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專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)通超星課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫2023年【簡答題】Itloadstheoperatingsystemintomemoryandallowsittobeginoperation.
參考答案:
Embedded
operating
systems
are
a
type
of
operating
system
designed
to
run
on
embedded
systems,
which
are
computer
systems
with
a
dedicated
function
within
a
larger
mechanical
or
electrical
system.
These
systems
are
designed
to
perform
a
specific
function,
such
as
controlling
the
temperature
of
a
room,
or
managing
the
engine
of
a
car.
Embedded
operating
systems
are
typically
designed
to
be
lightweight
and
efficient,
with
a
small
footprint
and
minimal
resource
requirements.
They
are
often
built
into
the
firmware
of
a
device
and
are
not
meant
to
be
user-accessible
or
user-modifiable.
【簡答題】Aretheremanytypesofoperatingsystems?Whatisthemostcommonone?
參考答案:
Desktop
operating
systems
(e.g.
Windows,
macOS,
Linux)Mobile
operating
systems
(e.g.
Android,
iOS)Server
operating
systems
(e.g.
Windows
Server,
Linux
Server)Real-time
operating
systems
(e.g.
QNX,
VxWorks)Embedded
operating
systems
(e.g.
FreeRTOS,
uC/OS)
【簡答題】Howmayinstructionsbeperformed?Whataresequentialinstructions,conditionalinstructionsanditerativeinstructions?
參考答案:
equential
instructionsConditional
instructionsIterative
instructions
【簡答題】Whatareembeddedoperatingsystems?Whataretheydesignedtodo?
參考答案:
Embedded
operating
systems
are
specialized
operating
systems
designed
for
use
in
embedded
computer
systems,
which
are
typically
small
and
dedicated
to
specific
tasks.
They
are
often
used
in
devices
such
as
smartphones,
appliances,
and
industrial
machines.Embedded
operating
systems
are
designed
to
be
highly
efficient
and
reliable,
with
a
small
footprint
in
terms
of
both
storage
and
memory
usage.
They
are
typically
tailored
to
the
specific
hardware
of
the
device
they
are
running
on,
making
them
highly
optimized
and
able
to
perform
their
tasks
quickly
and
efficiently.
【簡答題】Whataresystemtools(programs)usedto?
參考答案:
System
tools
are
programs
used
to
manage
and
maintain
computer
systems.
They
can
perform
a
variety
of
tasks,
such
as
optimizing
system
performance,
diagnosing
and
fixing
errors,
managing
hardware
and
software
configurations,
monitoring
system
resources
and
network
connections,
and
securing
the
system
from
threats
such
as
viruses
and
malware.
Some
common
system
tools
include
task
managers,
disk
cleanup
and
defragmentation
utilities,
system
information
viewers,
antivirus
software,
and
backup
and
restore
tools.
These
tools
are
essential
for
keeping
a
computer
system
running
smoothly
and
ensuring
the
security
and
reliability
of
data
and
application
【簡答題】Whatarethethreelayersofsoftwarepeoplewhousemoderngeneralpurposecomputers(asopposedtoembeddedsystems,analogcomputers,supercomputers,etc.)usuallysee?
參考答案:
Application
software:
This
layer
includes
programs
that
are
designed
to
perform
specific
tasks
or
functions,
such
as
word
processors,
web
browsers,
and
video
games.
Application
software
is
what
most
users
interact
with
on
a
daily
basis.System
software:
This
layer
includes
programs
that
manage
and
control
the
computer's
hardware
and
provide
a
platform
for
running
application
software.
System
software
includes
operating
systems,
device
drivers,
utility
programs,
and
middleware.Firmware:
This
layer
includes
software
that
is
embedded
in
hardware
devices
and
provides
low-level
control
over
the
hardware.
Firmware
is
used
in
devices
such
as
printers,
routers,
and
network
cards.
While
users
may
not
interact
with
firmware
directly,
it
is
essential
for
the
proper
functioning
of
these
devices.
【簡答題】Whatarethethreemaintypesofproblemserrorsinoperatingsystemscause?
參考答案:
Crashes:
This
occurs
when
the
operating
system
unexpectedly
terminates
a
program,
resulting
in
the
loss
of
unsaved
work.Hangs:
This
occurs
when
the
system
stops
responding
to
user
input
and
appears
to
be
frozen,
requiring
a
restart.Security
vulnerabilities:
These
are
weaknesses
in
the
operating
system
that
can
be
exploited
by
hackers
to
gain
unauthorized
access
to
a
computer
or
network,
steal
sensitive
data,
or
cause
other
damage.
【簡答題】Whatarethetypicalexamplesofapplicationsoftware?
參考答案:
Word
processors
SpreadsheetsWeb
browsersMedia
playersGraphics
softwareDatabase
softwareGames
【簡答題】Whatcantime-sharingsystemsbeclassifiedas?Whatisthedifferencebetweenthem?
參考答案:
Batch
time-sharing
systems
allow
multiple
users
to
share
a
computer's
resources
by
submitting
jobs
(batch
jobs)
to
a
queue.
The
computer
processes
each
job
in
turn
without
user
interaction,
allowing
users
to
run
multiple
programs
simultaneously.
However,
this
type
of
system
does
not
allow
for
direct
user
interaction
with
the
computer
while
the
jobs
are
running.Interactive
time-sharing
systems,
on
the
other
hand,
allow
users
to
interact
directly
with
the
computer
in
real-time,
enabling
them
to
enter
commands
and
receive
immediate
feedback
from
the
system.
This
type
of
system
provides
a
more
responsive
and
interactive
experience
for
users,
but
may
require
more
computing
resources
to
support
the
real-time
interactions.
【簡答題】Whatdoesadriverdo?
參考答案:
A
driver
is
a
software
program
that
allows
an
operating
system
to
communicate
with
a
hardware
device.
It
acts
as
a
translator
between
the
two,
enabling
the
operating
system
to
send
commands
and
receive
data
from
the
hardware
device.
Without
the
appropriate
driver,
a
hardware
device
may
not
function
correctly
or
at
all.
Different
hardware
devices
require
different
types
of
drivers,
and
manufacturers
typically
provide
drivers
for
their
own
hardware
devices.
【簡答題】Whatdoesamachinelanguageconsistof?
參考答案:
A
machine
language
consists
of
binary
code,
which
is
a
series
of
0s
and
1s
that
represent
specific
instructions
and
data.
Machine
language
is
considered
the
lowest-level
programming
language
and
is
not
typically
used
by
programmers
to
write
software.
【簡答題】Whatdoesapplicationsoftwaredo?Whatdothetypicalapplicationsinclude?
參考答案:
Programming
software
is
a
type
of
computer
software
that
is
used
to
write,
debug,
and
test
computer
programs.
It
provides
programmers
with
tools
and
interfaces
that
allow
them
to
create
software
applications
and
systems.Programming
software
includes
several
different
types
of
tools,
such
as
text
editors,
integrated
development
environments
(IDEs),
compilers,
and
debuggers.
Each
of
these
tools
serves
a
different
purpose
in
the
software
development
process.
【簡答題】Whatdoescomputersoftwareconsistof?Whatdoesitenableacomputertodo?Whatdoestheterminclude?
參考答案:
Computer
software
consists
of
a
set
of
programs,
instructions,
and
data
that
are
used
to
operate
a
computer
and
execute
various
tasks.
It
is
a
collection
of
digital
information
that
tells
a
computer
how
to
perform
specific
functions.Software
enables
a
computer
to
perform
different
types
of
tasksThe
term
software
includes
system
software,
which
controls
the
computer's
hardware
and
provides
a
platform
for
running
application
software.
【簡答題】Whatdoesplatformsoftwareinclude?
參考答案:
Operating
systems
Device
drivers
Firmware
Middleware
Utility
programsVirtualization
software
【簡答題】Whatdoesprogrammingsoftwaredo?Whatdothetoolsinclude?
參考答案:
Text
editorsIntegrated
development
environments
Version
control
softwareDebuggersProfilers
【簡答題】Whatdoessystemsoftwaredo?Whatdoesitinclude?
參考答案:
System
software
includes
several
different
types
of
programs,
such
as
operating
systems,
device
drivers,
utility
programs,
and
middleware.
Each
of
these
programs
serves
a
different
purpose
in
managing
and
controlling
the
computer's
hardware
and
software.
【簡答題】Whatdoesusersoftwareinclude?
參考答案:
Productivity
softwareMedia
softwareCommunication
softwareWeb
browsersGames
【簡答題】Whatisasystemcrash?
參考答案:
A
system
crash
refers
to
a
situation
where
an
operating
system
or
application
stops
working
properly
and
becomes
unresponsive,
resulting
in
a
complete
shutdown
or
a
"freeze"
of
the
system.
A
system
crash
can
be
caused
by
a
variety
of
factors,
including
hardware
or
software
failures,
power
outages,
and
malware
infections.
In
some
cases,
a
system
crash
may
result
in
the
loss
of
unsaved
data
or
even
the
corruption
of
important
system
files,
leading
to
the
need
for
system
recovery
or
reinstallation.
【簡答題】Whatisanoperatingsystem?
參考答案:
An
operating
system
(OS)
is
software
that
manages
computer
hardware
and
provides
common
services
for
computer
programs.
It
acts
as
an
intermediary
between
computer
hardware
and
user
applications,
enabling
the
execution
of
software
programs
and
providing
a
user
interface
for
interacting
with
the
computer
system.
【簡答題】Whatmayhappeniftherearesecurityflaws?Whatshouldwedo?
參考答案:
To
address
security
flaws,
operating
system
developers
may
release
security
patches
or
updates
to
fix
vulnerabilities.
It
is
important
for
users
to
regularly
update
their
operating
systems
and
software
to
ensure
they
have
the
latest
security
fixes.
Additionally,
users
should
practice
good
security
hygiene
such
as
using
strong
passwords,
avoiding
suspicious
emails
or
links,
and
backing
up
important
data
regularly.
【簡答題】Whycantherebeerrorsinthecodeeventhoughtheremaybesometestingbeforetheproductisreleased?
參考答案:
Incomplete
testing:
Testing
can
never
cover
all
possible
scenarios,
so
there
is
always
a
chance
that
some
issues
may
not
be
detected
during
testing.Human
error:
Mistakes
can
be
made
by
developers
during
the
coding
process,
such
as
typos
or
logic
errors,
which
may
not
be
detected
during
testing.Environmental
differences:
The
software
may
behave
differently
in
different
environments,
such
as
different
operating
systems
or
hardware
configurations,
which
may
not
have
been
accounted
for
during
testing.Complexity:
Software
can
be
complex
and
have
many
interactions
between
components,
making
it
difficult
to
detect
all
possible
issues
during
testing.Time
constraints:
Sometimes,
there
may
not
be
enough
time
to
test
thoroughly,
leading
to
the
possibility
of
errors
being
missed.Changes
after
testing:
If
changes
are
made
to
the
code
after
testing,
there
is
a
chance
that
new
issues
could
be
introduced.
【翻譯題】Fontsareusedbycomputerforon-screendisplayandprintersforhardcopyoutput.
參考答案:
字體被計算機用于屏幕顯示,打印機用于硬拷貝輸出。
【翻譯題】Opticalfiberisthinfilamentsofglassthroughwhichlightbeamsaretransmitted.
參考答案:
光纖是光束通過其傳輸?shù)募?xì)玻璃絲。
【翻譯題】Anintranetisaprivatenetwork.Therearemanyintranetsscatteredallovertheworld.
參考答案:
內(nèi)網(wǎng)是私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)。有許多內(nèi)部網(wǎng)分布在世界各地。
【翻譯題】Onthecomputerscreen,afoldermostoftenlookslikeayelloworbluepaperfilefolder.
參考答案:
在電腦屏幕上,文件夾通常看起來像一個黃色或藍色的紙質(zhì)文件夾。
【翻譯題】Onthecomputer,therearetwobasictypesofitemsthatneedtobeorganized.
參考答案:
在計算機上,有兩種基本類型的項目需要進行組織。
【翻譯題】Onceyou'veencodedyoursourcecontent,theprocessofcreatingstreamingmediaiscomplete
參考答案:
一旦你對源內(nèi)容進行了編碼,創(chuàng)建流媒體的過程就完成了
【翻譯題】Syntactically,adomainnameconsistsofasequenceofnames(labels)separatedbyperiods(dots)
參考答案:
從語法上講,域名由一系列名稱(標(biāo)簽)組成,這些名稱(標(biāo)簽)由句號(點)隔開。
【翻譯題】Whenyoutypethingsonthekeyboard,thelettersandnumbersshowuponthemonitor.
參考答案:
當(dāng)你在鍵盤上打字時,字母和數(shù)字就會顯示在顯示器上。
Howmanymainsectionsdoesageneral-purposecomputerhave?Whatarethey?Andhowaretheyinterconnected?
參考答案:
The
computer
is
composed
of
five
logical
components,
such
as
operator,
controller,
memory,
input
device
and
output
device.
InaPC,whatdoesthespecializedprogramcalledBIOSdo?
參考答案:
input
output
Pleaselistthefunctionsofthecontrolsystem.
參考答案:
The
control
system
includes
display,
start,
stop,
protection,
alarm
and
other
functions.
WhatarethetwoclassesofoperationsALUiscapableofperforming?
參考答案:
Perform
arithmetic
and
logical
operations
Whatarethetwoprincipalvarieties
ofcomputermainmemory?
參考答案:
RAM
ROM
Whatcanacomputer'smemorybeviewedas?Whatdoeseachofthemhave?
參考答案:
and
or
not
Whatis1/O?
參考答案:
usually
refers
to
the
input
and
output
of
data
between
internal
memory
and
external
memory
or
other
peripheral
devices.
Whatisthecontrolunitoftencalled?
參考答案:
CPU
WhyisthesoftwarethatisstoredinROMoftencalledfirmware?
參考答案:
It
is
a
solid-state
semiconductor
memory
that
can
only
read
the
data
stored
in
advance.
翻譯題:Adatabasemanagementsystemhandlesuserrequestsfordatabaseaction.
參考答案:
數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)處理用戶對數(shù)據(jù)庫操作的請求。
翻譯題:AftertheSovietlaunchoftheSputniksatellitein1957,theUSmilitarysetuptheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencytofundresearchinthingssometimesonlyvaguelyrelatedtomilitarymatters.
參考答案:
1957年蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射斯普特尼克衛(wèi)星后,美國軍方成立了高級研究計劃局,資助那些有時與軍事關(guān)系模糊的研究。
翻譯題:Ananti-virusprogramthathasn'tbeenupdatedforseveralmonthswillnotprovidemuchprotectionagainstcurrentviruses.
參考答案:
一個幾個月都沒有更新的反病毒程序?qū)Ξ?dāng)前的病毒并不能提供太多的保護。
翻譯題:Cisoneofthemostpopularcomputerlanguagesintheworld.
參考答案:
C語言是世界上最流行的計算機語言之一
翻譯題:Cmightbestbedescribedasa"mediumlevellanguage".
參考答案:
C語言最好被描述為一種“中級語言”。
翻譯題:Everybrowserhasthebuilt-inabilitytounderstandHTML.
參考答案:
每個瀏覽器都有理解HTML的內(nèi)置功能
翻譯題:Floppydiskmaybedouble-densityorhigh-density.
參考答案:
軟盤可以是雙倍密度或高密度。
翻譯題:Formobileusers,firewallsallowremoteaccessintotheprivatenetworkbytheuseofsecurelogonproceduresandauthenticationcertificates.
參考答案:
對于移動用戶,防火墻允許通過使用安全登錄過程和身
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