財(cái)務(wù)管理專業(yè)英語unit 課件

Unitone(A)：IntroductiontoFinancialManagement

Teachingobjectives:Afterlearningthissection,thestudentsarerequiredto:graspsomeofbasictheoriesrelatedtofinancialmanagement;graspsomeimportantwordsandexpressions;haveabetterunderstandingofthefinancialmanagementandfinancialmanager;understandbrieflythefinancialmanagementdecision.WisdomMoneybegets(orbreedsorgets)money.——AnonymousBoundlessriskmustpayforboundlessgain.——WilliamMomisMinicase

DellComputermanufactures,sells,andservicespersonalcomputers.Thecompanymarketsdirectlytoitscustomersandbuildscomputersafterreceivingacustomerorder.Thisbuild-to-ordermodelenablesDelltohavemuchsmallerinvestmentinworkingcapitalthanitscompetitors.Dellhasgrownquicklyandhasbeenabletofinancethatgrowthinternallybyitsefficientuseofworkingcapitalanditsprofitabillity.Readtheminicaseandthink:1.What’stheDell’sSalesphilosophy?2.Findthespecializedvocabularyoffinancialmanagement?Dell銷售理念

按照客戶要求制造計(jì)算機(jī)，并向客戶直接發(fā)貨，使戴爾公司能夠最有效和明確地了解客戶需求，繼而迅速做出回應(yīng)。這個直接的商業(yè)模式消除了中間商，這樣就減少了不必要的成本和時間，讓戴爾公司更好地理解客戶的需要。wordsstudy1.financialmanagement財(cái)務(wù)管理2.decision-making決策，決策的investmentdecisions;financingdecisions;3.acquisition收購（purchase)acquire取得

acquisitionandlossofownership

所有權(quán)的取得和喪失4.publiclytradedcorporations上市公司listedcorporationstockispublicly

tradedbutmostisheldbyafewshareholderswhohavenoplanstosell

股票公開買賣，但是大部分股票被少數(shù)不計(jì)劃賣出的股東控制。5.vicepresidentoffinance財(cái)務(wù)副總裁chieffinancialofficer(CFO)首席財(cái)務(wù)官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席執(zhí)行官6.pivotal關(guān)鍵的

Anydeviationfromthiseconomypivotaltaskendangersourmaterialbase.

離開了經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個中心，就有喪失物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的危險。7.allocate(資源、權(quán)利）配置capitalallocation資本配置allocateshares分配股份8.Volatility不穩(wěn)定性Interestratesandfinancialmarketvolatilitywouldremainhighduetothemarketuncertainty.

市場前景不明朗，亦會令利率持續(xù)高起，金融市場波動。9.balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表income(profit)statement利潤表cashflowstatement現(xiàn)金流量表10.capitalbudgeting資本預(yù)算capitalstructure資本結(jié)構(gòu)workingcapitalmanagement營運(yùn)資本管理

Capital

BudgetingandLong-termFinancing

management資本預(yù)算及遠(yuǎn)期財(cái)務(wù)管理

11.stockholder（shareholder)股東

NoneoftheshareholderattendtheAGM.

沒有一個股東出席年度股東大會。

12.tradeoff權(quán)衡，折中risk-returntradeoff風(fēng)險-收益權(quán)衡13.inventory存貨makeaninventoryof盤點(diǎn);編制...清單14.patent專利trademark商標(biāo)

internationalprotectionofpatent

專利權(quán)的國際保護(hù)

Whattrademarkisit?

什么品牌的?

15.creditor債權(quán)人

Hecometoanarrangementwithhiscreditor.

他與債權(quán)人達(dá)成解決糾紛協(xié)議。

16.mixofdebtandequity負(fù)債與股票的組合cashdividend現(xiàn)金股利dividendpolicy股利政策dividend-payoutratio股利支付比率riskaversion風(fēng)險規(guī)避stockrepurchase（stockbuyback)股票回購stockoffering股票發(fā)行financingmix融資組合

commonstock普通股preferredstock優(yōu)先股currentasset流動資產(chǎn)currentliability流動負(fù)債stockholders’equity股東權(quán)益marketablesecurity流動性證券tangiblefixedassets有形固定資產(chǎn)intangiblefixedassets無形固定資產(chǎn)1.1FinancialManagementandFinancialManager1.2FinancialManagementDecision1.3Risk–ReturnTradeoffTextstudyFinancialManagementandFinancialManagerFinancialmanagementisanintegrateddecision-makingprocessconcernedwithacquiring,financing,andmanagingassetstoaccomplishsomeoverallgoalwithinabusinessentity.managerialfinancecorporatefinancebusinessfinanceCEO-

chiefexecutiveofficer

CFO-chieffinancialofficer

vicepresidentoffinanceWhoarethepeopleofthefinancialmanagers?

Thepersonassociatedwiththefinancialmanagementfunctionisusuallyatopofficerofthefirmsuchasavicepresidentorthechieffinancialofficer(CFO)Whatarethedutiesandresponsibilitiesofthefinancialmanager?

Thetwomainfunctionsofthefinancialmanagerconcernacquiringandallocatingfundsamongafirm’sactivities.Theyalsoactsasaliaisonbetweenothersinthefinancedepartmentandmanagementpersonnelfromotherdepartments.FinancialManagementDecisionLong-terminvestmentdecisions(

Whatlong-terminvestmentsshouldthefirmundertake?)Long-termfinancingdecisions(Howshouldthefirmraisemoneytofundtheseinvestments?)WorkingCapitalManagementDecisions(Howshouldthefirmmanageitsshort-termassetsandliabilities?)Long-terminvestmentdecisionsInwhatlinesofbusinessshouldthefirmengage?Shouldthefirmacquireothercompanies?Whatsortsofproperty,plant,andequipmentshouldthefirmhold?Shouldthefirmmodernizeorsellanoldproductionfacility?Shouldthefirmintroduceamoreefficientdistributionsystemthanthecurrentone?1.Thenotionofthecapitalbudgeting?

Processofplanningandmanagingafirm’slong-terminvestmentsiscalledbudgeting.2.Theinvestmentprinciple?

Thefirmshouldinvestinassetsandprojectsyieldingareturngreaterthantheminimumacceptablehurdlerate.Long-termfinancingdecisions

Doesthetypeoffinancingusedmakeadifference?Istheexistingcapitalstructuretherightone?Howandwhereshouldthefirmraisemoney?Shouldthefirmusefundsraisedthroughitsrevenues?Shouldthefirmraisemoneyfromoutsidethebusiness?Ifthefirmseeksexternalfinancing,shoulditbringinotherownersorborrowthemoney?Howtoraisefundexternally?

Thefinancialmanagerarisefundsexternallybyincurringdebts,suchasthroughbankloansorthesaleofbonds,orbysellingownershipintereststhroughastockoffering.WorkingCapitalManagementDecisionsHowmuchofafirm’stotalassetsshouldthefirmholdineachtypeofcurrentassetsuchascash,marketablesecurities,andinventory?Howmuchcreditshouldthefirmgranttocustomers?Howshouldthefirmobtainneededshort-termfinancing?Risk–ReturnTradeoffriskaversion——investorsshouldexpectahigherreturnfortakingonhigherlevelsofriskUnitone(B)：IntroductiontoAccountingEnglish

Questions1.Whydowelearnit?（1）MNC(multinationalcorporation)跨國公司（2）internationaloperations國際業(yè)務(wù)（3）internationalinvestment國際投資2.WhataretheLearningobjectives?GraspthecorewordsaboutaccountingEnglish.Graspthebaseknowledgeaboutwesternaccounting.HavetheabilityofmakingaccountingdocumentandaccountingreportsinEnglish。3.Howtolearnitsuccessfully?Interesting,words,reading,writingSomeknowledgeaboutaccounting

1.

Whatisaccounting?

Ingeneralsense,accountingcanbedefinedasa“businessinformationsystem”whichcommunicatetheeconomicactivitiesandconditionofabusiness(inmonetaryterms)tothebusinessstakeholders,sothat,theycanmakerightdecisions.

2.Whoaretheusersofaccountinginformation?-businessstakeholdersExternalbusinessstakeholders（financialaccountinginformation）:

üCreditors債權(quán)人(e.g.bankers),owners所有者,shareholders股東

üCustomers客戶,suppliers供應(yīng)商,

ügovernments(e.g.legislation法律,tax稅),Internalbusinessstakeholders(managerialaccountinginformation):

üDirectors,CEO（首席執(zhí)行官）,managers,supervisors（主管）,

üemployees

3.Accountingasaprofession（會計(jì)職業(yè)）

Apersonwhospecializesintheaccountingfieldisknownasanaccountant.

Forexample：

Financialaccountant(財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì))/Costaccountant(成本會計(jì))

Managerialaccountant（管理會計(jì)）/CFO(chieffinancialofficer)（首席財(cái)務(wù)官）

Internalauditor（內(nèi)部審計(jì)）/taxaccountant(稅務(wù)會計(jì))

CPA（注冊會計(jì)師）/Externalauditor(外部審計(jì))4.Accountingknowledgesystem（會計(jì)學(xué)科體系）

Accounting會計(jì)學(xué)Accountant

FinancialAccounting財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)Financialaccountant

CostAccounting成本會計(jì)Costaccountant

ManagerialAccounting管理會計(jì)Managerialaccountant

TaxAccounting稅務(wù)會計(jì)Taxaccountant

Auditing審計(jì)學(xué)Internalauditor/Externalauditor

Others:AccountingTheory會計(jì)理論InternationalAccounting國際會計(jì)

5.Professionalaccountingbodies（專業(yè)會計(jì)團(tuán)體）

(1)Examplesofforeignprofessionalaccountingbodies:

ACCA英國特許公認(rèn)會計(jì)師協(xié)會

AICPAAmerica美國注冊會計(jì)師協(xié)會

CGACanada加拿大注冊會計(jì)師公會

CPAAustralia澳大利亞注冊會計(jì)師公會

CPAChina中國注冊會計(jì)師協(xié)會

(2)The“BigFour”internationalaccountingcompanies（全球規(guī)模最大的四個會計(jì)師事務(wù)所）

KPMG（畢馬威）Ernst&Young（E&Y）(安永)

PricewaterhouseCooper（PWC）(普華--永道）DeloitteToucheTohmatsu(D&T)（德勤）ArthurAndersen(AA)(安達(dá)信)美國（2002年因“安然破產(chǎn)事件”已停止?fàn)I業(yè)）2008年綜合評價前20家事務(wù)所為：普華永道中天、安永華明、德勤華永、畢馬威華振、中瑞岳華、立信、信永中和、大信、萬隆、利安達(dá)信隆、天華、中審、浙江天健、天職國際、中和正信、天健華證中洲、北京京都、安永大華、北京興華、中磊會計(jì)師事務(wù)所。會計(jì)師事務(wù)所的職責(zé)1.審計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)Auditing2.驗(yàn)資業(yè)務(wù)Verification3.稅務(wù)代理業(yè)務(wù)Taxagent4.管理咨詢業(yè)務(wù)Consulting5.財(cái)稅業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)Taxprofessionaltraining6.資產(chǎn)評估AssetEvaluation6.Accountingpoliciesandaccountingstandard

（會計(jì)的法規(guī)體系和基本會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則）

Ourcountry’sfinancialaccountingregulationssystemisconstitutedby‘AccountingLaw’,‘Corporateaccountingstandards’,‘corporateaccountingregulations’(我國企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)法規(guī)體系由會計(jì)法、企業(yè)會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、會計(jì)制度構(gòu)成）

Otherimportantaccountingregulationsintheworldinclude:

IAS國際會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

FRS英國財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告準(zhǔn)則

AASB澳大利亞會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

FAS美國財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

SEC證券交易委員會的財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)文件公告

GAAP企業(yè)會計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)公認(rèn)會計(jì)原則

7.FourBasicaccountingassumptions(會計(jì)核算的基本假設(shè))（1）EconomicEntityAssumption（“會計(jì)主體”假設(shè)）EconomicEntityAssumptionassumesthatthebusinessisaseparateentityfromitsowners.

（2）GoingConcernAssumption（“持續(xù)經(jīng)營”假設(shè)）

GoingConcernAssumptionassumesthatthebusinesswillbeinoperationforaninfinitetime.

（3）MonetaryUnitAssumption（“貨幣計(jì)量”假設(shè)）

MonetaryUnitAssumptionAssumesastablecurrencyisgoingtobetheunitofrecord.Inourcountry,themonetaryunitisChinese￥

（4）PeriodicityAssumption（“會計(jì)期間”假設(shè)）

PeriodicityAssumptionassumesthatthebusinessoperationscanberecordedandseparatedintodifferentperiods.

Our<Accountinglaw>providesthatourcountry’saccountingperiodisoneyear,whichisfromeveryyear’s1st/01to31st/12Itisalsocalledafinancialyear(財(cái)政年度)。Forsomecountries,thefinancialyearstartsfrom1st/07andendto30/06.

8.Importantbasicaccountingprinciples(會計(jì)核算的基本原則)

(1)Principleofobjectivity（“真實(shí)性”或“客觀性”原則）

(2)HistoricalCostprinciple(“歷史成本”原則)

(3)Revenuerecognitionprinciple（收入確認(rèn)原則）

(4)Matchingprinciple（“配比制”原則）

(5)Principleofconservatism（“謹(jǐn)慎性”原則）.

(6)Principleoffulldisclosure（“重要性”原則）

(7)Principleofmateriality（實(shí)質(zhì)重于形式原則）.

(8)Principleofconsistency（一致性原則）

(9