上海高考英語(yǔ)新題型之概要寫作(Summary)

上海高考英語(yǔ)新題型之概要寫作澄衷高級(jí)中學(xué)孫吉從2017年起，上海英語(yǔ)高考試卷的題型將面臨許多調(diào)整，其中之一便是增加了概要寫作（Summarywriting），也有許多人將之稱為“小作文”。概要寫作分值占據(jù)15分，考查的是考生閱讀和寫作的綜合能力。概要寫作所給定的語(yǔ)篇一般在200-250字，內(nèi)容豐富多樣，包含故事、時(shí)政、科普等，體裁以記敘文、說明文為主，字?jǐn)?shù)一般要求在50-60字，答案盡量符合“Keypointsofasummary”的要求。一．正確認(rèn)識(shí)概要寫作1.Definitionofsummarywriting（概要寫作的定義）Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestatement,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterorabook.2.Keypointsofasummary（概要寫作的要點(diǎn)）Conciseness（簡(jiǎn)要性）：Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.Length:1/4-1/3oftheoriginaltext.Completeness（完整性）：Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownwordsinacondensedmanner.Accuracy（準(zhǔn)確性）：Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.Coherence（連貫性）：Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.Objectivity（客觀性）：Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesummaryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.3.Stepstowriteasummary（概要寫作的步驟）1）Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.2）Analyzethetext’sstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)3）Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeachmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.4）Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.5）Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.4.Beginningofasummary（概要寫作的開頭）Beginyoursummarywith:*Theauthor’sname*Thearticle’sorchapter’sname*Theauthor’sthesisstatement—ageneraloverview(survey)ofthearticle.TheBody:Firstofall,theauthordescribes……Hethenpointsoutthat……Inaddition,theauthortalksabout……Finally,theauthorsuggests……Someotherintroductoryphrases:*(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that…*(Theauthor),in(thisarticle)showsthat…*In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat…*As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),…*Themainideaof(theauthor’sarticle)is…*Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause…*Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.二．記敘文概要寫作要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥記敘文體的閱讀材料，相比其他文體而言，寫概要相對(duì)容易。在寫概要前，除明確文章主題外，還應(yīng)抓住六個(gè)要素：when,where,who,what,why,how。在這六個(gè)要素中，所占內(nèi)容比重最大的是what。一般來(lái)說，記敘文的故事概要可以用這樣的模板來(lái)表示：Whodidwhatby…because…當(dāng)然，不是說每個(gè)故事概要都包含how或why，有時(shí)兩者選其一即可。下文是課堂訓(xùn)練的一個(gè)例子：Directions:Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.ItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautifulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激動(dòng))toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthatIspedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.Ididn’tknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldn’tfindmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatIbegantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandasked