2021高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題-定語(yǔ)從句

2021高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題-定語(yǔ)從句?定語(yǔ)從句的考查要點(diǎn)1．功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)。2．位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.3．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some,any,every和no與body,thing的合成詞；或all,none,any,some,that,those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。4．關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why等5．確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：(1)先找先行詞,看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。(1)先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.6．在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,few等修飾時(shí)。⑶先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.⑹當(dāng)主句是以which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?.宜用which而不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。⑶當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。.關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。(2)先行詞是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。⑶當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。.whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver..關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。⑴先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany(much)中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：①such.?.that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch。②thesame...that...弓［導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow?⑵無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①意義上：as含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as從句可置句首，也可在另處。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.題組訓(xùn)練1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1．Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimagination.2．TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt，whichisastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.3．Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.4．Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.5．Thisistheonlywaythatwecanfindatpresent.6．ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop..關(guān)系副詞when與where,why,thatwhen指時(shí)間=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地點(diǎn)=in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因=forwhichthat可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when,where,why和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾的先行詞常為theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.題組訓(xùn)練2用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空1．Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval，whentheaudiencecanbuyicecream.2．Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator，whereitwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.3．Canyouworkoutaway(that/in_which)_wecansolvethisproblem.4．Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.5．Ididn’tknowthereason(why)hecamelate.12．必須注意的問(wèn)題：(1)關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。(2)注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無(wú)意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.R語(yǔ)從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(3)定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。①定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可省略。②同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫作連接詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定語(yǔ)從句)(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。⑸關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。(6)幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one為先行詞)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先行詞)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.?語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯下面的句子1．我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和我們的父母交換意見(jiàn)，他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，最重要的是，他們是世界上最?lèi)?ài)我們的人。（2013?重慶?寫(xiě)作一）We_students_should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents，who_are_rich_in_experience，and_above_all，love_us_most_in_the_world.2．很抱歉我沒(méi)有立刻回復(fù)一周前你寄給我的電子郵件。（2013?山東?寫(xiě)作）I’m_sorry_I_couldn’t_reply_to_your_email_which_you_sent_me_a_week_ago_immediately.3．總之，能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)贏得他們的友誼是我一生中感到最自豪的事。（2013?浙江?書(shū)面表達(dá)）In_a_word，being_able_to_win_their_friendship_in_a_very_short_time_is_the_thing_that_I_am_proud_of_most_in_my_life.4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人應(yīng)該得到和工程師或教師一樣的尊重。(2013?廣東?讀寫(xiě)任務(wù))Consequently，those_who_do_those_most_insignificant_jobs_should_get_respect_as_muchas_those_being_engineers_or_teachers.5．我讓他給你帶去你以前要的中國(guó)畫(huà)。I’ve_asked_him_to_bring_you_the_Chinese_painting_you’ve_asked_for_before.?語(yǔ)法填空J(rèn)anewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult1. wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishedthathewasaseasy2. (please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.Besides，shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot3. pleasantexperience：peoplesteppedonyourfeetor4.(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Janepausedinfrontofacounter5. someattractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk，”theassistanttriedtoattracther.“Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather6. (choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes7. sale.Shedidnothesitateforlong：althoughherfathersmokedapipeonly