2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)基礎英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)基礎英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.PutinhasbeenseenastryingtochoosebetweenMedvedev,abusinessfriendlylawyerandSergeiIvanov,anotherfirstdeputypremierwhobuiltupasternandhawkishreputationwhiledefenseminister.A.warlikeB.peacefulC.mercifulD.merciless2.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow______,particularlyinWesternEurope.A.obsoleteB.obscureC.optionalD.overlapping3.Industrialbuyersareresponsibleforsupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatanorganizationrequiredforitsoperations.4.______mechanicaldevicehaseverbeeninventedthatcansatisfactorilyreplaceteaselflowerheadsforraisingthenaponcloth.A.NoB.NottheC.NeverhasaD.Thereisno5.Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Moreover,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivity,andmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.

A.tissue

B.Moreover

C.measured

D.activity6.Butthejudgesurprisedtheentirecourtwhenhestated,"The______ofthemarriagecontractinvalidatedit."A.kithB.forgeryC.sybariteD.vanguard7.Listeningtoghoststoriesmademyfleshcreep.8.Theprimarydangerofthetelevisionscreenliesnotsomuchinthebehavioritproduces—althoughthereisdangerthere—asinthebehavioritprevents:thetalks,thegames,thefestivitiesandargumentsthroughwhichmuchofthechild'slearningtakesplaceandthroughwhichhischaracterisformed.Turningonthetelevisionsetcanturnofftheprocessthattransformschildrenintopeople.9.Ifthatideawaswrong,theprojectisboundtofail,______goodalltheotherideasmightbe.A.whateverB.thoughC.whatsoeverD.however10.Thetallfellowoverthereis______thegreatmathematician,BillWilliams,himself.A.nootherbutB.noonethanC.nootherthanD.noneotherthan11.Hehasjustfinishedfixingthedoor,anditlooksasthough______averyhardjobA.itmusthavebeenB.itwasC.tobeD.itmustbe12.Theyareneededfor______foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming13.Ifprideinagoodnamekeepsfamiliesandneighborhoodsstraight,asenseofshameisthe______sideofthatcoin.A.diverseB.perverseC.reverseD.converse14.AnexpansionaryandcomprehensivepolicypackageisneededtoenabletheU.S.economytoescapefromitspresent______trap.A.inflationaryB.briskC.deflationaryD.stagflationary15.Smalldistinctionsamongstamps,unimportanttothepersonaverage,wouldmeanagreatdealtothestampcollector.16.In1951,______confirmhertheorygeneticistBarbaraMcClintockclaimedthatgeneticinformationshiftedfromonechromosometoanother.A.molecularbiologistscouldbeforelongB.couldmolecularbiologistslongbeforeC.beforelongmolecularbiologistscouldD.longbeforemolecularbiologistscould17.Butthathedidn'thelpme,IwouldnothavebeenabletoobtainthescholarshipandpursuedoctoraldegreeatHarvardUniversity.

A.Butthat

B.didn'thelpme

C.wouldnothavebeen

D.at18.Theprimitiveemotionsofloveandhate,eventhoughextremeopposites,arefoundinvaryingdegreeseveninthemost______person.A.brackishB.sylvanC.beneficentD.defunct19.Youmustobtain______fromthecommunetofishinthisriverA.permitB.permissionC.rightD.freedom20."Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud."

"Iwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness______byhislackoftalent."A.asmuchasB.ratherthanC.asD.than21.Arationalconsumertendsto______hisorhertotalutility.A.enlargeB.controlC.maximizeD.accumulate22.Bycontrast,thegoodideasare______fromthefacultyoftheunderstanding—orreason—androughlyinvolveeithermathematicaldemonstrationorfactualpredictions.(derive)23.Directions:Writeanessayof300wordstostateyourownopiniononthefollowingtopic.Giveexamples,eitheryourpersonalobservationsandexperiencesorsimplythingsyouhavereadthatwouldbackupyourview.Yourwritingwillbeassessedforlanguage,content,organizationandlength.

AreInterpersonalSkillsImportanttoYourFutureDevelopment?24.TocelebrateTheRoyalBallet's75thanniversary,telegraphreaderswereofferedan______invitationtoayear'smembershipoftheFriendsofCoventGardenfor￡60.A.extendedB.exclusiveC.extortionateD.extraneous25.WhichofthefollowingishomeofthegreatAmericangoods:Ford,GeneralMotorsandChrysler?A.Chicago,IllinoisB.Chicago,MichiganC.Detroit,IllinoisD.Detroit,Michigan26.______yourrequestforanadditionalassistant,Icanonlysayatthisstagethatthisisbeingconsidered.A.ForthepurposeofB.InregardtoC.IntermsofD.Inviewof27.Hesharesthesamerottentasteswithsomedubiouscharacters.Thisisclearlyshowninthereport.28.Schoolsshouldconsiderusingsignal-blockingdevicestopreventpupilsusingmobilephonetextmessagingtocheatinexaminations,aleadingexpertonexamfraudsaidyesterday.

JeanUnderwood,aProfessorofPsychologyatNottinghamTrentuniversity,saidthatalthoughmostofthedebateontheuseofnewtechnologyandcheatinghadfocusedonuniversities,theproblemwaslikelytobemorewidespreadinschools.

"Theproblemsofacademicdishonestymaybelesswellresearchedintheschoolsystemthaninthetertiaryeducationsector,butalltheevidencepointstotheproblembeingbothrealandonagrowingscale,"Shesaid.29.Oncestarted,achainreactionsustainsitselfwithout______outsideinfluence.A.endlessB.additionalC.interruptiveD.measurable30.Directions:Thefollowingisapieceofnewsreport.Readitcarefullyandwriteacommentofnolessthan300words.

VictimsRefusetoActasEyewitnessesforPolice

ApolicemaninJinanwasseriouslystabbedwhiletryingtocatchahijackerwhoattemptedtorobayoungcouple.Thecouple,however,refusedtoactaseye-witnessestotheincident,reportsQilu:EveningNews.

DuringtheirpatrolalongaquietlanelastSaturdayevening,threelocalpolicemencaughttwomenrobbingthecouple.Thethirdhowever,ranaway,withaluxuriouspurseandabulkybusinessbagundereacharm,whichobviouslybelongedtothecouple.Hewasthinner,taller,butfiercer.

Whenoneofthepoliceman,ShiLei,gavechase,thecorneredrobberstabbedhimandfled.Thecouplesaidtheyweretoobusytohelppolicerecordtheincident,andalsoleft.

Shihasappealedforthecoupletoassistpolice.31.Thereisno(l______)lostbetweenTomandMary--theystilldislikeeachother.32.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust______andneedsproving.A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical33.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.34.IsuspectthatthereisquitealotoflorestoredawayintheColonel'sotherwisenotveryinterestingmind.35.宗教和巫術不只是解釋事物并幫助人們實現(xiàn)種種目標。它們還涉足人類的情感領域。換言之，它們既滿足認知(即解釋性)的需要，又滿足情感的需要。如超自然信仰和習俗有助于緩解焦慮情緒。巫法可祛除人們對結(jié)局無計可施時所出現(xiàn)的種種疑慮。同樣，宗教還有助于人們面對死亡并忍受種種人生危機。

盡管所有的社會均具應對日常事務之法，但有些方面終歸世事難料。據(jù)一位著名學人的觀點，人們面臨無常和危險之際，往往求助于巫術。36.WhenIarrivedinAberdeen,IfellinlovewiththeDoric—thislinguistically______,wittyandgrittydialect.A.gorgeousB.standardC.matureD.rational37.Tenyearsago,Dr.PeterMolanandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWaikatoinNewZealandwereintriguedbyseveralreportsthatconfirmedthetraditionalMaoriremedyofhoneyfordyspepsiaandsimilar______ofthestomach.A.disordersB.ulcersC.cancerD.disease38.HesetaboutrebuildingParis,andchangeditfromapicturesque,unsanitary,seventeenth-centurycityintothespacious,latinizedcityofmarbleitistoday.39.Chang'ewassupposedtopositionallofitsinstrumentstofacethemoononNovember18,aposturefacilitatingitsprobingwork.A.précisingB.assistingC.producingD.twisting40.“未來”對每一個人都具有無可抵抗的誘惑力，這是一個充滿了“向前”“美麗”和“憧憬”意向的詞語，因為每個人都向往改變和更加美好的生活，于是人們都愿意和猜測未來。

也許對于生活在科學門檻前面的中國人來說，科學仍然神秘而美麗，明艷照人。我們還渴望信息時代的生活，我們還渴望生物工程帶來長壽的健康，我們還渴望坐在宇宙飛船去往火星的路上看繁星點點……但是如果我們在科學還不是那么發(fā)達的時候沒有勇氣反思的話，我們將有可能直接地與未來的邪惡狹路相逢。那時要面對的并不是別的，而是《圣經(jīng)》上的末日審判。41.Tiffin,aBritishRajwordforasnackoralightmeal,wasalsoatastychocolatebarwithbitsofbiscuitandfruitwhichFry'susedtomakebeforeitwas______outofexistence.A.thrownB.drivenC.criticizedD.rationalized42.Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterial______itshome.A.buildsB.itcanbuildC.thatitbuildsD.withwhichtobuild43.Thefloodsdidnotstartto______untiltwodaysaftertherainhadstopped.A.retireB.retreatC.recedeD.sink44.Intheabsenceoffriction,belts______inconveyingpowerfromonemachinetoanotherA.willnotbeusedB.couldnotbeusedC.maynotbeusedD.cannot,beused45.Evenbeforethetrainhadcometoastop,themassiveonslaughtofbodiesengulfedusfromallsides.A.plungingB.outpouringC.strikingD.withdrawing46.Inthecomingyear,when______byself-doubtsaboutmyabilitytoteachorgetthroughtheslogofwritingtheMAthesis,Iwouldthink,"DrStewartmustbelieveIcandothis."A.pervadedB.offendedC.assailedD.contradicted47.Agedjustfour,JosephineHawkinsisalreadyateasewithhercomputerandtheInternet,______clickinghermouseonDisneysitestodownloadimagesofherfavoritecharacters.A.confidentiallyB.confidentlyC.appreciativelyD.conscientiously48.ThebasisofthisconsensusisabeliefthatimprovedrelationswiththeU.S.wouldserveIranianinterestsonavarietyoffronts,includingIraq,Afghanistan,oilproduction,foreigninvestmentandIran'snuclearenergyprogram.A.agreementreachedbyagroupasawholeB.opinionacceptedbythemajorityC.viewheldbytheminorityD.perspectiveignoredbymostpeople49.Parents______sendingtheirchildrentoSinfin,Derby,wouldhavereadthatstandardshad"risensignificantly"overthepreviousthreeyearsandthat,thankstoimprovementsinteaching,mostpupilswerenow"atorjustbelowthelevelexpectedoftheirage".A.contemningB.contestingC.contemplatingD.consulting50.Earlierthatyear,UNESCOlistedKunquasanIntangibleCulturalHeritage.A.hypotheticalB.valuableC.nonphysicalD.unchangeable第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A[解析]句意：我們看到，普京正在這兩個人中間作出選擇，一個是主張商業(yè)友好態(tài)度的律師梅德韋杰夫，另一個是伊萬諾夫，他在任職聯(lián)邦副總理、聯(lián)邦國防部長期間樹立了其鷹派形象。hawkish：(政治上)有鷹派味道的，好戰(zhàn)的。A：好戰(zhàn)的，B：和平的，C：憐憫的，D：殘忍無情的。2.參考答案：A[解析]句意：火藥的引入使得弓箭逐漸過時，在西歐尤其如此。“obsolete”廢棄的、過時的，“obscure”費解的、暗淡的，“optional”選擇的，“overlapping”重疊的。3.參考答案：required→requires..thatanorganization...是定語從句，因主句是一股現(xiàn)在時，故此定語從句亦為一般現(xiàn)在時，又因anorganization是此定語從句的主語，故用requires。4.參考答案：A[解析]no可以用來否定名詞，相當于nota/an。B選項定冠詞使用不當。C和D選項中都有謂語結(jié)構，與原句沖突。5.參考答案：B：moreover→instead[解析]前一句提到，研究者們并沒有檢查腦組織，而后一句講的是他們測量了大腦的電波活動。由此可知，前后兩句應該是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。6.參考答案：B[解析]句意：但是法官的判決使得整個法庭都很震驚，他宣判：“結(jié)婚的文書是偽造的，因而婚姻無效。”“kith”朋友、親戚，“forgery”偽造的文件、簽名，“sybarite”好享受的人，“vanguard”先頭部隊，先導。答案為B。7.參考答案：mademefeelthrilling8.參考答案：電視的主要危險并不完全在于它讓人們做了什么——當然那也存在一定的危險一更多地在于它不讓人們做什么：交流、游戲、家庭聯(lián)歡、爭論，而這些都是孩子學習、性格形成所必須經(jīng)歷的。打開電視，也就關掉了讓孩子長大成人的過程。[解析]本段話選自李觀儀《新編英語教程》第五冊第五單元課文，原文題目為ThePlug-inDrug:TVandtheAmericanFamily。本選段共兩句話，第一句話中l(wèi)iesnotsomuchin...asin...不在于……而在于，為前后平行的結(jié)構，翻譯過程中要注意。9.參考答案：D[解析]句意：如果那個想法不對，不管其他的點子有多好，這個項目是注定要失敗的。A：無論什么。B：盡管。C：無論什么。D：無論多么，不管到什么程度，無論如何。此處需要一個副詞來修飾good，表示讓步。只有D符合題意。10.參考答案：D[解析]句意：那邊那個高個子不是別人，正是偉大的數(shù)學家BillWilliams。C和D選項均意為“不是別人，正是……”；區(qū)別在于現(xiàn)代英語中C很少出現(xiàn)，一般都用D選項的說法；其余兩個選項沒有這個含義。所以，D為最佳答案。11.參考答案：B[解析]句意：他剛剛把門固定好，看上去這是一份很困難的工作。由題干中的“asthough”可知，本題考查的是虛擬語氣。只有B選項符合題意。12.參考答案：D[解析]句意：它們是用來將食物轉(zhuǎn)換成能量、維持身體機能的。A：moveorcausetomovefromoneplacetoanother，especiallyoverasmalldistance轉(zhuǎn)移，移動。B：moveorcausetomovetoanothergroup，occupationorservice(使)改行，調(diào)動。C：changeorcausetochangeincharacterorcomposition，typicallyinacomparativelysmallbutsignificantway(尤指以微小但顯著的方式)改變性質(zhì)或成分。D：makeathoroughordramaticchangeintheform，appearance，orcharacterof通過深刻或劇烈的變化而改變其形式、外表或本質(zhì)，徹底改變，使發(fā)生巨變，使改觀，變革。13.參考答案：C[解析]句意：如果好名聲帶來的自豪感可以讓家庭或者四鄰行為端正，那么羞恥感的作用則恰恰相反。動詞辨析。diverse“多種多樣的”；perverse“歪曲的、錯誤的”；thereverseside是固定表達，指事物的反面、背面等；converse多半用于正規(guī)場合，如Conversely,notallthepeoplearewealthy.C更符合題意。14.參考答案：D[解析]句意：要使美國的經(jīng)濟擺脫目前的停滯狀態(tài)，需要實行一個刺激經(jīng)濟擴張的綜合性政策。本題考查的是形容詞辨析。A選項意為通貨膨脹的；B選項意為強烈的、活潑的；C選項意為通貨緊縮的；D意為滯漲的。根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞“expansionaryandcomprehensive”可知，D為正確答案。15.參考答案：thepersonaverage→theaverageperson[解析]一般而言，形容詞修飾名詞應置于名詞之前。16.參考答案：D[解析]句意：1951年，早在分子生物學家們能夠證實遺傳學家芭芭拉·麥克林托克的理論之前，她就宣稱遺傳信息可以在染色體之間移動。before可以用作連詞，其后引導從句，表示在……之前，因此選D，而long放在before之前，是用來強調(diào)在……之前很久。17.參考答案：B：didn'thelpme→hadhelped[解析]Butthat引導的從句一般應用虛擬語氣，意為“要不是……”。有本句的主句可知，從句是對過去的虛擬，根據(jù)句意，應該填的是肯定形式的過去完成時。18.參考答案：C[解析]句意：愛與恨雖然是原始情緒的兩個極端，但是即使是在最仁慈的人身上也會有或多或少的體現(xiàn)?！癰rackish”有鹽味的、討厭的，“sylvan”森林的、樹木的、鄉(xiāng)村的，“beneficent”仁慈的、慈愛的，“defunct”已故的、不在的、無效的。答案為C。19.參考答案：B[解析]句意：要想在這里捕魚，你得先得到鎮(zhèn)上的批準。A：banofficialdocumentgivingsomeoneauthorizationtodosomething執(zhí)照，許可證，可數(shù)名詞，前面需加冠詞或表示數(shù)量的詞。B：[massnoun]consent；authorization(不可數(shù))同意，許可，準許；anofficialdocumentgivingauthorization(可數(shù))正式批準文件，許可。C：權力。D：自由。根據(jù)句中的介詞from，排除選項C和D。A作名詞時為可數(shù)名詞，用法不對。只有B滿足題意。20.參考答案：A[解析]句意：“那個小號手聲音太大了?！薄芭c他的聲音相比，我更受不了他的水平?！盇：和……一樣，B：寧可……也不……，C：像……一樣，D：更……。此處為同級比較的否定形式，若選B，前面無需not；若選C，此處為介詞，不通；若選D，句中沒有出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞的比較級。21.參考答案：C[解析]句意：理性的消費者總是能做到物盡其用。本題考查的是動詞辨析。A的含義是“擴大、增大”；B的含義是“控制”；C的含義是“最大化”；D的含義是“積累”。根據(jù)題干中的“rational”可知，C符合題意。22.參考答案：derived[解析]句意：與此相反，好的想法來源于理解能力——或推理能力——這大致包括數(shù)學實證或者實證預測。23.參考答案：[范文]

InterpersonalSkillsAreImportanttoOurFutureDevelopment

Whenitcomestoone'ssuccess,exceptforthoseshiningpoints,peoplewillalwayssaythathemustalsohavespectacularinterpersonalskillsthatpromotehisdevelopment.However,therearestillsomeotherswhodisagreewiththisview,sayingthatone'sownability,otherthantheso-calledinterpersonalskills,isactuallytheveryfactorthatdecideswhetherhecandevelopwellinthefuture.Frommypointofview,interpersonalskillsareofgreatimportancetoourfuturedevelopment,nomatterweareverycapableorjustofmediocretalent.

Apersonhavinggoodinterpersonalskillsknowswhatisthemostimportantthinginanyrelationship—respect;heknowsthatwhenpeoplearoundhimareintroublehehastheresponsibilitytowalkoutandofferhelp;what'smore,heneverlooksdownuponpeoplewhentheyarelowbuthetrieshisbesttoencouragethemtofacetroublebravely.Asaresult,heearnsalotofgenuinefriendswhotreathiminthesamewayhetreatsothers,i.e,whenhelapsesintogreatdifficulty,thereisoftensomeonesupportinghimstrongly,whichhelpstodecreasetheobstaclesandguaranteeshisbetterfuturedevelopment.

Thereisatruestorythatbestillustratesthisopinion.Ayoungwomanhasrecentlyretiredandwhensheisthinkingthatlifeisimpossibletocontinue,shecomesacrossamiddleschoolclassmate.Herclassmate,tohersurprise,hasnowbecomeasuccessfulbusinessmanandhegivesheraflowershopasapresent,whichenableshertoworkagainandsupportherfamily.Whenaskedwhyhedoesthis,thebusinessmansaysitisoutofhisgratitudetowardsthewoman.Whentheywereinmiddleschool,theman,atthattimeaverypoorandsqualidboy,withsnotallday,waslookeddownuponbyhisclassmatesexceptthegirl,whoalwaysplayedwithhimandhelpedhimwithhisstudy.Beingthankful,theboywasfindingopportunitieslastseveralyearstorepaythegirlandatlasthisdreamcametrue.Obviously,duetoherexcellentinterpersonalskills,thegirlalsogainanewstartoflife.

Realizingtheimportantroleinterpersonalskillsplayinpushingourfuturedevelopment,weshouldapplythemintoourdailyinterpersonalpracticesasoftenaspossible.Onlyinthiswaycanwehopetoachievebetterresultsinourfuturedevelopment.24.參考答案：A[解析]句意：為慶?；始野爬傥鑸F成立75周年，觀眾接到邀請，支付60英鎊即可獲得考文特劇團一年的會員資格。A：奉獻，發(fā)出。B：單獨的，排他的。C：敲詐的，過高的，昂貴的，勒索的。D：無關系的，外來的。toextendaninvitation：發(fā)出邀請，此系固定表達。25.參考答案：D[解析]Knownastheworld'straditionalautomotivecenter,DetroitisametonymfortheAmericanautomobileindustry.ItisthehomeofGeneralMotorsCompany,alsoknownasGM,FordMotorCompany—anAmericanmultinationalcorporationandChryslerGroupLLC,firstorganizedastheChryslerCorporationin1925.26.參考答案：B[解析]句意：至于你說的增加一名助手的要求，我只能說目前我們正在討論這個問題。本題考查的是介詞詞組的使用?！癴orthepurposeof”為了，“inregardto”關于，“intermsof”根據(jù)、依據(jù)，“inviewof”考慮到、由于。根據(jù)句意，B為正確答案。27.參考答案：他和一些可疑人物臭味相投，這在報告里寫得清清楚楚。[解析]sharethesamerottentaste可以譯為臭味相投：character此處指……樣的人物。28.參考答案：昨日，一位研究考試舞弊的權威專家指出，為防止小學生在考試中使用手機短信作弊，學校應考慮使用信號屏蔽設備。

諾丁漢特倫特大學心理學教授吉恩·安德伍德說，雖然有關使用新技術與考試舞弊的爭論一直針對大學，但是該問題在中小學有可能更加普遍。

她評述說：“或許在中小學校中對學習欺詐問題的研究不及在高等教育部門中進行得深入，但種種跡象表明該問題確實存在并且有不斷蔓延的趨勢。”[解析]本文是一則有關學生在考試時利用手機作弊的新聞報道。新聞報道具有客觀性，真實性。在語言方面，沒有太多的文學描寫。故翻譯時可根據(jù)其特點客觀地再現(xiàn)原文。

1．signal-blockingdevices：信號屏蔽設備，信號屏蔽器

2．fraud：本意為欺詐，欺騙行為；在文中與exam連用，故根據(jù)語境譯成“考試舞弊”。

3．在第二段中出現(xiàn)了兩個表示學校的詞：university和school。很明顯，university專指大學；相對應的school在此不能簡單的翻譯成“學校”而應譯成“中小學?；蛑行W”。

4．tertiaryeducation：高等教育29.參考答案：B[解析]句意：一旦開始，一系列的連鎖反應就會持續(xù)下來，而不會受到外界影響。A：havingorseemingtohavenoendorlimit無窮盡的，無止境的；無限的。B：added，extra，orsupplementarytowhatisalreadypresentoravailable另外的，附加的，額外的，更多的。C：中斷的，阻礙的，遮斷的，打斷的，打擾的。D：largeenoughtobemeasured；noticeable；definite可測出的；明白可見的；明確的。30.參考答案：[范文]

Ethicslower?

Theissueofethicshasattractedpublicattentionandarousedheateddiscussionsinrecentyears.Thebottomlineofethicshasbeenlowered,sincepeopledarenottohelpsomeonewhoisindangerortosafeguardthejusticeoflaw.Reflectingtheabove-mentionedincident,Iholdtheopinionthatthecoupleshouldbeinevitablyblamedandtheincompletelegalandsocialsystemisthefundamentalfactortobepondered.

Thepolicemaninthenewsreportmightnothavesparednoefforttocatchtherobber,ifhehasknownthatthevictimwouldrefusetoactaseyewitness.Itisassumedthatsuchkindofcasewillmakepeoplehesitatetogivetheirhandstootherswhoareintrouble,fortheydon'tknowwhetherthehelpeddeservetheireffortsandrisks.Thenyoucanimaginewhattheworldwouldbelike,ifeveryoneactsasabystanderwhencatchingsightofothersindifficulties.Thereisnodoubtthatthebasicethicswouldbecomelip-service.Manypeoplecomplainthatthosepeopleaskind-heartedasLeifenghavenolongerexisted.Infact,Ithinkifeveryonelearnstoappreciatetheother'shelpandencouragethemtohelpmorepeople,theremustbemoreandmorebraveandwarm-heartedpeoplespringingup.Moreover,thereshouldnodefiniteboundarybetweenhelpersandthehelped.Theirrolescanbeshiftedorexchangedwitheachother.Ifyouarehelped,youcanspreadandflourishthespirittoawiderrange.Assoonassuchafinecycleforms,ethicswillbewithintheheartofeveryone.

Ontheotherhand,itiseasyforustomakeclearwhythecoupleturneddownthepolice.Beingbusyisjustanexcuse.Theyareafraidtoberevengedbytherobbers.Thatis,theyfeltinsecurethattheywouldgetthemselvesintotroublebecauseofassistingthepolice.Tobehonest,itisjustifiableforthemtomakesuchanimmoralandirresponsiblebehavior.Intheunhealthylegalandsocialsystem,thereislackoflaws,regulationsandethicstoguideeachcitizentohavetherightofcitizenship,forinstance,tobeincourtaswitness.Beingawitnessmeansyouareviolatingtheinterestsoftheaccused.Undertheinsecureconditions,peoplearelikelytodefendtheirowninterests.Nevertheless,iftheperfectlegalandsocialsystemisestablishedandcarriedforward,Iamconvincedthatpeoplewillbecomemoreconcernedandresponsibleforothers,ratherthananxiousandindifferent.

Tosumup,itistheincompletesocialsystemthatisresponsibleforthestone-heartedandirresponsibleone.Therefore,aslongasthelegalandsocialsystembecomesperfect,theethicswillbefosteredandenhanced,andmeanwhile,thevirtuewillblossom.31.參考答案：loathing[解析]根據(jù)后半句中的dislike和前半句的lost可以判斷，此處應該填一個和dislike意思相同的名詞，所以填loathing。32.參考答案：B[解析]句意：不論是誰提出的有關宇宙起源的理論，該理論都只是假設，有待證實?！皊pontaneous”自發(fā)的，“hypothetical”假設的，“intuitive”直覺的，“empirical”實證的。33.參考答案：ThewaronlyhelpedtoacceleratethecollapseoftheVictoriansocialstructure.34.參考答案：IthinkthereisquitealotofknowledgeintheColonel'smind,whichisnotsointerestingotherthanthat.35.參考答案：Religionandwitchcraftnotonlyexplainthingsandhelppeopleachieveavariousgoalsbutalsoinvolveinthefieldofhumanemotions.Inotherwords,theymeettheneedsofcognition(illustration)aswellasthatofsensations.Forinstance,supernaturalfaithsandconventionsservetorelieveanxiety;meanwhile,witchcraftsremoveallkindsofmisgivingsemergedwhentheoutcomeleavesnoroomforimprovement.Inthesamecase,religionsareconduciveforpeopletofacedeathandbeareachandeverycrisisinlife.

Althoughallpeoplearesupposedtobeequippedwiththemethodsofdealingwithdailyevents,buttherearestillsomeaspectsoflifeunpredictable.Accordingtoawell-knownlearnedman,peopleoftenresorttothewitchcraftwhenconfrontedwithuncertaintiesandrisks.[解析]1．巫術：witchcraft

2．原文第一句話和第二句話可以通過合并的方法譯成一句，也可以各澤成單句。

3．涉足人類的情感領域是指“牽涉到……”，故用involve。

4．事世難料：someaspectsoflifeareunpredictable或someunexpectedoccasionsloominourlifeanyway.

5．超自然信仰：supernaturalfaith36.參考答案：A[解析]句意：當我到了阿伯丁郡就立刻喜歡上了多利斯鄉(xiāng)音——這種聽起來極盡華麗、充滿了智慧和剛毅的語言。A：非常漂亮的，華美的。B：標準的。C：成熟的。D：理性的。doric是一種方言，因此B不對。C和D語義不通。說話者是想說該方言聽起來非常好聽，因此選A。37.參考答案：A[解析]句意：十年前，新西蘭Waikato大學的PeterMolan博士和他的同事對幾份報告產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，這些報告肯定了毛利人利用蜂蜜來治療消化不良及其他類似胃部不適的傳統(tǒng)療法。A：(醫(yī))(身體)失調(diào)；疾??；異常。B：潰瘍。C：癌癥。D：疾病。dyspepsia：disturbeddigestion；indigestion消化不良。此處需要一個和dyspepsia程度接近的詞，因此選A。38.參考答案：他開始著手重建巴黎。他要將它從一個美麗卻骯臟的十七世紀城市變成寬敞的拉丁風格的大理石城市——也就是今日之巴黎。[解析]setabout：開始做，著手做；unsanitary：不衛(wèi)生的39.參考答案：B[解析]句意：到11月18號那天，嫦娥號上所有的設備都朝向月球，這些動作將有利于它的探測工作。facilitate：(不以人作主語的)使容易，使便利，推動，幫助，使容易，促進。A：使精確，B：輔助，C：生產(chǎn)，D：扭曲。40.參考答案：Theword"future"loadedwithsuchassociationsas"progress","beauty"and"expectation"hasanirresistibletemptationforeverybody.Sinceitishumannaturetolongforchangesoftheircircumstancesandforabetterlife,theyinvariablywanttocalculateandpredictthefuture.

SomemayarguethatfortheChinese,itisnothingshortofsenselessworrying,forwestillhavealongwaytogobeforeweattainmaterialaffluence,whilepuzzlingoverthemysteriousness,glamourandvirtueofscienceuponitsth