國際經(jīng)濟學模擬試題(英文)含答案

國際經(jīng)濟學模擬習題（3）一、TrueorFalse(10*1’=10’)Tradeisazero-sumactivity;ifonecountrygains,theothermustlose.Anationmaximizessatisfactionbyreachingthehighestpossibleindifferencecurve,andintheabsenceoftradewillproducewhereitsproductionpossibilitiesscheduleistangenttoanindifferencecurve.Thefactorendowmentsmodelpredictsthatinternationaltradewilltendtoequalizethepricesoftrade-ablegoodsamongnations,buttoincreasethewagegapbetweencapital-abundantandlabor-abundantnations.Ataxof10percentonimportsofshoeswouldbeanexampleofaspecifictariff.Animportquotawillnotraisethedomesticpriceoftheproductaswouldatariff,becauseitisnotataxonimports.Inbalance-of-paymentsaccount,atransactionresultinginreceiptofapaymentisrecordedasacredit,whereasatransactionresultinginapaymenttoothernationsisrecordedasadebit.Becausetheydonotincludeanexchangeofgoodsorservices,unilateraltransfersdonotappearonanation'sbalanceofpaymentsaccount.DavidHumewasoneofthefirsteconomiststoprovideanalyticalsupportformercantilisttradepolicies.Anationwouldbemostlikelytofinditstradebalanceimprovingafteracurrencydepreciationifthatnation’sdemandforimportsandforeigndemandforitsexportswasveryinelastic.Anationwithneitherabalanceofpaymentssurplusnorabalanceofpaymentsdeficitissaidtobeininternalbalance.二、choices(15*3’=45’)Thelawofcomparativeadvantage.wasratifiedbytheWorldTradeOrganization.explainshowallcountriescanbenefitwheneachspecializesinproducingitemsinwhichithasthegreatestrelativeefficiency.explainshowonlythemostefficientnationscanbenefitfromtrade.isusedtoevaluateacountry’smilitarystrengthThetheoryofabsoluteadvantagewasdevelopedbytheMercantilistsDavidHumeAdamSmithDavidRicardoDavidRicardodevelopedtheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageshowingthatanationmustbetheleast-costproducerofagoodinordertoexportthatitemnonationcouldhaveanabsoluteadvantageinallgoodsinatwo-countryexample,onlyonenationcanhaveacomparativeadvantageevenanationthathaslowerproductivityinallgoodscanbenefitbyexportingtheiteminwhichitisrelativelylessinefficientAnindifferencecurveshowsthatmostpeoplereallyareindifferentaboutinternationaltradeshowsthedemandpreferencesofconsumersreflectstherelativecostsofproductionwithinanationindicateshowmuchlaboracountryhasTomaximizeitssatisfaction,anationwillensurethatitsterms-of-tradelinea.istangenttoitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontieratonepoint(productionpoint)andalsotothehighestattainableindifferencecurveatanotherpoint(consumptionpoint)b.istangenttoitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierandintersectsanindifferencecurveintersectsitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierandistangenttoanindifferencecurveintersectsitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontieratonepointandanindifferencecurveatanotherpointFactor-priceequalizationpredictsthatwithinternationaltradethepriceofanation’sabundantfactorwillriseandthatofitsscarcefactorwillfallthepriceofanation’sabundantfactorwillfallandthatofitsscarcefactorwillrisethepricesofanation’sabundantandscarcefactorsbothwillrisethepricesofanation’sabundantandscarcefactorsbothwillfallTheeffectiverateofprotectiondistinguishesbetweentariffsthatareeffectiveandthosethatareineffectiveistheminimumlevelatwhichatariffbecomeseffectiveinlimitingimportsshowstheincreaseinvalue-addedfordomesticproductionthataparticulartariffstructuremakespossible,inpercentagetermsshowshoweffectiveatariffisinraisingrevenueTheinstitutionalframeworkdevelopedin1947topromotetradeliberalizationisknownastheGATTtheWTOtheIMFTheWorldBankDevelopingnationshaveverylimitedinvolvementininternationaltradetrademostlywitheachotherrelyheavilyonexportsofprimaryproductstoindustrialnationsrelyheavilyonexportsofmanufacturedproductsAcustomsunionisuniqueinthatithasnotariffsontradeamongmembernationshasnotariffsontradeamongmembernationsandacommonsetoftariffsonimportsfromnon-membershasnotariffsontradeamongmembernations,acommonsetoftariffsonimportsfromnon-members,andfreemobilityoffactorsofproductionsuchaslaborandcapitalamongmembersallowsunrestrictedlaborimmigrationfromnon-membernationsAnation'sbalanceofpaymentsstatementisarecordofthatnation'sassetsabroadanditsliabilitiestothosefromothernationsisanaccountingadjustmentprocessensuringthatanation'sexportswillbeequaltoitsimportsc.doesnotincludetransactionsofforeigncitizensorcompanieslivingoroperatingwithinthatnationd.isarecordoftheeconomictransactionsbetweenresidentsofthatnationandtherestoftheworld,usuallyforaperiodofoneyear.Sincebalance-of-paymentsaccountingisadouble-entryaccountingsystem,anexportofU.S.wheattoMexicopaidforbyadeposittotheU.S.exportersaccountinaMexicanbankwouldberecordedontheU.S.balanceofpaymentsasa.acreditformerchandiseexportsandacredittoshort-termfinancialflowsacreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittoshort-termfinancialflows.acreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittounilateraltransfersacreditformerchandiseexportsandadebittoofficialsettlementsTheforeign-exchangemarketislocatedinNewYorkisamarketinChicagofortheinternationaltradingofcommoditiessuchaswheatorcopper.isamechanismforindividualsandinstitutionstoexchangeonenationalorregionalcurrencyordebtinstrumentforthoseofothernationsorregions.isopenfrom9:00a.m.to3:00p.m.NewYorktime,MondaythroughFriday.MarketfundamentalsthatmightbeexpectedtoinfluenceexchangeratemovementsincludeallofthefollowingfactorsexceptdifferencesinrealincomegrowthratesbetweencountriesdifferencesinrealinterestratesbetweencountriesspeculativeopinionaboutfutureexchangerateschangesinperceivedprofitabilityofeconomicinvestmentsbetweentwocountriesIfinflationishigherinMexicothanintheUnitedStates,thelawofonepricewouldpredictthattradebetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStateswoulddeclinethedollarpriceofautospurchasedinMexicowouldbehigherthanthedollarpriceofcomparableautospurchasedintheUnitedStatesthepesowouldappreciaterelativetothedollarbyanamountequalinpercentagetermstothedifferencebetweenthetwoinflationratesthepesowoulddepreciaterelativetothedollarbyanamountequalinpercentagetermstothedifferencebetweenthetwoinflationrates三、Questions(45’，answerthesequestionsinChinese)1.Assumethatlaboristheonlyfactorusedinproduction,andthatthecostsofproducingbutterandclotharegivenbythetablebelow.(8’)Costinlabor-hourstoproduceHomeForeign1unitofbutter1/811unitofcloth1/41/2ExpressthepriceofbutterrelativetothepriceofclothintermsoflaborcontentforHomeandForeignintheabsenceoftrade.Whatdotheserelativepricesrevealabouteachcountry’scomparativeadvantage?Whatdotheserelativepricessuggestabouttheworldpriceofbutterrelativetocloththatwillexistoncethesecountriestradewitheachother?Iftheworldpricestabilizesat1withtrade,whatarethegainsbytheHomecountryachievedthroughtradewiththeForeigncountry?Explaintheimmiserizinggrowthandlistthecaseforimmiserizinggrowthtobeoccur.(8’)Explaintheexchangerateovershootingtheory(8’)Supposethatthenominalinterestrateon3-monthTreasurybillsis8percentintheUnitedStatesand6percentintheUnitedKingdom,andtherateofinflationis10percentintheUnitedStatesand4percentintheUnitedKingdom.(9’)Whatistherealinterestrateineachnation?Inwhichdirectionwouldinternationalinvestmentflowinresponsetotheserealinterestrates?Whatimpactwouldtheseinvestmentflowshaveonthedollar’sexchangevalue?5.Whateffectsdoeslabormigrationhaveonthecountryofimmigration?Thecountryofemigration?Theworldasawhole?(12’)國際經(jīng)濟學模擬習題（3）參考答案一、判斷題（每題1分，共10分） XNXXX qXXXX二、選擇題（每題3分，共45分）bcdbaacacbdbccd三、簡答題（共45分）1、（1）封閉條件下，本國可以用一半的生產(chǎn)一單位布的勞動時間生產(chǎn)一單位黃油。這表示，在封閉條件下，本國黃油與布的相對價格是1/2，外國黃油與布的相對價格是2。（