醫(yī)學(xué)院校研究生英語讀與寫(第三版)詞匯題與完形整理

Thedoctorpatient-relationshipisthefoundationofmodernmedicalethics.Whatwillbethetouchstonetheprofessionmayneedwiththechargeofthedoctor-relationship?醫(yī)患關(guān)系是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)德的基礎(chǔ)。在醫(yī)生關(guān)系的管理上，這個(gè)行業(yè)可能需要什么樣的試金石？Firstofall,insteadofgoverningthedoctor-patientrelationshipbyaltrusimandfidelity,morepatientsanddoctorsmeeteachotherwhileundercontractthaneverbeforeandusuallyneitherhastrulyfreechoiceinthematter.首先，與以往任何時(shí)候相比，更多的病人和醫(yī)生在合同期內(nèi)見面，而不是通過高視闊步和忠誠來管理醫(yī)患關(guān)系，在這件事上，他們通常都沒有真正的自由選擇。Secondly,thecontinuityisrarefordoctorsoftakingcareofseveralgenerationsofthesamefamilyasphysicianscoupleanduncoupledingrouparrangementsandareselectedanddeselectedbymanagedcareplans.其次，連續(xù)性對(duì)于醫(yī)生來說是很少見的，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰c成對(duì)和不成對(duì)的醫(yī)生按照小組安排來照顧同一個(gè)家庭的幾代人，并由管理式醫(yī)療計(jì)劃選擇和取消選擇。Thirdly,theinformationlearnedfromoraboutthepatientseemstobewideopenandconfidentialityofmedicalrecordsseemslikefoodforearthworms.Medicalpracticeinnolongerpersonalandthemanagedcare'sethicalfoundationispopulation-based.第三，從病人身上學(xué)到的或關(guān)于病人的信息似乎是公開的，醫(yī)療記錄的保密性似乎是蚯蚓的食物。醫(yī)療實(shí)踐不再是個(gè)人和管理關(guān)懷的倫理基礎(chǔ)，而是以群體為基礎(chǔ)的。Inaword,theindividualdoctor-patientrelationshipislikelytoremainthemostimportantrelationshipinmedicine—atleasttodoctorsandthemoralrelationshipbasedonpayersandpatientsandintegrationoffairnesstoallwiththechoicesofanindividualwouldbeestablished.總之，個(gè)體醫(yī)患關(guān)系可能仍然是醫(yī)學(xué)中最重要的關(guān)系，至少對(duì)醫(yī)生而言是如此，基于支付者和患者的道德關(guān)系以及公平與個(gè)體選擇的統(tǒng)一將得以建立。allwiththechoicesofanindividual全部由個(gè)人選擇P79TheSwissarguethatthedebateonclientconfidentiality/toucheson/broadermoralissuesconcerningtherelationshipbetweencitizensandstate.瑞士辯稱，關(guān)于客戶保密的辯論涉及公民與國家之間關(guān)系的更廣泛的道德問題。AttendanceTrackingManagementsisanintegralpartofeffectivehumanresourcesmanagement.考勤管理是有效人力資源管理的重要組成部分。Thepresidentbelievedtheyhadviolatedmilitarycodebygettinginvolvedinpoliticalactivities.總統(tǒng)認(rèn)為他們參與政治活動(dòng)違反了軍事法規(guī)。??Thispaperdoesnotbeginwiththeorthodoxdogmathatthecausesofunemploymentliein/theobstaclestothemechanismthatsupposedlyensuretheclearingofthelabormarket.本文并不是從一個(gè)正統(tǒng)的教條開始的，即失業(yè)的原因在于所謂的確保勞動(dòng)力市場暢通的機(jī)制的障礙。Iknowthesethingsgoonintheworld,butIdonotwanttoknowthegorydetailsbecauseIbecomeextremelyangry.Thebookisveryrevealingaboutyoungpeople’sviewofthemselves.這本書揭示了年輕人對(duì)自己的看法。Wehavemadeallthearrangementsforourtrip,soIdon’twantyoutomuddythewaterbysayingyoucan’tcome.Theadvantagesofharmoniousrelationsfaroutweighthedisadvantagesofconfrontation.Aspartoftheagreement,thedefendantagreedtowaiveanyrightofappeal.作為協(xié)議的一部分，被告同意放棄上訴的任何權(quán)利??Shewasobsessedwiththeideathatshewasbeingwatched.她一心想著有人監(jiān)視她。P94Weshoulddriveacarataspeedcompatiblewithsafety,oratleastwewillreceiveaspeedingticket;evenwewillsufferfromsomeconsequenceswemayexpect.我們應(yīng)該以與安全相適應(yīng)的速度開車，或者至少我們會(huì)收到一張超速罰單；甚至我們也會(huì)遭受一些我們可能預(yù)料到的后果。Compossibleadj.可共存的Consistentadj.始終如一的，一致的；堅(jiān)持的Consonantadj.輔音的；一致的；和諧的n.輔音；輔音字母Unfortunately,alltheseprooftechniquesareinvalidand,hence,oneshouldnotusetheminassignments,workshops,exams,papers,etc.不幸的是，所有這些證明技巧都是無效的，因此，人們不應(yīng)該在作業(yè)、研討會(huì)、考試、論文等中使用它們。Null

adj.無效的（法律），無價(jià)值的；等于零的Morbidadj.病態(tài)的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病變部位的InthisprojectIwouldliketoprovethatautonomouslearningisextremelybeneficialforlanguagelearners.Itpreparesstudentsforeasierstepintoadulthood.在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，我想證明自主學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)語言學(xué)習(xí)者是非常有益的。它為學(xué)生更容易地步入成年做準(zhǔn)備。Self-existentadj.獨(dú)立存在的；自存的Substantiveadj.有實(shí)質(zhì)的；大量的；真實(shí)的；獨(dú)立存在的n.名詞性實(shí)詞；獨(dú)立存在的實(shí)體Whenasentenceasks,requests,orcommandssomeonetodosomething,usuallydroppingthesubject,simplytheverb,itissaidtobeintheimperativemood.當(dāng)一個(gè)句子要求、要求或命令某人做某事時(shí)，通常省略主語，簡單地說就是動(dòng)詞，這就被稱為祈使語氣。Themostimportantthingtorememberwhenusingcorrelativeconjunctionsisthatthewords,phrases,orclausesthatareputtogethermustbethesametype.Thatmeansthatnounsmustbeputtogetherwithothernouns,verbswithotherverbs,adjectiveswithotheradjectives,andsoon.在使用相關(guān)連詞時(shí)，最重要的是要記住組合在一起的單詞、短語或從句必須是同一類型的。這意味著名詞必須與其他名詞、動(dòng)詞與其他動(dòng)詞、形容詞與其他形容詞組合在一起，等等。**（從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句，形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。例如：(4)Hesaidthathedidnotwanttogo.(5)ManythingshavehappenedsinceIlastsawhim.(6)Youmaycomeifyouwantto.從屬連詞用來連接各種從句。until(till)直到，在用until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語的句子中，主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇的。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞，則要用否定句，如:Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.由since,for,by,before,來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語是動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間，如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990.而by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間，如：Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.）??ThepursuanceofprofessionalismintheleadershipcultureisanintriguingsubjecttobegiventoaddressyouonespeciallyforapersonlikemyselfwhohasspentmostofmylifeasMinister(headofchurch)inachurchandasasocialactivist.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)文化中對(duì)專業(yè)精神的追求是一個(gè)很有趣的話題，尤其是對(duì)于像我這樣的人來說，我一生中大部分時(shí)間都是在教堂做牧師（教會(huì)領(lǐng)袖）和社會(huì)活動(dòng)家。Aprecisecharacterizationisgivenfortheclassofsecuritypoliciesenforceablewithmechanismsthatworkbymonitoringsystemexecution,andautomataareintroducedforspecifyingexactlythatclassofsecuritypolicies.給出了一類安全策略的精確描述，該類安全策略可通過監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行來實(shí)施，并引入自動(dòng)機(jī)來精確地指定該類安全策略。Executableadj.可執(zhí)行的；可實(shí)行的Comply（with）complyvi.遵守；順從，遵從；答應(yīng)TheHouseofRepresentativeshasfailedtooverridePresidentBush’svetooflegislationapprovedbyCongressthatwouldhaveexpandedagovernment-subsidizedchildren’shealthinsuranceprogram.眾議院未能推翻布什總統(tǒng)否決國會(huì)通過的擴(kuò)大政府補(bǔ)貼兒童健康保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃的立法。Repealvt.廢除，廢止，撤銷（法律、議會(huì)法案）；放棄；否定n.廢除，撤銷revokevt.撤回，取消；廢除vi.有牌不跟n.有牌不跟However,adirecthitbyafull-forcetornadowilllikelyobliterateanykindofframestructure.Asmanywilltellyou,thesafestplacesareinbelow-groundreinforcedstructures.然而，龍卷風(fēng)的直接沖擊可能會(huì)摧毀任何一種框架結(jié)構(gòu)。很多人會(huì)告訴你，最安全的地方是地下加固結(jié)構(gòu)。Abrogatevt.廢除；取消(條約)Submergevt.淹沒；把…浸入；沉浸vi.淹沒；潛入水中；湮沒P199Thelittlegirldidn’thaveenoughmoneysoshecajoledherboyfriendintobuyingheranewdress.哄騙AccordingtoBritishlaw,justiceworksonthepremisethatanaccusedpersonisinnocentuntilprovenguilty.Itisadelicatejobwhichcannotbedonebyalayman,butinwhichavarietyofprofessionalskillswillbedeployed.這是一項(xiàng)外行做不到的棘手的工作/精細(xì)作業(yè)，但其中會(huì)運(yùn)用各種專業(yè)技能。Thecitywasevenequippedwithadrainagesystem,foragreatmanyclaypipeswerefoundbeneaththenarrowstreets.這座城市甚至配備了排水系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樵讵M窄的街道下面發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多粘土管道。Thelittlegirlshudderedatthesightofthedeadbody.Shealmostfaintedrightaway.小女孩一看到尸體就發(fā)抖。她馬上就差點(diǎn)暈過去。Theshophasbeenenjoyingpublicpraiseforalongtime,butit’sinevitablethat/therewillbe??theoccasiondisgruntledcustomer.這家商店長期以來一直受到好評(píng)，但不可避免地會(huì)有不滿的顧客。Anyonewithanannualincomeoflessthan$5,000maybeeligibletoapply,ormayberegardedasapotentialtaxdodger.任何年收入低于5000美元的人都有資格申請(qǐng)，或被視為潛在的逃稅者。InsouthKoreainAugust,Roblefinishedfirstinthe110metersbutwasdisqualifiedforimpedingLiu,whoendedupwinningasilvermedalafterbeingoncourseforgold.今年8月，在韓國，羅伯在110米比賽中獲得第一名，但因妨礙劉翔而被取消資格，但因妨礙劉翔而被取消參賽資格，劉翔在參加完金牌爭奪后最終獲得銀牌。Yesterday,staffatthehospitalwereofficiallyrebukedfortellingpatientstheyhadcanceroverthephone.昨天，醫(yī)院的工作人員因在電話中告訴病人他們得了癌癥而受到官方指責(zé)。Numericvaluesformattedtostringsusingstandardandcustomformatcodes.Thejobcouldonlybedonebycomputer,becauseitwouldbeatremendousamountofwork.使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和自定義格式代碼格式化為字符串的數(shù)值。這項(xiàng)工作只能由計(jì)算機(jī)來完成，因?yàn)檫@將是一項(xiàng)巨大的工作。P118Theinvestigationwasbroughtaboutbythedeterminationofasoleplaintiff.這項(xiàng)調(diào)查是由唯一的原告人的決定引起的。AccusedcriminalwitnessThemoretime,energyandmoneyyouspendacquiringpertinentknowledge,themorecontrolyouhaveoveryourlife.你花在獲取相關(guān)知識(shí)上的時(shí)間、精力和金錢越多，就更能掌控自己人生。Perspectiven.：態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn),思考方法,客觀判斷力,權(quán)衡輕重的能力,透視法China’stoplegislaturemightaddmentaldistressincriminalcasestotheconditionscoveredunderthecountry’sfirsttortlaw.中國最高立法機(jī)關(guān)可能會(huì)將刑事案件中的精神困擾納入中國第一部侵權(quán)法所涵蓋的條件。Toughadj.：艱苦的,艱難的,棘手的naughtadj.：無價(jià)值的adv.：決無Theauthoritieshadagreedtowaivenormalrequirementsforpermitstocrosstheborder.當(dāng)局同意放棄對(duì)越境許可證的正常要求。Wrenchn.扳手reckonv.：想,認(rèn)為，估計(jì)stimulateShethreatenedlegalactionagainstthenewspaperforbreachofcopyright.她威脅要以侵犯版權(quán)為由對(duì)該報(bào)采取法律行動(dòng)。Applicate應(yīng)用TherateanddurationofChina’seconomicgrowthhavenohistoricalprecedent.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的速度和持續(xù)時(shí)間沒有歷史先例。Descendentn.：后裔；派生物adj.：派生的；降落的；世襲的demonstrationn.：集會(huì)示威,游行示威,示范,示范表演,演示,證明,證實(shí),論證,說明illustration.：(書、雜志等中的)圖表，插圖,圖解,圖示,例釋,(說明事實(shí)的)故事，實(shí)例，示例Forsomeindustrialscientists,theattractionofacademiaoutweighanyfinancialconsiderationOutlivev.比…活得長（在…結(jié)束或消失后）繼續(xù)存在Outlinev.：概述,略述,顯示…的輪廓,勾勒…的外形n.：概述,梗概,輪廓線,略圖OutcomeAppropriationordamagingofstateorcollectivepropertybyanyorganizationorindividualbywhatevermeansisprohibited.禁止任何組織或者個(gè)人以任何方式侵占或者破壞國家財(cái)產(chǎn)或者集體財(cái)產(chǎn)。Appropriation挪用,撥款,占用,據(jù)為己有AppreciationApproachAnhonestpersoncanhavemanylegitimatepersonalorbusinessreasonsforprivatecommunications.一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人可以有許多正當(dāng)?shù)膫€(gè)人或商業(yè)理由進(jìn)行私人交流。HumblemodestconsiderateLet’slookatasamplecasestudytobetterunderstandwhythisisamalpractice失誤.Malnutritionmispractice無misnutrition無P131Thearrayswereplaceddirectlyonthebrainofavolunteerpatientwithepilepsywhoseskullhadalreadybeenopenedtomeasureaberrantelectricalsignalsthattriggerseizures.這些陣列直接放置在一名患有癲癇的志愿者的大腦上，該患者的顱骨已經(jīng)被打開，以測量引發(fā)癲癇發(fā)作的異常電信號(hào)。Flashingn.（防屋頂?shù)葷B水的）防水板，遮雨板v.（使）閃耀，閃光；（向……）用光發(fā)出（信號(hào)）；Totheend,hesaidheandMr.TrumpdiscussedwaystoimproveinfrastructurealongthatUS-Mexicobordertofacilitatetrade.Restrictinitiateban最后，他說他和特朗普討論了改善美墨邊境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的方法。Takinglong-termcoursesofcertainmedicationmayincreasevulnerabilitytoinfection.Subjectivityobjectivity主客觀性長期服用某些藥物可能會(huì)增加感染的可能性。Therecentspikeinfoodpricesaroundtheworldisbecauseofrisingenergycosts.最近全球食品價(jià)格飆升是因?yàn)槟茉闯杀旧仙pearsphereplight矛球困境Fingerprintsleftontheonlyknifeontheislandmansionwerethesmokinggunforthemurder.島上豪宅里唯一一把刀上留下的指紋是謀殺案的冒煙槍。Somker’sgunbiggunstartinggunAllthecharitableendeavorsinthisworldonlymanagetobringpovertyintogreaterrelief;theyshowitmoreterribleandunintelligiblethanutterdereliction.全世界的慈善行為所能做的僅僅是減輕貧窮而已，比起不聞不問，它們的行為其實(shí)讓貧窮變得更可怕、更模糊。Unabsorbent*unabsorbed：adj.不全神貫注的；未被吸收的unacknowledgedadj.：未得到應(yīng)有的感激(或贊賞)的,不被承認(rèn)存在(或真實(shí))的,unamiableadj.不友好的；不和藹的Thefactthatsomanypeoplehavepostedcommentsonthistopicshowshowpervasiveantcomplicateditis.有這么多人在這個(gè)話題上發(fā)表了評(píng)論，這說明螞蟻是多么的復(fù)雜。PassiveadversefavorableBlind,deafandmentallyretardedchildrenaresenttospecialeducationschools.盲、聾、弱智兒童被送到特殊教育學(xué)校。RadicalrisingrationalThefuneralarrangementswereoutofkeepingwiththefamily’swished.葬禮的安排不符合這個(gè)家庭的意愿。Incollusionwith勾結(jié),handinglovewith和……狼狽為奸,alongwithThestripofflexiblematerialwrapsaroundthebackoftheheadandcoversthesideoftheeyes,blockingupto60percentofawearer’speripheralvision.這條柔性材料包裹在頭部的后面，并覆蓋頭部的側(cè)面眼睛，遮擋了佩戴者60%的周邊視覺。Focal焦點(diǎn)的,焦點(diǎn),局灶性doubledistanceP139Theserisksassociationremainedstatisticallysignificantevenaftertheauthorslimitedtheanalysestochildrenwhowerebornneitherpre-termnorunderweightandwhohadnoobviousdistressatbirth(Apgarscoreabove6).即使在作者將分析局限于既沒有早產(chǎn)又沒有體重過輕且出生時(shí)沒有明顯抑郁癥狀的孩子（Apgar評(píng)分高于6）之后，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)仍然具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。Thissuggeststhattheobservationcannotbeentirelyexplainedbydetrimentaleffectsonthefetusduetomother’sautoimmunedisease.這表明，這一觀察不能完全用母親自身免疫疾病對(duì)胎兒的有害影響來解釋。Combinedwithotherresearchevidence,theauthorsspeculatedthatcertainautoimmunediseasesmayshareacommongeneticrootwithautism.結(jié)合其他研究證據(jù)，作者推測某些自身免疫性疾病可能與自閉癥有共同的遺傳根源。Otherautoimmunediseases,suchasmultiplesclerosis,psoriasis,andCrohn’sdisease,inparentsandsiblingswerenotsignificantlyassociatedwithautismspectrumdisordersinthestudychildren.父母和兄弟姐妹中的其他自身免疫性疾病，例如多發(fā)性硬化癥，牛皮癬和克羅恩氏病，與被研究兒童的自閉癥譜系障礙沒有明顯關(guān)系。Furthermore,afamilyhistoryofthyrotoxicosiswastheonlyautoimmunediseasespectrumthatwasassociatedwithalowerriskofautismgrantsdisorder.此外，有甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)家族史是唯一與較低的孤獨(dú)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的自身免疫性疾病譜系。ThestudywaspublishedintheAugustpediatricsandwasfundedbystudiedfromtheU.SnationalinstituteofmentalhealthandtheAarhusuniversityresearchfoundationinDenmark.這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在8月份的《兒科學(xué)》(pediatrics)雜志上。并由美國大學(xué)的研究資助。美國國家心理健康研究所和丹麥奧爾胡斯大學(xué)研究基金會(huì)。P152Hisambiguousdirectionsconfusedus:wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.Forthisreason,Ibelievethatthisarticleshouldbesubjecttomuchmorescrutiny.因此，我認(rèn)為這篇文章應(yīng)該受到更多的審查。Greedhasdeadenedhimtowhatotherpeoplearesuffering.貪婪使他對(duì)別人的痛苦無動(dòng)于衷。減弱、緩和、沉悶Objectivismandsubjectivismhasthesimilarmainpointswiththatofmetaphysicalhistory.客觀主義和主觀主義與形而上學(xué)歷史有著相似的要點(diǎn)。Solongashewaswillingtopaythecharges,thenhewouldbeincompliancewiththelaw.只要他愿意支付費(fèi)用，那么他就會(huì)遵守法律。Hesaidhewasonthevergeofanevolutionarybreakthrough.他說他即將在進(jìn)化上取得突破。Formostpeople,fewthingsevokefearliketheimageofagreatwhiteshark.對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，很少有事情能像大白鯊那樣喚起恐懼?！癱ruelty”meansanyinflictionofunnecessarypainordistressonananimalwhetherbydeliberateactorneglect.“殘忍”是指通過故意的行為或疏忽對(duì)動(dòng)物造成不必要的痛苦或痛苦。Instatisticsalone,KatrinawasoneoftheworstdisasterstobefalltheUnitedStates.單從統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來看，卡特里娜颶風(fēng)是美國遭受的最嚴(yán)重災(zāi)難之一。Evilcannotbedefeatedovernight,butconstantvigilancecankeepitatbay,unabletoharmushereathome.邪惡不可能在一夜之間被打敗，但是持續(xù)的警覺可以讓它遠(yuǎn)離，不能在家里傷害我們。P166Foodswithalow-glycemicareabsorbedmoreslowlythuskeepinginsulinlevelsmorestable.lipid低血糖Thetruthwillbeundeniableasallthatwerevealcanbesupportedbyirrefutableevidence.UnambiguousAnybreakintheskin,evenapinprick,providesanopeningfordangerousgerms.Dropsipv.：小口喝,抿clipv.：夾住,別住,被夾住,n.：一小口(飲料)UndergroundminingcancausethesurfaceDeformation,andinturninducetheadditionalstressinthebuildingsintheminingarea.地下開采引起地表變形，進(jìn)而引起礦區(qū)建筑物的附加應(yīng)力。reformationtransformationinhibitorIsasubstancewhichdelaysorpreventsachemicalreaction.Disneylandisnothingbutahyper-realsimulationofathemeparkasifitwereasmalltown.Stimulationndecorationduplication迪斯尼樂園不過是一個(gè)超真實(shí)的主題公園模擬，就好像它是一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Theenergypossessedbyanobjectbyvirtueofitsmotioniscalledkineticenergy,orenergyofmotion.物體因運(yùn)動(dòng)而擁有的能量稱為動(dòng)能或運(yùn)動(dòng)能。Aerobic,anaerobic,survivingOncetherobotcanmimicfacialexpressionsinasocialcontext,theresearchersplantousehiminan“automatictutoring’experiment.一旦機(jī)器人能夠在社交環(huán)境中模仿面部表情，研究人員計(jì)劃用它進(jìn)行“自動(dòng)輔