兒的牙牙學(xué)語是語言能力的預(yù)兆，也就是說應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子牙牙學(xué)語，C項(xiàng)符合，因此選C項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)與本段內(nèi)容相反，因此排除。A項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，因此排除。Text2Inareactionagainstatoo-rigid,overrefinedclassicalcurriculum,someeducationalphilosophershaveswungsharplytoanespousalof“l(fā)ifeexperience”asthesolesourceoflearning.UsingtheirnarrowinterpretationofJohnDewey’stheoriesasabaseforsupport,theyconcludethatonlythrough“doing”canlearningtakeplace.Spoutingsuchphrasesas,“Teachthechild,notthesubject.”theydemand,withoutsensingitsabsurdity,andendtorigorousstudyasameansofopeningthewaytolearning.Whilenotalladherentstothisapproachwouldtotallyeliminateastudyofgreatbooks,theinfluenceofthisphilosophyhasbeenfeltinthepublicschoolcurricula,asevidencedbythegradualsubordinationofgreatliterature.Whatisthepurposeofliterature?Whyread,iflifealoneistobeourteacher?JamesJoycestatesthattheartistrevealsthehumansituationbyrecreatinglifeoutoflife;Aristotlethatartpresentsuniversaltruthsbecauseitsformistakenfromnature.Thus,consciouslyorotherwise,thegreatwriterrevealsthehumansituationmosttellingly,extendingourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld.Wecansoarwiththewritertotheheightsofman’saspirations,orplummetwithhimtotragicdespair.TheworksofSteinbeck,Anderson,andSalinger;thepoetryofWhitman,Sandburg,andFrost;theplaysofIbsen,Miller,andO’Neil;Allpresentstarklyrealisticportrayalsoflife’sproblems.Reality?Yes!Buthowmuchwideristheunderstandingwegainthanthatattainedbyviewinglifethroughthekeyholeofoursingleexistence.CanwemeasuretherichnessgainedbytheyoungreaderventuringdowntheMississippiwithTomandHuck,orcheeringIvanhoeashebattlestheBlackKnight;thedeepeningunderstandingofthematurereaderofthetragicSouthofWilliamFaulknerandTennesseeWilliams,oftheawesomedetermination—andfrailty—ofPatrickWhite’sAustralianpioneers?Thisfunctionofliterature,theenlargingofourownlifesphere,isofitselfofmajorimportance.Additionally,however,ithasbeensuggestedthatsolutionsofsocialproblemsmaybesuggestedinthestudyofliterature.Theoverweeningambitionsofpoliticalleaders—andtheirsneeringcontemptforthelaw—didnotappearforthefirsttimeinthewritingsofBernsteinandWoodward;theproblems,andtheconsequentactions,oftheguilt-riddendidnotawaittheappearanceofthebeardedpsychoanalystofthetwentiethcentury.FederalJudgeLearnedHandhaswritten,“Iventuretobelievethatitisasimportanttoajudgecalledupontopassonaquestionofconstitutionallaw,tohaveatleastabowingacquaintancewithThucydides,Gibbon,andCarlyle,withHomer,Dante,Shakespeare,andMilton,withMontaigneandRabelais,withPlato,Bacon,Hume,andKant,aswiththebookswhichhavebeenspecificallywrittenonthesubject.Forinsuchmatterseverythingturnsuponthespiritinwhichheapproachesthequestionsbeforehim.”Butwhatofourdissenters?Canweovercomethedisapprovaloftheir“l(fā)ifeexperienceclassroom”theoryoflearning?Wemuststartwiththefieldofagreement—thateducationshouldservetoimprovetheindividualandsociety.Wemusteducatethemtotheunderstandingthatthevoiceofhumanexperienceshouldstretchourhumanfaculties,andopensustolearning.Wemustconvincethem—intheirownpersonallanguageperhaps—ofthe“togetherness”oflifeandart;wemustprovetothemthatfarfrombeingseparate,literatureisthatpartoflifewhichillumineslife.56.Accordingtothepassage,theendgoalofgreatliteratureis_____.A.therecountingofdramaticandexcitingstories,andthecreationofcharactersB.tocreateanewasynthesisoflifethatilluminesthehumanconditionC.theteachingofmoralityandethicalbehaviorD.towriteabouttragedyanddespair57.Intheauthor’sopinion,asseeninthispassageoneoutcomeoftheinfluenceofthe“l(fā)ifeexperience”adherentshasbeen_____.A.thegradualsubordinationofthestudyofgreatliteratureintheschoolsB.anarrowedinterpretationofthetheoriesofJohnDeweyC.asharpswingoverto“l(fā)earningthroughdoing”D.anendtorigorousstudyasawayoflearning58.Astheauthorseesit,oneofthemostimportantgainsfromthestudyofgreatliteratureis_____.A.enrichmentofourunderstandingofthepastB.broadeningofourapproachestosocialproblemsC.thatitgivesusabowingacquaintancewithgreatfiguresofthepastD.thatitprovidesuswithvicariousexperienceswhichprovideamuchbroaderexperiencethanwecangetfromexperiencesofsimplyourownlivesalone59.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto_____.A.listthosewriterswhomakeupthebackboneofagreatliteraturecurriculumB.comparetheyoungreader’sexperiencewithliteraturetothatofthematurereaderC.advocatetheadoptionofthe“l(fā)ifeexperience”approachtoteachingD.pleadfortheretentionofgreatliteratureasafundamentalpartofthecurriculum60.Theauthor’sreasonforquotingJudgeHandisto_____.A.callattentiontothewritingofThucydidesandCarlyleB.supportthethesisoftheauthorthatliteraturebroadensourunderstandingandstretchesourfacultiesC.pointoutthatconstitutionallawisapartofthegreatliteratureofourpastD.showthateveryone,includingjudges,enjoysreading.【答案與解析】56.B 第二段開頭便設(shè)問文學(xué)作品的目的是什么？接著本段通過喬伊斯與亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)揭示了答案，并且在最后總結(jié)到偉大的作家能夠“revealsthehumansituation…extendingourunderstandingofourselvesandourworld”，B項(xiàng)符合原文，因此選B項(xiàng)。57.A 根據(jù)第一段最后一句“雖然并不是所有這一理論的支持者都要完全抹殺對書本的學(xué)習(xí)，但是在公共學(xué)校的課程表中能夠感受到這一理論的影響，偉大的文學(xué)作品的地位正在逐漸下降（thegradualsubordinationofgreatliterature）”，由此可知，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。58.D 根據(jù)第五段第一句“書本的這一擴(kuò)大我們生活領(lǐng)域（theenlargingofourownlifesphere）的作用本身就具有巨大的重要性”。而通過第二、三和四段可知，這里的theenlargingofourownlifesphere指的就是可以通過書中的人物經(jīng)歷來了解到許多他們一生都不可能經(jīng)歷的事情。D項(xiàng)符合題意，因此選D項(xiàng)。59.D 分析全文，文章首段首先提到“l(fā)ifeexperience”這種方法的狹隘性，使得公共學(xué)校課程中的文學(xué)作品地位下降。緊接著作者開始論證偉大作品的目的及重要作用，并且在最后一段中提到，需要通過教育來了解偉大作品，克服“經(jīng)驗(yàn)說”理論。由此可見，本文目的實(shí)際上是在呼吁保留文學(xué)課程，因此選D項(xiàng)。60.B 文章第五段第二句提到，偉大作品中可能會(huì)涉及到社會(huì)問題的解決之道，接著文章開始對此進(jìn)行論證，并在第六段引用FederalJudgeLearnedHand的話指出，即使對于法官，了解一些偉大作家及其書籍也是必不可少的，因?yàn)楹芏鄦栴}都會(huì)通過這些書籍展現(xiàn)出來。由此可知，引用JudgeHand的話原因在于證明偉大作品有利于拓展我們的理解，提高我們的能力。因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)只是JudgeHand舉的部分例子，并不是作者舉例的原因。Text3Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetotheotherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboftiringtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,or