高三閱讀專題復習-閱讀理解主旨大意-課件

閱讀理解主旨大意題（ReadingComprehension——

to

getthemainidea）重慶市禮嘉中學高三英語專題復習高中英語組高考解讀:

《2014年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語考試說明（重慶）》中要求：在“讀”方面，考查考生閱讀理解不同文體語篇的能力?？忌鷳埽?/p>

①理解主旨和要義②獲取具體信息③根據(jù)語境猜測詞義④根據(jù)語境推理判斷

⑤理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度⑥把握文章的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)（2014重慶B篇）BTherehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtinganweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.HerearesomemoremythsI’llneverloseweight--IcomefromafatfamilyWrong!Whilewecan'tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamilies,andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitofeatingtoomuchandexercisetoolittle.IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly…43.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todeclaretheimportanceofkeepinglit.B.Toclarifysomemisconceptionsaboutfatnessandexercise.C.Toconfirmwhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.D.Toexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.（2013重慶C篇）CAlmosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow，however，thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5，100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn'tbecomepopularfor.while,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.…67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thebeginningofroaddeaign.B.Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.C.Thehistoryofpublictransport.D.Theinventionoffast-movingvehicles.201259.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?67.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?71.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?201363.Whatisthemainpurposeofthiswebpage?67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?75.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?2014

39.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?43.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?55.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?重慶市近年高考英語主旨大意題：Whythewrongoneagain?Whynottherightone?How

togettherightone?StepⅡ.Typesofquestionsaboutmainidea：一主旨大意題設(shè)問形式大致可以概括為三類：選擇段落或文章的主題思想、標題和寫作目的?！境Ｒ娍挤ā?．主題思想類常見的主題型題干：1)Thispassagechiefly

dealswith____________.2)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext/paragraph？

3)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？__________2．標題類常見的標題型題干：4)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____________.5)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

______________.6)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?______________.3．目的主旨大意題：7)Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______________.8)Thepassageismeantto______________.9)Thepurposeofthisarticleis______________.Doyouhaveanywaystogettheexactmainideainreading?Whynottherightone?Whythewrongoneagain?StepⅢ.Waystogetthemainidea：1.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞或部分標志性詞句來總結(jié)文章主題。一般而言，作者常常借用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞來引出文章或段落的主旨大意，如but，yet，however等。需要注意的是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面的內(nèi)容往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點，而這又常常是文章中心主旨的關(guān)鍵所在。還要格外注意部分標志性詞句，如：onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus,Iagreewiththeopinionthat….;Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat….;Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…FindoutthemainideaofparagraphsOnlearningplanpage1.Let’scheck2．“主題句定位法”也是一種行之有效的方法。

1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

①Pyramid(金字塔形)（△）即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，隨之為細節(jié)支撐。2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.②Invertedpyramid(倒金字塔形)（▽）即主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。先表述細節(jié)，后歸納要點、結(jié)論或結(jié)果。

3Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the"do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趨勢）intheU.Scontinuestogrow."Weneededfurniture（家具）forourlivingroom,"saysJohnRoss,"andwejustdidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Sowedecidedto…JimHatfieldhasthreeboysandhis…Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostofliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea"do-it-yourselfer",youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodon'thavetimetotakeacourse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.

③Circle(圓形)（○）即首尾呼應的寫作方法。突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時再次點出主題

4Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However…Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeware

B.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.CrimePays

D.BuyingaTVSet

④Diamond(菱形)（

）即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問題，而后又作進一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。

5

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail⑤Square(正方形)（□）即中心主題句隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句。這時要注意兩個方面：1.文章的主要內(nèi)容；2.選項之間的區(qū)別。也就是說能涵蓋文章的全部或主要內(nèi)容的選項才是正確答案。TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceAtboththebeginningandenddetailsParagraphideasPassageideaLet’spractisemoreStepⅣ.Readthefiveshortpassages.Makethebetterchoice,findoutthetopicsentencesanddecidewhichwayitbelongsto.（1）Mostpeoplewanttoknowhowthingsaremade.Theyhonestlyadmit,however,thattheyhardlyknowathingwhenitcomestounderstandinghowapieceofmusicismade.Whereacomposer(作曲家)begins,howhemanagestokeepgoing--infact,howandwherehelearnshistrade--allarecoveredincompletedarkness.Thecomposer,inshort,isamanofmystery(神秘).2.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Composer:amanofmysteryB.PracticemakesgoodmusicC.RelationbetweensleepingandmusicD.Music:productofnature（2）JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.Hetransferred(轉(zhuǎn)學到)totheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿＿HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.

B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.

D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.

（3）Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven‘teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti(意大利面),eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?

A.Somepeoplelikesteakandothersredmeat.

B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.

C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.

D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.

（4）Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalis…

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

3.Thepassageismainlyabout

_______.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanada

C.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada

(5)Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributed(分布)indifferentways…Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped.

Therearetwotypesoffat:externalfat(fatundertheskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebody