中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧課件-

閱讀理解解題技巧主講人：樊瑞芳駐馬店第四中學(xué)閱讀理解解題技巧主講人：樊瑞芳駐馬店第四中學(xué)1閱讀理解

是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。

閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。閱讀理解2新課標(biāo)解讀

據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義

能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系能預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息不借助詞典能讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語言材料。能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息新課標(biāo)解讀據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義能理解段落3命題依據(jù)

能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略快速獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息。能把握所讀材料的中心思想和主要事實(shí)。能把握所讀材料的主要邏輯線索，事件和空間的順序。能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解詞義。能根據(jù)上下文理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和意圖。能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和結(jié)局。命題依據(jù)能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略快速獲取細(xì)4能力要求

預(yù)測(cè)能力快速閱讀能力整體理解能力快速準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息能力把握全文主旨能力能力要求預(yù)測(cè)能力5能力要求把握段落主旨能力對(duì)西方文化的理解能力句子結(jié)構(gòu)和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力掌握一定的閱讀詞匯量詞語意義的理解能力能力要求把握段落主旨能力6解題步驟

一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌

三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞

四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案

解題步驟一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)7主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測(cè)型命題類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推理判斷型主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型詞8StepTwo:HowtoDealingwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension一、主旨大意題（做題要領(lǐng)）1.干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2.干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3.干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。StepTwo:HowtoDealingwith91)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)What’sthemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)Themainideaofthepassageis…6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:1)Whatdoesthewritermainly10技巧解析：主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。因此，在做題時(shí)，要注意每段的主題句。抓住主題句，就不難確定文章的中心思想。尋找主題句的方法：1.認(rèn)真閱讀文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。2.文章的主題作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述。抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。技巧解析：主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解11Example:

TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.……AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.……80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_______.A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParisB.internationalflightsfromLondontoParisC.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover主題句出現(xiàn)在段首：

在議論文和說明文中，一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證或說明細(xì)節(jié)。Example:Therearemany12Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.1.I主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段尾：

作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，或者提出問題，然后層層推進(jìn)，提出解決方法，然后后文再進(jìn)一步詳述。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，是全文的主題句，下文按照主題句進(jìn)行展開Every30secondstherei13

We’vetalkedaboutsnails(蝸牛)andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells(殼)—sleeping.Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers(觸角),areveryweak.Butitssense(感覺)ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.Asnail’smouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin(大頭針).Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,andyoucan’tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.文章的主題也可能以高頻詞的形式出現(xiàn)。本文并沒有出現(xiàn)明確的主題句，但細(xì)看之下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章中“snail”這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率高達(dá)13次，是整篇文章中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞匯。snail既是文章說明的對(duì)象，又是文章的主題。We’vetalkedaboutsna14閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---主旨大意題閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---主旨大意題15Passage1

“Mary,yourbedroomisamess(臟亂).Comeandcleanituprightnow.”hermumsaid.Marywantedtogooutsideandplay.“I’llcleanituplater,Mum.”“Ohno,youwon’t.I’vebeenaskingyoufordays,”hermumsaid.Marywentintoherbedroom.Sheputawayallofherclothesandputalltherubbishintoaplasticbag.Mum,I’mgoingoutsidetoPlaynow.”Sheranintothebackgarden.thiswasherfavoriteplacetobe.AsmallbutterflyflewoverandlandedonMary’shand.”You’reaprettylittlebutterfly,”Maysaid,”Doesyourmummakeyoukeepyourbedroomclean?”“WhatifIleftmyrubbishalldidn’tkeepthegardencleanandtidy?WouldyouhaveanicePlacetositamongtheflowers?”saidthebutterfly.“I’dnotbehappyifIcameouttoseerubbishhereandthere,”Marysaid.“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.Maryhurriedintothehouseandsaidtohermother,”I’llkeepmyroomcleanfromnowon,Mum.I’vegottodomypart.”Andshedidjustthat.練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Passage1練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋16Question:

Whatisthemainideaofthestory?（主旨大意題）A.Abutterflyiskids’bestfriendB.EveryoneshouldkeeptheirroomscleanC.EverybodyhastodotheirpartD.Abutterflyisabetterteacherthanamother

文章解釋Question:Whatisthemainid17【解析】答案為C；由文中的“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.得出答案。

尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章【解析】答案為C；由文中的文章18B……Schoollifeshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiestdaysofourlives.Weshouldn’twastethiswonderfultime.Don’tsaythingsaredifficultandboring.Don’tbetoodisappointedifthingssometimesgobadly.Don’tletsmallproblemsseemverybig.Beconfident,goandplaysports,workonaproject,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Therearealwaysalotofthingstodotorelaxyourselfandmakeyouhappy.60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Howtogethighscores.B.Howtoberelaxedandhappy.C.Howtomakefriendswithforeigners.B19

1.Innature,youmayseemanyinsects(昆蟲）andanimalsofdifferentcolors.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?2.Locustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds,butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem.3.Brownbears,tigersandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.4.However,insectswithcolorsdifferentfromplantscaneasilybefoundandeatenbyothers.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.【2019廣東】65.Whatisthemainidesofthispassage?A.Someinsectsandanimalshavedifferentskills.B.Someinsectsandanimalsarecleverthanwethink.C.Someinsectsandanimalsusecolorstoprotectthemselves.D.Someinsectsandanimalscangetusedtotheenvironmenteasily.1.Innature,youmayseem20HaveyoueverbeardofIceland?Icelandisacountry,one-tenthofwhichiscoveredwithice.However,itissaidthatIcelandisthelandofheat.Smokingvolcanoes(火山),whitesteam(蒸汽)andhotspringsaremoreamazingthantheothersightsincludingicethere.Ithastakenmillionsofyearsforvolcanoesandlavaflows(熔巖流)tobuildIceland.…..Likesteamvents,hotspringscanbeseenhereandthereintheancientlavafields……IcelandisoneofthefewplacesontheEarthwhereactivevolcanoesliebelowice.Heatfromthevolcanoescreatesastrangeandwildbeauty.Therefore,somepeoplebelievethatit’sbettertocallthecountry“Heatland”insteadofIceland.Ifyouhaveachancetotravelthere,takeit.【2019哈爾濱】()50.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe

.A.THEHISTORYOFICELANDB.THEHOTSPRINGOFBLUELAKEC.THEHEATINICELANDHaveyoueverbeardofIce21

Readingisagoodhobbyforallkindsofreasons.First,readingisfun.Youcanalwayskeepyourselfhappyiflikereading.Youwillneverfeelboredortired.Next,youcanreadabookanywhere---inacar,onaplane,oreveninthebathroom.Allyouneedisabook!Anothergoodreasonforreadingisthatitisuseful.….Somepeoplesaythatreadingisoutofdate(過時(shí)的).…..Goodreadersmaybecomewriters,too.Theyalwayshavemorethingstowriteabout.…..Readingisawonderfulhobby.Whynotstartreadingrightnow?【2019北京】85.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Readingisagoodhobby.B.Youcanreadoncomputers.C.Goodreadersmustbegoodwriters.Readingisagoodhobbyfor221.Inthe1920sand30stheairlineswerejustbeginning.Itwasunusualforpeopletotravelbyairbecauseitwasexpensiveanddangerous.Inthosedays,therewerenoflightattendantstolookafterthepassengers.Youngmen,or“stewards”helpedthepassengersontotheairplaneandcarriedthepassengers’luggage(行李)buttheydidnotprovidefoodanddrinks.Butthenin1930,awomancalledEllenChurchinventedthe“stewardess”.2.EllenChurchwasbornin1904onafarminIowa.….3.Ellenwastwenty-fiveyearsoldwhenshefirstgotintouchwithBoeingAirTransport.Sheloved……4.TheyoungwomanfromIowaandsevenothernursesbecamethefirstairstewardesses.5.Atfirstpilotswereunhappybecausetheydidnotwantstewardessesonairplanes,butpassengerslovedthestewardesses.…..Inthe1970s,stewardesseswereunhappyintheirjobandairlineshadtomakesomechanges.Sincethe1970s,“stewardesses”havebeencalledflightattendants.Theyarewellpaidandworkfewerhoursthaninthepast.【2019杭州】

1.Inthe1920sand30stheair2355.()Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.A.thebackgroundofearlyflyingpilotsB.theexperienceofflyingpassengersC.thehistoryofearlyflightattendantsD.thedevelopmentofairplanes 55.()Thepassagemainlyta24

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)25細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷常考題型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字

4、比較5、原因6、事實(shí)排序題

7、直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷?？碱}型：261）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3)Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT…4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：1）Whichofthefollowingstate27閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型28練習(xí)題第三節(jié)Passage1

“Mary,yourbedroomisamess(臟亂).Comeandcleanituprightnow.”hermumsaid.Marywantedtogooutsideandplay.“I’llcleanituplater,Mum.”“Ohno,youwon’t.I’vebeenaskingyoufordays,”hermumsaid.Marywentintoherbedroom.Sheputawayallofherclothesandputalltherubbishintoaplasticbag.Mum,I’mgoingoutsidetoPlaynow.”Sheranintothebackgarden.thiswasherfavoriteplacetobe.AsmallbutterflyflewoverandlandedonMary’shand.”You’reaprettylittlebutterfly,”Maysaid,”Doesyourmummakeyoukeepyourbedroomclean?”“WhatifIleftmyrubbishalldidn’tkeepthegardencleanandtidy?WouldyouhaveanicePlacetositamongtheflowers?”saidthebutterfly.“I’dnotbehappyifIcameouttoseerubbishhereandthere,”Marysaid.“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.Maryhurriedintothehouseandsaidtohermother,”I’llkeepmyroomcleanfromnowon,Mum.I’vegottodomypart.”Andshedidjustthat.練習(xí)題第三節(jié)Passage129文章Whichisthecorrectorderforthefollowingtotakeplaceinthestory?（細(xì)節(jié)題）A、MaryplayedinthebackgardenB、MarypromisedtokeepherroomcleanC、MumaskedMarytocleanupherroomD、AbutterflyflewoverandtalkerwithMaryE、Marycleanedupherrooma,c,d,b,eB.c,a,d,b,eC.c,e,a,d,bD.a,d,b,c,e文章Whichisthecorrectorder30

同義法

常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。

反義法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法

對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。詞義猜測(cè)型

情景推斷法、代詞替代法等同義法常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or31猜測(cè)詞義題常見命題形式如下：1）、Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.2）、Whatdoestheword“…”mean______.3）、Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans_________4）、Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“…”is___inEnglish.5）、Theword“…”refersto________猜測(cè)詞義題常見命題形式如下：32閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---詞義猜測(cè)型閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining---詞義猜測(cè)型331.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義

英語中有大量的單詞是通過合成或加前綴、后綴形成的，因此運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法來判斷生詞的意義是一種提高閱讀速度的常用技巧，同時(shí)也是學(xué)生比較熟悉、擅長(zhǎng)的一種解題技巧。

實(shí)踐證明這是一種快速有效解決詞匯障礙的方法。1.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義34[實(shí)例1](2019年浙江省寧波市中考試題)Aftertheearthquake:

1.Check,takecareofinjuriesandhelpmakesurepeoplearoundyouareallright......Watchoutforaftershocks.......2.Protectyourselfbywearinglongpants,along-sleeved(長(zhǎng)袖的)shirtandstrongshoes..................3.Listentotheradioforthelatestinformation...............54.Theunderlinedword"aftershocks"inthepassagemeans"_________"inChinese.A．震感B．震源C．余震D．防震[實(shí)例1](2019年浙江省寧波市中考試題)352.利用同義詞或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者為了使他的意思表達(dá)得更清楚明白，通常用一個(gè)、兩個(gè)或更多的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或英文解釋來說明文中一個(gè)比較難的詞或關(guān)鍵詞。通過我們熟悉的單詞或解釋，用已知的知識(shí)就不難推斷出生詞的詞義來。Therelay,plannedtokickoffat15:40Saturday,willsetoutfromDaYuLing.55.Theunderlinedphrase"kickoff"probablymeans"_________".A.beginB.stopC.checkD.leave[解析]A。后面的setout是出發(fā)的意思，所以kickoff應(yīng)該是begin的意思2.利用同義詞或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義36Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiterated

C.uneducatedD.sick

Passage3:

MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,thecityandcountryside,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).

解釋第四節(jié)Q:Whichofthefollowingis37解釋

這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的educated和沒有受過教育的illiterate；住在城市的

city和住在農(nóng)村的countryside；年輕的young和年長(zhǎng)的old正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選C

項(xiàng)。本題答案選C解釋這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中383.利用上下文猜測(cè)詞義有些生詞的意思必須通過對(duì)上下文所提供的信息或線索綜合予以考慮方能確定。這種線索可以是一些詞語也可以是一些出現(xiàn)在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜測(cè)中文意思。Insomecitiestherubbishiscollectedandtakenoutsideofcitytoadump.Oftenthecitydumpisplacedwherethegroundisloworthereisabighole.Thekitchenrubbishisbrokenintosmallpiecesandsentintothesewagesystem.Thesewagesystemtakesawaytheusedwaterfromtoilets,bathtubsandotherplaces.53.Theunderlinedword"sewage"inthepassagemeans_________.A．排污B．染色C．洗滌D．吸塵3.利用上下文猜測(cè)詞義394.利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義作者有時(shí)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為一些生詞直接提供定義或解釋，這些符號(hào)無疑為學(xué)生理解或猜測(cè)生詞詞義提供了很好的線索，如破折號(hào)、引號(hào)等。Bobworksinacarfactorynearhishome.Heworksveryhard.Heneedstowork8hourseveryday.Hewillbeonthenight

shift—frommidnightto8a.m.—nextweek.A．開夜車B．夜班C．熬夜D．晚上休息[解析]B。文中兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間部分解釋了“nightshift”是“夜班”的意思。4.利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義40

Ineversawheranger,neversawhercry.Iknewshelovedme,sheshoweditinaction.Butasayounggirl,Iwantedhearted-to-heartedtalksbetweenmotheranddaughter.Theyneverhappened.Andagulfopenedbetweenus.Iwas“tooemotional(易動(dòng)感情的)”.Butshelived“onthesurface”.

41()3.Theunderlinedword“gulf”inthepassagemeans__.A.deepunderstandingbetweentheoldandtheyoungB.differentideasbetweenthemotherandthedaughterC.freetalksbetweenmotheranddaughterD.partoftheseagoingfarinland[解析]B?！癵ulf”原來的意思應(yīng)是“海灣”，但在此處有了另外的引申意義。文中兩個(gè)引號(hào)內(nèi)分別是“易動(dòng)感情的”和“冷靜的”的意思，為上文中的“gulf”提供了詞義線索，因此文中的“gulf”應(yīng)是“母女之間的鴻溝或分歧”。()3.Theunderlinedword“gul425.利用生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義歷年中考英語閱讀理解選擇的素材具有時(shí)代性、新穎性和生活性的特點(diǎn)，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇一些與學(xué)生生活息息相關(guān)的素材。因此我們的生活經(jīng)歷或與日常生活有關(guān)的常識(shí)往往可以幫助學(xué)生更準(zhǔn)確地猜測(cè)句中生詞的詞義。Iftrafficisheavy,thetaxiwillbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thereisthe“rushhour”.Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork.5.利用生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義43()Thephrase“rushhour”inthefourthparagraphmeans“______”inChinese.A.比賽中的沖刺時(shí)刻B.一小時(shí)內(nèi)所跑的路程C.（上下班）交通高峰時(shí)刻D.匆匆忙忙的一小時(shí)[解析]C。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，早上上班時(shí)和傍晚下班時(shí)交通擁擠的時(shí)段我們稱為交通高峰期，與C項(xiàng)正好對(duì)應(yīng)。中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧課件-446.利用邏輯關(guān)系明確指代明確指代關(guān)系其實(shí)是一類比較特殊的詞義猜測(cè)題。一般情況下，中考中用指代性的代詞，如it,they,he,she以及其賓格形式來指代前面所出現(xiàn)的名詞,或以this,that,those來指代文中提到的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或看法。Thewomanleftthestorelessworried,andGloriahasalwaysrememberedtheprideshefeltinhavinghelpedhercustomer.()Whatdoestheword“she”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Theboss.B.Thewoman.C.Gloria.D.Thedoctor.[解析]C。該句中雖然出現(xiàn)了Thewoman和Gloria兩個(gè)人物，但英語中代詞的使用原則是指代最近的那個(gè)名詞，所以這里指代的是Gloria。6.利用邏輯關(guān)系明確指代45Sandrawaswearingabrightly-coloredshirtwithherjeans.“Nooneelsewearsashirtlikemine,”shesaid.“I’mtheonlyone,andIlikethat.Icanunderstandthattheschoolneedsadresscode(準(zhǔn)則).It’saproblemifstudentscometoschoolwiththeirshirtsopen.Weallunderstandthat

,butnoonewantsauniform.Evenmymumthinksit’sstupid.”()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”meaninthesixthparagraph?A.Whynoonewantsauniform.B.Theschoolneedsadresscode.C.Wearingaschooluniformisstupid.D.Wearingone’sownclothesisn’tright.[解析]B。這里出現(xiàn)的指代詞“that”所指的是前面提及的一個(gè)事實(shí)，即學(xué)校需要一個(gè)穿衣準(zhǔn)則。Sandrawaswearingabrightly-46A.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.B.Likeheryoungersisterwhoisgregarious,Alicealsolikestomakefriends.

A.Theherdsman,wholooksaft47A.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定語從句中的looksaftersheep就解釋了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。B.Likeheryoungersisterwhoisgregarious,Alicealsolikestomakefriends.句首的like（像）這個(gè)語境線索說明：句中的gregarious與likestomakefriends意義相近。A.Theherdsman,wholooksaft48猜測(cè)詞義題

解題技巧：

1、通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義；2、通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；

3、通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義；4、通過定義或釋義說明來推測(cè)詞義；5、通過描述猜測(cè)詞義；6、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義；7、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。

猜測(cè)詞義題解題技巧：49

推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜50推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息51推理判斷題

解題技巧：

與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能