2005年10月份托福閱讀真題-真題(含答案與解析)-交互

1.1.1.1.2005年10月份托福閱讀真題（總分50,做題時間120分鐘）SectionThree:ReadingComprehensionQuestion1-10Allmammalsfeedtheiryoung.Belugawhalemothers,forexample,nursetheircalvesforsometwentymonths,untiltheyareabouttogivebirthagainandtheiryoungareabletofindtheirownfood.Thebehavioroffeedingoftheyoungisbuiltintothereproductivesystem.Itisanonelectivepartofparentalcareandthedefiningfeatureofamammal,themostimportantthingthatmammals--whethermarsupials,platypuses,spinyanteaters,orplacentalmammals—haveincommon.Butnotallanimalparents,eventhosethattendtheiroffspringtothepointofhatchingorbirth,feedtheiryoung.Mostegg-guardingfishdonot,forthesimplereasonthattheiryoungaresomuchsmallerthantheparentsandeatfoodthatisalsomuchsmallerthanthefoodeatenbyadults.Inreptiles,thecrocodilemotherprotectsheryoungaftertheyhavehatchedandtakesthemdowntothewater,wheretheywillfindfood,butshedoesnotactuallyfeedthem.Fewinsectsfeedtheiryoungafterhatching,butsomemakeotherarrangement,provisioningtheircellsandnestswithcaterpillarsandspidersthattheyhaveparalyzedwiththeirvenomandstoredinastateofsuspendedanimationsothattheirlarvaemighthaveasupplyoffreshfoodwhentheyhatch.Foranimalsotherthanmammals,then,feedingisnotintrinsictoparentalcare.Animalsaddittotheirreproductivestrategiestogivethemanedgeintheirlifelongquestfordescendants.Themostvulnerablemomentinanyanimal'slifeiswhenitfirstfinds**pletelyonitsown,whenitmustforageandfendforitself.Feedingpostponesthatmomentuntilayounganimalhasgrowntosuchasizethatitisbetterabletocope.Youngthatarefedbytheirparentsbecomenutritionallyindependentatamuchgreaterfractionoftheirfulladultsize.Andinthemeantimethoseyoungareshieldedagainstthevagariesoffluctuatingofdifficult—to—findsupplies.Onceaspeciesdoestakethestepoffeedingitsyoung,theyoungbecometotallydependentontheextraeffort.Ifbothparentsareremoved,theyounggenerallydonosurvive.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?AThecarethatvariousanimalsgivetotheiroffspring.BThedifficultiesyounganimalsfaceinobtainingfood.CThemethodsthatmammalsusetonursetheiryoung.DTheimportanceamongyoungmammalsofbecomingindependent.該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Theauthorlistsvariousanimalsinline5toAcontrastthefeedinghabitsofdifferenttypesofmammalsBdescribetheprocessbywhichmammalscametobedefinedCemphasizethepointthateverytypeofmammalfeedsitsownyoung廠....Dexplainwhyaparticularfeatureofmammalsisnonelective該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.Theword"tend"inline7isclosestinmeaningtopAsitonBmoveCnoticeDcarefor該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthepracticeofanimalparentsfeedingtheiryoung?廠??AItisunknownamongfish.BItisunrelatedtothesizeoftheyoung.pCItisdangerousfortheparents.DItis**monamongmammals.該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.Theword"provisioning"inline13isclosestinmeaningtoAsupplyingrnBpreparingCbuilding

Dexpanding該問題分值：1答案:ASSSSINGLESEL6.Accordingtothepassage,howdosomeinsectsmakesuretheiryounghavefood?rABystoringfoodneartheirBBylocatingtheirnestsorcaterpillars.ryoung.cellsnearspidersandCBysearchingforfoodsomeDBygatheringfoodfromanearbywatersource.該問題分值：1答案:Adistancefromtheirnest.SSSSINGLESEL7.Theword"edge"inline17isclosestinmeaningtoropportunityadvantagepurpose6.Accordingtothepassage,howdosomeinsectsmakesuretheiryounghavefood?rABystoringfoodneartheirBBylocatingtheirnestsorcaterpillars.ryoung.cellsnearspidersandCBysearchingforfoodsomeDBygatheringfoodfromanearbywatersource.該問題分值：1答案:Adistancefromtheirnest.SSSSINGLESEL7.Theword"edge"inline17isclosestinmeaningtoropportunityadvantagepurposerest該問題分值：1答案:BSSSSINGLESEL8.Theword"it"inline20referstorFeedingmomentyounganimalsize該問題分值：1答案:CSSSSINGLESEL9.Accordingtothepassage,animalyoungaremostdefenselesswhenrtheirparentsareawaysearchingforfoodtheirparentshavemanyyoungtofeedtheyareonlyafewdaysoldtheyfirstbecomeindependent該問題分值：該問題分值：1該問題分值：該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.Theword""shielded""inline22isclosestinmeaningtoAraisedBprotectedChatcheduDvalued該問題分值：1答案:BQuestion11—21:Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimagebearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,""tocarve"").Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross—hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood—qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.MassSSSSINGLESELSSSSINGLESELSSSSINGLESELSSSSINGLESELproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?rTheoriginsoftextiledecorationThecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprintsTwotypesofprintmakingTypesofpaperusedinprintmaking該問題分值：1答案:CSSSSINGLESEL12.principalcomplexgeneralTheword""prime"inline2isclosestinmeaningtoprincipalcomplexgeneralrrecent該問題分值：1答案:ASSSSINGLESEL13.Theauthor'spurposesinparagraph2istodescriberthethethe13.Theauthor'spurposesinparagraph2istodescriberthethethewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcenturyuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustryprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcutintroductionofwoodcutstoEuropethe該問題分值：1答案:CSSSSINGLESEL14.Theword""incised"inline15isclosestinmeaningtoburnedrburnedcutframedbaked該問題分值：1答案:B19.19.19.19.15.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage/A"patterns"(line5)B"grain"(line8)C"burin"(line16)D"grooves"(line17)該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.Theword"distinctive"inline19isclosestinmeaningto￡.AuniqueBaccurateCirregularDsimilar該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL17.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutengravingEXCEPTthatitAdevelopedfromtheartofthegoldsmithsBrequiresthatthepaperbecutwithaburinCoriginatedinthefifteenthcenturyDinvolvescarvingintoametalplate該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.Theword"yield"inline23isclosestinmeaningtoAimitateproducerevisecontrast該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SELAccordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?ATheirdesignsareslightlyraised.BTheyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.CTheywerefirstusedinEurope.DTheyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeitpossibleformembersofthegeneralpublictoownprintsinthesixteenthcentury?廠APrintscouldbemadeatlowcost.BThequalityofpaperandinkhadimproved.CManypeoplebecameinvolvedintheprintmakingindustry.廠..DDecreaseddemandforprintskeptpricesaffordable.該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL21.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthattheyAcanbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaperBarecreatedfromareversedimageCshowvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshadesDrequireaprintingpress該問題分值：1答案:DQuestions22—31:ThefirstpeoplestoinhabitwhattodayisthesoutheasternUnitedStatessustainedthemselvesashuntersandgathers.SometimesearlyinthefirstmillenniumA.D.,however,theybegantocultivatecornandothercrops.Gradually,astheybecamemoreskilledatgardening,theysettledintopermanentvillagesanddevelopedarichculture,characterizedbythegreatearthenmoundstheyerectedasmonumentstotheirgodsandastombsfortheirdistinguisheddead.MostoftheseearlymoundbuilderswerepartoftheAdena—Hopewellculture,whichhaditsbeginningsneartheOhioRiverandtakesitsnamefromsitesinOhio.Theculturespreadsouthwardintothepresent—daystatesofLouisiana,Alabama,Georgia,andFlorida.Itspeoplesbecamegreattraders,barteringjewellery,pottery,animalpelts,

tools,andothergoodsalongextensivetradingnetworksthatstretchedupanddowneasternNorthAmericaandasfarwestastheRockyMountains.AboutA.D.400,theHopewellculturefellintodecay.Overthenextcenturies,itwassupplantedbyanotherculture,theMississippian,namedaftertheriveralongwhichmanyofitsearliestvillageswerelocated.**plexcivilizationdominatedtheSoutheastfromaboutA.D.700untilshortlybeforetheEuropeansbeganarrivinginthesixteenthcentury.Atthepeakofitsstrength,abouttheyear1200,itwasthemostadvancedcultureinNorthAmerica.LiketheirHopewellpredecessors,theMississippiansbecamehighlyskilledatgrowingfood,althoughonagranderscale.Theydevelopedanimprovedstrainofcorn,whichcouldsurviveinwetsoilandarelativelycoolclimate,andalsolearnedtocultivatebeans.Indeed,agriculturebecamesoimportanttotheMississippiansthatitbecamecloselyassociatedwiththeSuntheguarantorofgoodcrops.Manytribescalledthemselves""childrenoftheSun"andbelievedtheiromnipotentpriest-chiefsweredescendantsofthegreatsungod.AlthoughmostMississippianslivedinsmallvillages,manyothersinhabitedlargetowns.Mostofthesetownsboastedatleastonemajorflat-toppedmoundonwhichstoodatemplethatcontainedasacredflame.Onlypriestsandthosechargedwithguardingtheflamecouldenterthetemples.Themoundsalsoservedasceremonialandtradingsites,andattimestheywereusedasburialgrounds.SSS_SINGLE_SEL22.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?AThedevelopmentofagricultureBThelocationsoftownsandvillagesCTheearlypeopleandculturesoftheUnitedStatesDTheconstruetionofburialmounds該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL23.WhichofthefollowingresultedfromtheriseofagricultureinthesoutheasternUnitedStates?AThedevelopmentoftradeinNorthAmerica廠.BTheestablishmentofpermanentsettlementsCConflictswithotherNativeAmericangroupsoverland廠...DAmigrationofthesepeoplestotheRockyMountains.SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL該問題分值：該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL24.Whatdoestheterm〃Adena-Hopewell""(line7)designate?廠.ATheearlylocationsoftheAdena-HopewellcultureBThetwomostimportantnationsoftheAdena-HopewellcultureCTwoformerleaderswhowerehonoredwithlargeburialmounds.廠...DTwoimportanttraderoutesineasternNorthAmerica該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL25.line9isclosestinmeaningtoline13isclosestinmeaningtoTheword""bartering""inline9isclosestinmeaningtoline13isclosestinmeaningtoAproducingBexchangingCtransporting廠.Dloading該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SELTheword""supplanted""inrTheword""supplanted""inrconqueredprecededreplacedimitated該問題分值：1答案:cSSS_SINGLE_SEL27.Accordingtothepassage,whendidtheMississippianculturereachitshighestpointofdevelopment?AAboutA.D.400BBetweenA.D.400ANDA.D.700CAboutA.D.1200DInthesixteenthcentury該問題分值：1答案:C

28.Accordingtothepassage,howdidtheagricultureoftheMississippiansdifferfromthatoftheirHopewellpredecessors?廠....ATheMississippiansproducedmoredurableandlargercropsoffood.BTheMississippianssoldtheirfoodtoothergroups.廠CTheMississippianscouldonlygrowplantsinwarm,dryclimates.DTheMississippiansproducedspecialfoodsfortheirreligiousleaders.該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL29.WhydoestheauthormentionthatmanyMississippianstribescalledthemselves""childrenoftheSun"(line22)?AToexplainwhytheywereobedienttotheirpriest-chiefs.廠.....BToargueabouttheimportanceofreligionintheirculture.CToillustratethegreatimportancetheyplacedonagriculture.DToprovideanexampleoftheirreligiousrituals.該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL30.Thephrase""chargedwith""inline26isclosestinmeaningtocApassedonBexperiencedatCinterestedinDassignedto該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL31.Accordingtothepassage,theflat-toppedmoundsinMississippiantownswereusedforallofthefollowingpurposesEXCEPTAreligiousceremoniesBmeetingplacesforthe**munityCsites**merceDburialsites

答案:BQuestion32-40:OverlandtransportintheUnitedStateswasstillextremelyprimitivein1790.Roadswerefewandshort,usuallyextendingfrom**munitiestothenearestrivertownorseaport.Nearlyall**mercewascarriedoutbysailingshipsthatservedthebaysandharborsoftheseaboard.Yet,in1790thenationwasonthethresholdofaneweraofroaddevelopment.Unabletofinanceroadconstruetion,statesturnedforhelpto**panies,organizedbymerchantsandlandspeculatorswhohadapersonalinterestin**municationswiththeinterior.ThepioneerinthismovewasthestateofPennsylvania,whichcharteredacompanyin1792toconstruetaturnpike,aroadfortheuseofwhichatoll,orpayment,iscollected,fromPhiladelphiatoLancaster.Thelegislaturegave**panytheauthoritytoerecttollgatesatpointsalongtheroadwherepaymentwouldbecollected,thoughitcarefullyregulatedtherates.(Thestateshadunquestionedauthoritytoregulateprivatebusinessinthisperiod.)**panybuiltagravelroadwithintwoyears,andthesuccessoftheLancasterPikeencouragedimitation.Northernstatesgenerallyreliedon**paniestobuildtheirtollroads,butVirginiaconstruetedanetworkatpublicexpense.Suchwastheroadbuildingfeverthatby1810NewYorkalonehadsome1,500milesofturnpikesextendingfromtheAtlantictoLakeErie.Transportationontheseearlyturnpikesconsistedoffreightcarrierwagonsandpassengerstagecoaches.The**monroadfreightcarrierwastheConestogawagon,avehicledevelopedinthemid-eighteenthcenturybyGermanimmigrantsintheareaaroundLancaster,Pennsylvania.Itfeaturedlarge,broadwheelsabletonegotiateallbutthedeepestrutsandholes,anditsroundbottompreventedthefreightfromshiftingonahill.Coveredwithcanvasanddrawnbyfourtosixhorses,theConestogawagonrivaledthelogcabinastheprimarysymbolofthefrontier.Passengerstraveledinavarietyofstagecoaches,the**monofwhichhadfourbenches,eachholdingthreepersons.Itwasonlyaplatformonwheels,withnosprings;slenderpolesheldupthetop,andleathercurtainskeptoutdustandrain.SSS_SINGLE_SEL32.Paragraph1discussesearlyroadbuildingintheUnitedStatesmainlyintermsofthe廠ApopularityofturnpikesBfinancingofnewroadsCdevelopmentoftheinteriorDlawsgoverningroaduse該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL33.Theword""primitive〃inline1isclosestinmeaningtoAunsafef-BunknownCr-?CinexpensivetpDundeveloped該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL34.In1790mostroadsconnectedtownsintheinteriorofthecountrywithAother**munitiesBtownsinotherstatesCrivertownsorseaportspDconstruetionsites該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL35.Thephrase""onthethresholdof"inline4and5isclosestinmeaningto廠.AinneedofBinplaceofCatthestartofDwiththepurposeof該問題分值：1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL36.Accordingtothepassage,whydidstateswant**paniestohelpwithroadbuilding?廠AThestatescouldnotaffordtobuildroadsthemselves.BThestateswerenotaswellequippedas**panies.C**panies**pleteroadsfasterthanthestates.D**panieshadgreaterknowledgeoftheinterior.該問題分值：該問題分值：1該問題分值：該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL37.Theword"it"inline11refersto廠AlegislatureBcompany廠CauthorityDpayment該問題分值：1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL38.Theword"imitation"inline14isclosestinmeaningtoAinvestmentpBsuggestionCr-?Cincreasingrn?Dcopying該問題分值：1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL39.VirginiaismentionedasanexampleofastatethatAbuiltroadswithouttollgatesBbuiltroadswithgovernmentmoneyCcompleted1,500milesofturnpikesinoneyearDintroducednewlawrestrietingroaduse該問題分值：1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL40.The"large,broadwheels"oftheConestogawagonarementionedinline21asanexampleofafeatureofwagonsthatwasAunusualinmid-eighteenthcenturyvehiclesBfirstfoundinGermanyCeffectiveonroadswithunevensurfacesDresponsibleforfrequentdamagetofreight該問題分值：1答案:CQuestion41-50:InDeathValley,California,oneofthehottest,mostaridplacesinNorthAmerica,thereismuchsalt,andsaltcandamagerocksimpressively.Inhabitantsofareaselsewhere,wherestreetsandhighwaysaresaltedtocontrolice,arefamiliarwiththeresultingrustanddeteriorationoncars.Thatatteststothechemicallycorrosivenatureofsalt,butitisnotthewaysaltdestroysrocks.Saltbreaksrocksapartprincipallybyaprocesscalledcrystalpryingandwedging.Thishappensnotbysoakingtherocksinsaltwater,butbymoisteningtheirbottomswithsaltwater.SuchconditionsexistinmanyareasalongtheeasternedgeofcentralDeathValley.There,saltywaterrisesfromthegroundwatertablebycapillaryactionthroughtinyspacesinsedimentuntilitreachesthesurface.Moststoneshavecapillarypassagesthatsucksaltwaterfromthewetground.DeathValleyprovidesanultra-dryatmosphereandhighdailytemperatures,whichpromoteevaporationandtheformationofsaltcrystalsalongthecracksorotheropeningswithinstones.Thesecrystalsgrowaslongassaltwaterisavailable.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Besidescrystalgrowth,theexpansionofhalitecrystals(thesameaseverydaytablesalt)byheatingandofsulfatesandsimilarsaltsbyhydrationcancontributeadditionalstresses.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Weatheringbyavarietyofsalts,thoughoftensubtle,isaworldwidephenomenon.Notrestrietedtoaridregions,intensesaltweatheringoccursmostlyinsalt—richplacesliketheseashore,nearthelargesalinelakesintheDryValleysofAntarctica,andindesertsectionsofAustralia.NewZealand,andcentralAsia.SSS_SINGLE_SEL41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout