譯林版英語選擇性第一冊課件Unit4SectionBGrammarandusageIntegratedskills

UNIT4SectionB

Grammarandusage&Integratedskills英語2021內(nèi)容索引課前篇自主預(yù)習(xí)課堂篇互動探究課前篇自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ.知識體系圖解重點(diǎn)詞匯

1.ideal

n.

adj.

2.rigidadj.

3.eran.

4.divergevi.

5.

n.小說家

6.

vt.經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受7.

n.工業(yè)化理想;典范完美的,理想的死板的,僵硬的;固執(zhí)的,僵化的時(shí)代,年代分叉,岔開;分歧,相異;偏離novelist

undergoindustrialization

8.

vt.擁護(hù),支持,提倡n.擁護(hù)者,支持者;辯護(hù)律師9.

n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心10.

n.區(qū),行政區(qū);地區(qū),區(qū)域11.

vi.&vt.(使)拐彎,彎曲n.拐彎,彎道12.

n.聲明,宣稱;所有權(quán);索賠vt.宣稱,聲稱;要求;索取;獲得13.

vi.&vt.踩,踏;踩碎,踐踏;行走,步行14.

n.&vi.嘆氣,嘆息15.

adv.因此,由此advocate

belief

district

bend

claim

tread

sigh

hence重點(diǎn)短語1.becoveredwith

2.stickout

3.followrigidrules

4.undergoaprocess

5.haveanimpacton

6.

與某事終止關(guān)聯(lián),破除

被……覆蓋突出;伸出遵守嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則經(jīng)歷一個過程對……有影響breakwithsth重點(diǎn)語法非謂語動詞概述

Ⅱ.閱讀下列句子,識別畫線部分的用法6.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?

7.Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochangelives,includingyourown.

8.IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.

9.Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.

10.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,tellingmestoriestillIfellasleep.

答案

1.動詞-ing形式作定語修飾people。2.動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。3.動詞-ed形式作狀語。4.動詞-ed形式作定語修飾anote;動詞-ing形式作定語修飾anote。5.動詞不定式作主語。6.動詞-ing形式作賓語。7.動詞不定式作定語修飾achance。8.動詞不定式作目的狀語。9.動詞-ing形式作主語。10.動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語。課堂篇互動探究重點(diǎn)詞匯1TheaimoftheRomanticswastobreak

withtheidealsofthe18thcentury...(Page48)

浪漫派的目標(biāo)是與18世紀(jì)的理想決裂……【詞匯精講】breakwith是固定詞組,意為“與某事終止關(guān)聯(lián),破除”。Wemustbreak

witholdideas.我們必須與舊觀念徹底決裂。Forthishedecidedtobreak

withhisfamily.為此他決定和他的家庭決裂?！驹~匯拓展】breakdown

(機(jī)器)損壞;破壞;(身體/精神)垮下來;感情失去控制breakup 拆散,分開;驅(qū)散,解散;分手breakin 強(qiáng)行闖入,侵入;插話breakoff 折斷;中斷;停止說話;(工作中)稍作休息breakthrough 突破……breakout 突然爆發(fā)Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystembroke

down.因?yàn)榭照{(diào)壞了,他只好不時(shí)地停下來擦汗。Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningtobreak

throughinthefightagainstcancer.科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們在對抗癌癥的斗爭中開始有所突破。Hebroke

offinthemiddleofasentence.他一句話只說了一半就停住了?！具w移應(yīng)用】翻譯下列詞組(1)breakwithtradition

(2)breakwitholdhabits

(3)breakwiththepast

打破傳統(tǒng)破除舊習(xí)慣與過去決裂用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空

breakout

breakoff

breakthrough

breakwith

breakdown

breakup(4)Youhadbetter

yourbadhabits.

(5)Themeetingdidn’t

untilnoon.

(6)Abigfire

inthetownlastnight.

(7)Scientistshave

inthefightagainstthedisease.

(8)ThenthecarIwasin

,soIhadtowalkhome.

(9)I

theconversationandansweredthetelephone.

breakwithbreakupbrokeoutbrokenthroughbrokedownbrokeoff【遷移應(yīng)用】翻譯下列詞組(1)undergotests/trials

(2)undergorepairs

完成句子(3)這架新型飛機(jī)正在接受安全檢驗(yàn)。Thisnewplaneis

.

(4)這座城市在過去的五年中經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。Thetownhas

duringthelastfiveyears.

(5)她在醫(yī)院里接受了全面檢查。She

inthehospital.

經(jīng)受考驗(yàn)接受檢修undergoingsafetytestsundergonegreatchangesunderwentathoroughexamination3Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.(Page48)相反,他們主張回歸自然?！驹~匯精講】advocate在本句中作動詞,意為“擁護(hù),支持,提倡”。它也可以作名詞,意為“擁護(hù)者,支持者;辯護(hù)律師”。Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.=Thegroupdoesnotadvocateusingviolence.該團(tuán)體不支持使用暴力。Heisastrongadvocateoffreespeech.他是言論自由的堅(jiān)定擁護(hù)者。Hegotthebestadvocateintowntodefendhim.他請城里最好的律師為他辯護(hù)?！驹~匯拓展】advocate(doing)sth提倡/主張(做)某事advocatethat...(should)do...

主張/提倡……應(yīng)該做……Itisadvocatedthat...(should)do...

有人主張/提倡……應(yīng)該做……Weadvocate

quittingsmokinginordertokeephealthy.=Weadvocate

thatwe(should)quitsmokingtokeephealthy.為了保持健康,我們提倡戒煙。【遷移應(yīng)用】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Doyouadvocate

(ban)carsinthecitycentre?

(2)Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings

(fit)withsmokedetectors.

完成句子(3)許多人主張?jiān)鲈O(shè)醫(yī)院。Manypeople

.

banning

(should)befittedadvocatebuildingmorehospitals4Towhereitbentintheundergrowth...(Page50)直到它消失在叢林深處……【詞匯精講】bend在句子中用作動詞,意為“拐彎,彎曲”。它還可以用作名詞,意為“拐彎,彎道”。Thebranchbentbutdidn’tbreakwhentheboyclimbedalongit.那男孩爬上樹枝時(shí),樹枝彎曲了,但是沒有折斷。Itisn’teasytobendabarofiron.使鐵棒彎曲不容易。Youshouldslowdownaroundthebend.在拐彎處應(yīng)放慢速度?！驹~匯拓展】benddown彎腰bendtherules 放寬規(guī)則Hebent

downtolifttheboxoffthefloor.他彎腰從地上拿起盒子。【遷移應(yīng)用】翻譯句子(1)Hebentdowntopickupthebook.(2)Bendyourlegswhenyoupickupsomethingheavy.(3)Hetriedtobendhertohiswill.(4)Theaccidenthappenedatthebend.他彎下腰撿起那本書。拾起重物時(shí)要屈腿。他想讓她服從他的意志。事故發(fā)生在拐彎處。重點(diǎn)語法非謂語動詞概述一、非謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

一般時(shí)完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)動詞不定式主動todotohavedonetobedoing被動tobedonetohavebeendone

動詞-ing形式主動doinghavingdone

被動beingdonehavingbeendone

過去分詞被動done

二、非謂語動詞的用法

主語動詞不定式Itisnecessaryforyoungpeopletolearnaforeignlanguage.動詞-ing形式Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome.(動詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù))過去分詞過去分詞不作主語賓語動詞不定式Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.(常見的只能使用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有agree、choose、decide、hope、fail、wish、refuse、expect、manage、plan、intend、pretend、promise、offer、afford、demand、arrange等)賓語動詞-ing形式Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.(常用于動詞enjoy,allow,permit,suggest,finish等以及介詞后作賓語)過去分詞過去分詞不作賓語表語動詞不定式Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.動詞-ing形式Thestorysoundsinteresting.Therainforestsaredisappearingatanalarmingspeed.(動詞-ing形式作表語表示事物的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài))過去分詞Helookedexcited.Thedoorremainedlocked.Theholidayisalmostover,buthishomeworkremainsunfinished.(過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受)定語動詞不定式Haveyougotanythingtoeat?Hehasnothingtodothisafternoon.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(動詞不定式作定語,應(yīng)位于所修飾詞之后)動詞-ing形式ThefactorymakingtheseTVsisabigone.Thegirlstandingthereishissister.(動詞-ing形式作定語表示動詞和所修飾的詞之間是主動關(guān)系)定語過去分詞TheTVsmadeinthiscompanyareverygood.Nothingreportedinterestedhim.(過去分詞作定語表示動詞和所修飾的詞之間是被動關(guān)系)狀語動詞不定式Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.(目的)Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(原因)Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.(結(jié)果)(動詞不定式作狀語,可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。作目的狀語,還可以使用inorderto或soasto。結(jié)果狀語還可以使用enoughto、too...to...等結(jié)構(gòu))狀語動詞-ing形式Notknowinghisnumber,Ican’tringhimup.(原因)Astormhappened,causinggreatdamage.(結(jié)果)Leavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.(時(shí)間)Hesatthere,readingabook.(伴隨或方式)Stayingintheseashoreforatime,youwillfeelfresh.(條件)(動詞-ing形式作狀語表示動詞和句子主語之間是主動關(guān)系)過去分詞Encouragedbyhisfriends,hedecidedtostudyharder.(原因)Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.(時(shí)間)Giventhechance,Iwouldworkinthecountryside.(條件)Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans.(伴隨或方式)(過去分詞作狀語表示動詞和句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系)動詞不定式Thedoctoradvisedhernottoeattoomuchsugar.Herparentsdon’tallowhertostayoutlate.(可后接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有advise、allow、encourage、ask、hear、order、see、tell、want、wish、watch等)動詞-ing形式Ifoundhimreadingabookinthelibrary.(動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動詞和賓語之間是主動關(guān)系)過去分詞Thethieffoundhimselfsurroundedbythepolice.(過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動詞和賓語之間是被動關(guān)系)隨堂練習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Itisverylate;

(因此)youmustgotobed.

答案

hence2.This